• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2022

Despite the impressive development of water infrastructure and management in recent decades, Korea still faces a number of threats to water security owing to such factors as climate change. This puts the country at the top spot amongst the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of water stress. It is suggested that increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water and land savings and in extension, to increased water and land security. This study therefore aimed at analyzing the impact of virtual water import through food trade on the water and land savings in Korea. It was concluded that over the period 2000 - 2017, significant amounts of national water and land was saved through the importation of major upland crops. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products. The results showed a significant increase in the amount of virtual water traded over the study period.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2020

This experiment was performed to determine the concentration of coconut water that is most effective in promoting the growth of 'Maehyang' strawberry in tissue culture. Cultivars in this experiment consisted of 'Maehyang' grown in the presence of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ml·L^-1 of coconut water which was added to a medium mixed with BA 0.5 mg·L^-1 and IBA 0.1 mg·L^-1. Morphological variation tests and SSR detection with coconut water were conducted to determine variations in proliferation. The proliferation rate of 'Maehyang' strawberry improved with the coconut water treatment compared to non-treatment. In particular, the proliferation rate with 100 ml·L^-1 coconut water treatment increased by about 4 times. When 'Maeyang' was treated with 100 ml·L^-1 of coconut water, two morphological variants occurred without genetic variation. Therefore, the results suggest that 100 ml·L^-1 of coconut water can be used to mass-produce "Maeyang" strawberry without causing genetic variations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

In national prospective, the needs to develop water resources has been increased due to water shortage from diverse use of water resources in agricultural areas. Existing agricultural water demand, which has mainly been limited to the use of farming, are now expanding to diverse water uses such as supporting daily lives, diluting environmental pollution as well as industrial use for agricultural complex currently under construction in agricultural region. In this situation, for the sake of effective procurement of water resources and supply method, it is definitely required to enhance the effectiveness of budget investment and project proceedings through integrated re-development which links projects to strengthen existing dams, reservoirs and hydraulic facilities. The major scopes of this research includes developing different types of system such as selecting potential sites to re-construct reservoirs including generating base maps and thematic maps, data collection regarding water demands and reservoir status; analyzing reservoir data; estimating developable capacity and index calculation; and forecasting inundated areas. In addition, this study provides other products such as developing output generation system which can support wide use of data built and analyzed; database generation for better data management; data analysis including selection, extraction, indexation, and calculation of base items through standardization; data security system prohibiting exterior proliferation and malicious manufacturing of data.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

A wind-heat generation system was developed and the system consisted of an electric motor, a heat generation drum, a heat exchanger, two circulation pumps and a water storage tank. The heat generation drum is an essential element determining performance of the system. Frictional heat was generated by rotation of a rotor in the drum filled with a working fluid, and the heat stored in the fluid was used to increase water temperature through the heat exchanger. Effects of some factors such as rotor shape, kind and amount of working fluid, rotor rpm and water flow rate in the heat exchanger, affecting the system performance were investigated. Amounts of heat generated were varied, ranging from 126,000 to 32,760 kJ/hr, depending on combination of the factors. Statistical analysis using GLM procedure revealed that the most influential factor to decide the system performance was amount of the fluid in the drum. Experiments showed that the faster the speed of the rotor, the greater heat was obtained. The greatest efficiency of the heat generation system, electric power consumption rate vs gained heat amount of water, was about 70%. Though the heat amount was not enough for plant bed heating of a 0.1-ha greenhouse, the system would be promising if some supplementary heat source such as air- water heat pump is added.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1382-1391
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• 2021

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of different forms of iron including myoglobin, hemin, and ferric chloride on the quality of chicken breast meat. Methods: Chicken breast muscles were subjected to 1, 2, 3 mg/mL of FeCl₃, myoglobin and hemin treatment respectively, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, meat color, tenderness, water holding capacity and morphology of meat was evaluated. Results: Hemin was found to produce more ROS and induce greater extent of lipid oxidation than myoglobin and ferric chloride. However, it showed that hemin could significantly increase the redness and decrease the lightness of the muscle. Hemin was also shown to be prominent in improving water holding capacity of meat, maintaining a relatively higher level of the immobilized water from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Morphology observation by hematoxylin-eosin staining further confirmed the results that hemin preserved the integrity of the muscle. Conclusion: The results indicated that hemin may have economic benefit for the industry based on its advantage in improving water holding capacity and quality of meat.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1999

