• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Recently, various rice by milling degree is sold for health and taste. To provide safe food to consumers, it is need to know the change of heavy metal contents according to milling degree of rice.METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was to investigate residual the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as stated in the milling degree of the rice contaminated Cd and Pb from 2011 to 2012 in Chungcheongnam-do. Rice samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL) of Cd and Pb were milled by five degrees (0.0, 2.45, 8.02, 10.48, 15.09%). Milled rice was digested by microwave method, and analyzed heavy metal contents using ICP-OES. Recovery ratios of 4 heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were ranged for 79.7-98.9%, and limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were fulfilled with the normal analytical standards. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were ranged 0.416-0.433 mg/kg, 0.183-0.26 mg/kg, 3.639- 3.882 mg/kg and 16.868-19.801 mg/kg, respectively.CONCLUSION: From these results, conforming with increase of milling degree of rice, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn contents tended to decrease. The contents of heavy metals were decreased 3.1% in Cd, 29.3% in Pb, 6.4% in Cu and 15.1% in Zn, in according to the highest milling degree of 15.09%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

We analysed 149 samples of Korean traditional herbal tea materials. The 156 pesticides were analyzed by GC/ECD and NPD, detected pesticides were confirmed by GC-TOF/MS. Sample preparation was performed bv multi-residue analysis method of multiclass pesticides of the Korea Food Code. The residual pesticides were detected in 22 samples(14.8%), the highest detection frequency samples are lycium and jujube. Detected pesticides in Korean traditional herbal tea materials were chlorpyrifos (5 samples), chlorothalonil (3 samples), cypermethrin (3 samples), hexaconazol (3 samples) and cyhalothrin(3 samples). The pesticide types detected in Korean traditional herbal tea materials were organophosphorus(29.2%), pyrethroids(16.7%), organochlorines (12.5%) and triazoles(12.5%). The 5 samples(lycium, jujube, chrysanthemum, balloon-flower, milk vetch root) were detected pesticides below MRLs, 2 samples(cornus fruit, cnidium) were detected pesticides unnotificated MRLs.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2011

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mainly contaminated mycotoxins in feeds. The study was carried out to analyze and survey the contamination of DON and ZEN in one hundred thirteen samples of feeds. After cleaning all samples with immunoaffinity column, the mycotoxins were analysed by using high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence with diode array detector (HPLC/FLD with DAD). The average recoveries of DON were 88.76 and 95.40% at the levels of 200 and 1,000 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 87.09 and 98.40% of ZEN were recovered at the levels of 100 and 500 ${\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) were 6.0 and 3.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ for DON and ZEN, respectively. The average concentrations of DON were 372.1, 324.0 and 990.9 ${\mu}g/kg$ in chicken, pig and cattle feed, respectively. Those of ZEN were 76.1, 43.7 and 196.2 ${\mu}g/kg$ for them, individually.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.636-652
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• 2018

The study aims to determine the optimum sterilization rate and water activity of Chinese traditional smoke-cured bacon product (Larou) in the preservation with natural coating solution. With the response surface methodology (RSM), we analyzed 3 factors of processing conditions (the concentration of lysozyme, concentration of sodium alginate, and concentration of chitosan) and 2 response factors (sterilization rate and water activity). Sterilization rate and water activity of Larou were largely affected by the concentration of lysozyme, concentration of sodium alginate, and concentration of chitosan. The final optimum concentrations of lysozyme, sodium alginate, and chitosan were 0.09, 1.40, and 1.60% and realized the high sterilization rate. Water activity of sliced Larou was significantly correlated with the sterilization rate. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis verified the optimum processing conditions. The coating resulted in 99.69% rate of reducing bacteria after 30-day storage. The data of the total number of colony, peroxidation value, moisture content, pH, and sensory evaluation provided the theoretical basis for extending the shelf life of Chinese traditional smoke-cured bacon product (Larou) with natural coating solution.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the degradation of six residual pesticides (${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole, EPN) in red pepper powder after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The residual ratio of pesticides after 365 nm irradiation which distance is 20 cm and irradiation time is 5 minutes were 73.4, 69.6, 60.8, 92.7, 73.8 and 90.5% in ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan, ${\beta}$-Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole and EPN, respectively. The residual ratio of pesticides after 254 nm irradiation which distance is 5 cm and irradiation time is 36 hours were 74.6, 64.5, 71.1, 79.1, 79.4 and 64.7% in ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan, ${\beta}$-Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole and EPN, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.238-248
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of 208 types of residue pesticides on 150 dried agricultural products in Ulsan. The pesticide residues were detected using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC/ECD, GC/NPD, and LC/PDA. The detection rate was 19.3% (29 of 150 samples), and 28 types of pesticides were detected. Two of the 29 pesticide residues exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Difenoconazole was detected in Ulleungdo aster, and chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos were detected in chili pepper leaves. In the vegetable group, the frequency of pesticide residues was found to be the highest in dried leafy vegetables, followed by dried fruiting vegetables other than cucurbit vegetables, and then dried stalk and stem vegetables. The pesticide types detected in the commercial dried agricultural products were fungicide (60%), insecticide (23.8%), and acaricide (16.3%). In the validation study, the values of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), coefficient of determination (R²), and recovery rate were in the range of 0.0001-0.0409 mg/kg, 0.0003-0.1241 mg/kg, 0.994-0.999, and 81.58-116.79%, respectively. The ratio of estimated daily intake (EDI)/acceptable daily intake (ADI) was 0.00002-0.31395%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

