• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Land consolidation ratio for rice paddy fields reached to 64.7% as of 2008 in Korea, and this also accelerated automation of field machinery. Especially, research on autonomous tractors has been continuously conducted. Tillage is one of the labor-, energy-, and time-consuming field operations. Most important requirements for autonomous tractors would be travelling path planning and electronic system to control the tractor to follow the path. The instruction of computer was required to conduct the tillage operation in field with unmanned traveling tractor. This instruction was coincidently used in the control of the traveling path and the motion of tractor. The objectives of the study were 1) to characterize and model tillage operating sequence, turning pattern, and 2) to develop tillage path formation programs for autonomous tractor and evaluate the performance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2005

Rice farmers can save labor and expenses by using expanded rice husk (ERH) as a seedling medium since ERH is lighter and cheaper than other commercial seedling media (CSM). This study was carried out to develop a method for rice seedling cultivation using ERH as a seedling medium. It is suggested that a mixture of $60\%$ of ERH and $40\%$ of a CSM could be used as a seedling medium; the planting densities would be 240g per tray for infant seedlings and 200 g for young seedlings; and nitrogen (N) would be applied at a rate of 1g per tray for infant seedlings prior to planting and 2g per tray for young seedlings with division. Great care should be taken to use $CO(NH_2)_2$ as an N-source fertilizer. These results would lay a foundation for the rice seedling cultivation with ERH as a medium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.411-417
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• 1999

This study was performed to figure out an optimum water environment and to obtain the fundamental data related with saving labor and water consumption for the chinese cabbage being grown in greenhouse . The productivity of cabbage cultivated in boty pots and floor were compared to each other in the aspects of height and weight depending on the soil saturation levels. Obtained results are as follows. ; In case of pot cultivation , the height as well as weight of cabbage in 80% soil saturation level(P80) were measured to be larger than those in the other 2 soil saturation leves (P100 and P60). The weight of floor cultivated cabbages were relatively larger than that of pot cultivated ones. In accordance with saturation ration, the general trend of water consumption rate was maximum in P80 and was decreased in the order of P80 , P100 and P60. And the average indoor temperature as well as the plant growth rate were found to be closely related with water consumption rate.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.3153-3159
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• 1973

Although standard method of test for liquid limit procedure is issued under the fixed designation KSF-2303 in 1968, for both of general method and on point method, the latter of which is not still favorably used among laboratory engineers with its defficiency of adquate informations. This study intended as to furnish proper information to the laboratory engineers for the use of one point liquid limit test with full advantages of time-saving and labor-saving. further more, the following conversion formula to the one point method VS. general method is presented by the results of analytical study on 1017 Soil sampls existing liquid limit test data The formula is; $$W_L = W(\frac{N}{25})^{0.118}$$ The conversion factor (table-4) is also attached for the convenience of the users.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.193-204
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• 1987

The main purpose of this study is to examine agricultural technologies through plowing and hoeing. One of the purposes on which this study is to analysis process of development and divergence of plough and hoe. The following facts are significant findings ; 1. In early Yi - dynasty, tilling implements used by ard plough and mould board plough did use in three south province, most region mainly used ard plough. Therefore, farming in early Yi - dynasty is extensive. 2. The mould board plough diffused in many fann house, spring farming and autumnfarming formed complet system in early 17th Century. But works of hoeing was continuing to save labor by long hand hoe. 3. Finally in 17th century, Small - scale independent farming ceaselessly tried to make his basis with transtortation intensive farming method. But Small - scale independent farming had not stafely base because extensive farming method continued in this peorid.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.619-628
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• 2018

This study analyze the economic effect of chemical fertilizer. We used the input and output data, and the analysis variables include production output nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, seeds, and labor. The main results are as follows. First, for spring potatoes, potassium increases to a certain level of output, but over a certain stage, the output decreases as the input increases. Optimal use of potassium in the calculation of spring potatoes can achieve the effect of reducing input costs and increasing output simultaneously. Second, radish In autumn, nitrogen increases to a certain level, but over a certain stage it represents a reverse U-shaped relationship in which output decreases as input increases. This means that reducing the amount of fertilizer input increases the output. This means that soil-related agricultural big data can contribute to the management of nutrients and greenhouse gas reduction in agricultural land.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.411-419
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop a shredding-burying machine for application of gramineae green manure crops that were tall and had high biomass yield such as sudan grass and rye. We made a prototype to operate both shredding and burying concurrently to attach at middle-sized tractors. Field tests were performed with the prototype to treat rye and sudan grass. The test results showed that the average cutting length became shorter and the quantity of entwined stem became obviously decreased when the PTO shaft speed was fast and running speed was slow. Also, We found, when the cut stem length became shorter, the burying ratio became more increasing and the PTO power requirement became more decreasing. Working efficiency of the prototype was better than conventional Rotary. The test results for treating rye/sudan grass with prototype showed that average cutting length was 21.2/22.5 cm and burying ratio was 98.4/98.1% when the PTO shaft speed was 1,000/1,000 rpm and running speed was 0.25/0.17 m/s. Also, the working performance of the prototype was 0.79 and 1.14 h/10 a for rye and sudan grass, respectively. Finally, we found that the prototype of shredding-burying machine was better for labor than conventional method that required at least 3 times bigger tractor.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2011