Over 2,000 ha of rice fields in the western and southern coastal region of Korea were flooded with sea water during the spring tide, on August 19-21, 1997, and the rice plant at heading stage was injured. The field surveys were undertaken at the sea water flooded paddy fields in Chonbuk Province, to identify the injury symptoms and rice yield damage subjected to different flooding condition and desalinization methods. Five days after sea water flooding at heading stage, the flag leaves of rice plants flooded with 30 ㎝ deep sea water withered from the tip, the withering progressed to the lower leaves in deeper flooding. The spikelets were spotted black and discolored from the tip at 50 ㎝ deep flooded rice, and some panicles changed to white at 80 ㎝ deep flooded rice. Most of the rice leaves submerged completely for an hour were withered and most of panicles changed to white. The milled rice yield, percentage of ripened grain, and 1000 grain weight of flooded rice decreased with deeper flooding water, higher water salinity and longer flooding time. Even under the same flooding conditions, the damage of rice yield varied with the growth stage: heading stage>dough stage>booting stage. Rice yield damage was less in the fields on the upper riverside than those of the fields on the estuary and seaside, because of lower water salinity. In a flooded field, the rice yield damages were reduced as the distance increased from the levees where the sea water inflowed and increased as the distance increased from the fresh water irrigation gate. The desalinization treatments consisting of frequent exchange of irrigation water and spraying with fresh water soon after flooding effectively reduced the rice yield damage.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.74-82
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• 2002

There are two major operation and management (O & M) systems in Korea, one by the Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation (KARICO), a government corporation, and the other by non-KARICO, which includes Irrigation associations (IAs) and individual farmers under the supervision of city or county authorities. Main issues and constraints in the irrigation facility management are: (1) The dual system of the irrigation water management system; management by KARICO and that by IAs, and (2) From the commencement of KAICO in 2000, farmers were exempted from water charge. This is opposite to the international trend, which follows' user pay principle: Main specific strategies to improve irrigation management system are: (1) Introduction of water metering for water charge as well as water conservation, (2) Adoption of demand-oriented irrigation rather than supply-oriented to reduce waste of water, (3) To augment farmer's participation by forming water user associations, (4) To maintain consistency of government policy, (5) To promote roles of local governments, and (6) To reestablish the role of KARICO.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2000

Recently a strong request for the improvement in irrigation water management in order to flexibly meet the spacial and time changes of water demand for agricultural and other uses by saving agricultural water. Thereby, the purpose of this study is to design of Basin Water Management Program(BWMP). BWMP is operate with Open Control System. Accordingly, BMWP is easy to acquire data and control irrigation and drainage facilities. BWMP are consist of Data Base Management System(DBMS) and Model System. DBMS make it possible to analyze data related with planing for water schedul and establish database. Model System are calculate reservoir inflow, reservoir effluent and basin water demand. Finally, operator is decide reservoir operation in consider of Model System and DBMS. BWMP might be nicely adapted to the planning and decision for saving water.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

Water footprint is defined as the total volume of direct and indirect water used to produce a good and service by consumer or producer, and measured at the point of production based on virtual water concept. The green and blue water footprint refers to the volume of the rainwater and the irrigation water consumed, respectively. Crop water footprint is expected to be used as the basic data for agricultural water resources policies at production, consumption and trade aspect. Thus, it is necessary to estimate suitable green and blue water footprint for South Korea. The objective of this paper is to quantify the green and blue water footprint and usage of upland crops during the period 2001-2010. To estimate the water footprint, 43 upland crop production quantity and harvested area data were collected for 10 years and FAO Penman-Monteith equation was adopted for calculating crop water requirement. As the results, the water footprint of cereals, vegetables, fruits and oil crops accounted for 1,994, 165, 605, and 4,226 $m^3/ton$, respectively. The usage of water footprint for crop production has been estimated at 3,499 (green water) and 216 (blue water) $Mm^3/yr$ on average showing a tendency to decrease. Fruits and vegetables have the largest share in the green water usage, consuming about 1,200 and 1,060 $Mm^3/yr$ which are about 65 % of gross usage. The results of this study are expected to be understood by the agricultural water footprint as well as by the total water footprint from both a production and consumption perspective in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

In this study, an experiment with large-scale model was performed according to raising embankment in order to investigate the cause of collapse by a change in water level of reservoir. Also, the settlement and pore water pressure by high water level and a rapid drawdown were compared and analyzed. After raising embankment for inclined core, there was no infiltration by leakage. For the vertical core, the pore water pressure showed a largely change by faster infiltration of pore water than in the inclined core. In a rapid drawdown, inclined core was remained stable but vertical core showed a largely change in pore water pressure. A settlement after a raising embankment showed a larger measure of settlement than before the raising embankment. The leakage quantity before a raising embankment and an inclined extension showed no leakage. Leakage in vertical extension was measured 160 $l$. From the result, a instrument system that can accurately estimate a change of pore water pressure shall be established for a rational maintenance and stabilization of raising embankment for agricultural reservoir.