Despite the variety in sizes and shapes of agricultural products, the unified standardization of packing has been a long time necessity. In this study the stacking efficiency of packing standards for each box using packing Monte Carlo simulation based on the standard pallet is evaluated. As a result of simulation the unified packing standard for agricultural products is suggested by 550$\times$366 mm. With this study it is expected that the unification of the standards can help to increase the utilization of reusable packages and to improve efficiency of agricultural logistics.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to categorize agriculture, to analyze perception of sustainable agriculture and to suggest the directions for improving farming practices in Korea. This study was conducted by review of literature and mail survey. The data was collected from 225 purposively sampled agricultural students by questionnaire. Major findings of the study were as follows; 1) According to the respondents, sustainable agriculture may bring positive effects on the betterment of land conservation, water management and animal protection. 2) The respondents expected that the sustainable agricultural practices may diminish the use of agricultural chemicals and increase safe agricultural products. 3) Sustainable agriculture needs more labor power, however, the number of small and middle-size farms in Korea would not be increased. 4) Even though the price of sustainable agriculture products increases, the respondents expected that rural economic condition would not be much improved because of sustainable agriculture. 5) Agricultural students responded that number of farmers in sustainable agriculture would be increased in the future.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.422-429
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• 2007

To prevent deterioration of agricultural products during cold transportation, optimized temperature control is essential. Because the control of temperature and thermal uniformity of transported products are mainly governed by cooling air flow pattern in the transportation equipment, the accurate understanding and removal of appearance of stagnant air zone by poor ventilation is key to design of optimized cooling environment. The objectives of this study were to develop simulation model to predict the airflow and heat transfer phenomena in the cold container and to evaluate the effect of fan blowing velocity on the temperature level and uniformity of products using the CFD approach. Comparison of CFD prediction with PIV measurement showed that RSM turbulent model reveals the more reasonable results than standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. The increment of fan blowing velocity improved the temperature uniformity of product and reduced almost linearly the averaged temperature of product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.413-422
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• 1993

Air shipment affords the quickest possible delivery of horticultural products. The price of air shipped horticultural products are relatively high as most of these products are perishable. Usually the temperature in the cargo compartment is not controlled during flight. Thus, special attention should be paid to procooling prior to shipment. The environmental condition during transportation of horticultural products is an essential parameter for maintaining the quality of perishable products. Commonly horticultural products were loaded by ULD(Unit Load Devices) as a container or pallet in the aircraft (except for small aircraft) . Therefore, inside temperature of the container and cargo compartment came into question. Scarce literature on the relationship between environmental condition and quality changes of horticultural products during air shipment can be found. By the stand point of keeping fresh quality, investigations on the actual condition of air shipments were carried out to improve the technique during the distribution process of fresh horticultural products. Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide, ethylene, impacts, and changes in quality during the air shipment of snapbeans, okras and chrysanthemums were measured. Temperature was measured by recording thermometers, relative humidity by recording hygrometers, atmospheric pressure by a strain -guage type pressure sensor, carbon dioxide by testing tubes, ethylene by sampling bags and a gaschromatograph, impacts and vibrations by impact recorders and a 3D accelerometer. Relationships between environmental conditions and quality changes during air shipments were clarified. It was expected from investigations into actual shipments that the ventilation and insulation properties of air freight containers were related to the quality of agricultural products. Aircraft can no directly load and unload trucks into them. The transshipment is inclined to cause shocks and vibrations, and to invite damages within a short time.