Vietnam is one of a country with an important strategic position in economic development in the Asia Pacific region. In addition, Vietnam has a longtime agricultural more than 70% of agricultural labor. With favorable natural conditions, agricultural growth in Vietnam is'key'to the developing countries. However, Vietnam's agriculture has still encounter many problems due to drought, climatic conditions, natural disasters. The level of development and agricultural production is weak, the process of post-harvest storage is limited and particularly agricultural competitiveness with other countries is obstacles. In fact, the Government of Vietnam decided to cooperate with other countries have highly developed agriculture such as America, Korea, Japan... hoping to get help and promote agricultural development in a sustainable manner. Since 1992, Vietnam and Korea established formal diplomatic relations. During 20 years of cooperation and development, We have been obtained many satisfactory results not only in fields invest infrastructure, technological science but also exchange experience especially in the agricultural sector. From the Korea ODA project, Vietnam's agriculture in general has made significant progress. With vision, ODA projects continues to support the Central Highlands region in which the Da Lat city, Lam Dong province. Pass the cooperation between Dongguk University and Da Lat University has many positive results. Hopefully in the near future, the relationship between Vietnam and Korea in general will continue to grow strongly, the Korea ODA project will be continue to support Vietnam's agriculture in general and in particularly for the Central Highlands which in Da Lat City, Lam Dong province.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop products that prevent muscular skeletal disease of farm workers, which would bring improvement for an efficient harvesting work. Background: A pretest for product development and a survey research was carried out to inspect the problems of current harvesting work procedure. The product was developed and assessed based on ideas to supplement and improve these weak points. Method: A total of twenty men were recruited to evaluate the effects of harvest baskets on the upper-limb muscle activity, working hours. For the usability evaluation, electromyogram and working hours of previous working method (disuse of harvest basket, one-hand carriage of the basket) and new working method with the usage of newly-developed harvest basket was examined. The whole anterior deltoid, biceps brachii and erector spinae on both sides, which make a total of six muscle parts, were used for this experiment. The results were analyzed using ANOVA with muscle activity (%MVC) of each three forms of work and required work time from SPSS 18.0. Results: According to the test result, all muscles did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference, with an exception of the backbone erector (right). The muscle activity of backbone erector (right) in the work method that uses the harvest basket developed in this study was detected to be approximately 23% less than that of the previous working method. Moreover, compared to the previous working method, the required work time decreased to a statistically significant degree. Conclusion: As such, the decrease in the amount of waist muscle usage at harvesting work would enable the prevention of muscular skeletal disease and stabilization of lumbar spine. Application: Which in turn would increase the effectiveness and reduce personnel expense (labor costs) while enhancing productivity with a decreased working hours.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4 s.111
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• pp.210-219
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• 2005

This study was conducted to solve the problem of crawled spinach harvesting that had been mainly done by manpower on the outdoor fields during the winter season. Moreover, there are not enough workers available for farming at most of rural areas in Korea because farming is getting hard and the number of old-aged workers is increasing. In order to find appropriate methods of digging, picking and collecting of spinach, the tests were examined outdoors. A prototype was designed based on the results of the tests and then fabricated for digging, picking-up and then collecting in continuous operation for harvesting spinach planted in the outdoor fields. In the field test with the prototype, the vibration intensity transmitted to the driver by vibrating blade was low while the vibrating blade reduced digging power by $46\%$ compared to that of the fixed blade. The spinach loss was found to be as low as $0.7\%$ in the condition of digging depth of 40 mm, cam rotational velocity of 748 rpm, and blade amplitude of 16.5 m. The working performance of the prototype spinach harvester was found to be 3.8 hour/10a resulting in $96\%$ of labor saving and $85\%$ of operating cost compared to the conventional manual harvesting.