• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to find out high antioxidant activity varieties of chinese matrimony from the 131 accessions which conserved at Cheongyang Gugija Experiment Station. The status of the 131 accessions were composed 21 of local varieties, 20 of introduced species and 90 of improved races. The anti-oxidant activity using DPPH and $IC_{50}$, 45 accessions out of 90 showed high activity in free radical scavenging ability as less than $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in improved races, while nine and six accessions from the introduced species and local varieties, respectively. At the stem part, the highest three anti-oxidant varieties among 131 accessions are "C0148-94", "D0148-72" and "Cheongdae", while China collection 1 in leaf part. Since "Cheongdae" is the progeny from the "Cheongyang Jaerae 5" and "Myungan" and those two varieties, "C0148-94" and "D0148-72" are from the Myungan and Cheongdae, high anti-oxidant activity can be inherited in Chinese matrimony vine.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 1978

Uptake and distribution of labelled urea, $NH{_4}^+$, and $NO{_3}^-$ by Tongil and Jinheung rice grown with each nitrogen source until ear formation stage under water culture system were as follows. 1. When the previous nitrogen source was same as one tested the uptake rate ($mg^{15}N/g$ d.w. root 2hrs, at $28^{\circ}C$ light) was great in the order of $NH_4$ >urea> $NO_3$ and higher (especially $NH_4$) in Tongil than in Jinheung. Rate limiting step (slowest) seems to be exist at R (root)${\rightarrow}$LS(leaf sheath) for urea, LS${\rightarrow}$LB(leaf blade) for $NH_4$ and M(medium)${\rightarrow}$R for $NO_3$. The fast step of translocation appeare to be at M${\rightarrow}$R for urea R${\rightarrow}$LS for $NH_4$ and LS${\rightarrow}$LB for $NO_3$. 2. The uptake rate of $NH_4$ by the urea-fed plant increased almost linearly from $18^{\circ}C$ via $28^{\circ}C$ to $38^{\circ}C$ in Tongil ($Q_{10}$=1.21 and 1.32 respectively) while no change in Jinheung ($Q_{10}$=0.99 and 1.00 respectively). It decreased by 12% in Jinheung under dark but uo change in Tongil. 3. The uptake rate of nitrogen source by different source-fed plant was great in the order of $NH_4{\rightarrow}^{15}NO_3$ $NO_3{\rightarrow}^{15}NH_4$, $urea{\rightarrow}^{15}NO_3$ and higher (especially $NH_4{\rightarrow}^{15}NO_3$) in Tongil. In the case of $urea{\rightarrow}^{15}NH_4$ it was same in $NH_4{\rightarrow}^{15}NO_3$ for Tongil and slightly lower than that in $NO_3{\rightarrow}^{15}NH_4$ for Jinheung. It was lower (especially Tongil) in $NH_4{\rightarrow}^{15}NO_3$ than in $NH_4{\rightarrow}^{15}NH_4 $ 4. The uptake rate (in $NH_4{\rightarrow}^{15}NO_3$) was higher during 15 minutes than during 2 hours and always higher in Tongil. 5. $^{15}N$ excess % and content in each part, and uptake rate of root seems to have their own significance relatling with metabolism and translocation respectively. The change of nitrogen nutritional environment and source preference of varieties were discussed in relation to field condition and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate chemical composition and meat quality of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC). Ninety 1-d male chicks were used in this work and were divided into 4 groups as A: (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains (male), B: (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type S strains (male), C: (KNC native R strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains (male), D: (KNC native L strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) (female) $\times$ Ross broiler (male) strains. They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and twenty seven chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. Chicken thigh and breast were weighed and physicochemical compositions and sensory characteristics were investigated. Physical compositions of meats have no difference among strains at 5 week, and B strains differed from other strains at 10 week (P<0.05). The pH, moisture, and collagen content of meat from B strains were lower than other strains at 5 week. Ash and collagen of A strains were the lowest at 10 week (P<0.05), but others have no difference among strains. In sensory test, juiciness of D strains was the highest at 5 week, and tenderness of B strains was the lowest at 10 week (P<0.05). In conclusion, the crossbreeding of KNC did not affect physical traits but affected chemical composition of the chicken meat slaughtered at 5 week.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.818-824
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• 2003

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were performed to discriminate astragalus roots (Astragalus membranaceus) according to geographical origin (domestic or foreign). Two-hundred-and-four astragalus roots were extracted with 30% methanol in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) and separated in a uncoated fused-silica $(50\;{\mu}m{\times}27\;cm)$ capillary. Conditions for optimal analysis included: temperature $-45^{\circ}C$, voltage -14 kV, and pressure injection time -8 sec. The optimal separation buffer was 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 40 mM hexane sulfonic acid with 20% 2-methoxy ethanol. Raw NIR spectra were obtained using NIRS, and modified partial least square regression was used to develop the prediction model. The correlation coefficient and standard error of prediction were 0.915 and 14.3%, respectively. Under the optimal conditions established for CE and NIRS, the geographical origins of the astragalus roots were correctly identified in 80 and 97%, respectively. Astragalus roots that were not discriminated by NIRS were correctly discriminated by CE. Hence, CE and NIRS are potential methods for discriminating the geographical origins of astragalus roots that complement one another.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.387-397
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• 2023

Plant height is a growth parameter that provides visible insights into the plant's growth status and has a high correlation with yield, so it is widely used in crop breeding and cultivation research. Investigation of the growth characteristics of crops such as plant height has generally been conducted directly by humans using a ruler, but with the recent development of sensing and image analysis technology, research is being attempted to digitally convert growth measurement technology to efficiently investigate crop growth. In this study, the canopy height of rice grown at various nitrogen fertilization levels was measured using a laser scanner capable of precise measurement over a wide range, and a comparative analysis was performed with the actual plant height. As a result of comparing the point cloud data collected with a laser scanner and the actual plant height, it was confirmed that the estimated plant height measured based on the average height of the top 1% points showed the highest correlation with the actual plant height (R² = 0.93, RMSE = 2.73). Based on this, a linear regression equation was derived and used to convert the canopy height measured with a laser scanner to the actual plant height. The rice growth curve drawn by combining the actual and estimated plant height collected by various nitrogen fertilization conditions and growth period shows that the laser scanner-based canopy height measurement technology can be effectively utilized for assessing the plant height and growth of rice. In the future, 3D images derived from laser scanners are expected to be applicable to crop biomass estimation, plant shape analysis, etc., and can be used as a technology for digital conversion of conventional crop growth assessment methods.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to find out the some physiological characteristics and nitrogen fixation activities under free-living conditions of indigenous rhizobia isolated from soybean-cultivated (30 fields) and un-cultivated (30 fields) soil. The results were summerized as follows: 1. In free-living condition, only 12.8% and 6.4% of the indigenous rhizobia isolated from soybean cultivated (133 strains) and un-cultivated (125 strains) soils were nitrogenase positive as more than 4 n mole $C_2H_4$ per tube per hour by acetylene reduction assay. 2. The acid-producing rhizobia on litmus milk test was observed to be 20% of the total 160 strains isolated from soybean cultivated soil but about 34% of 166 strains isolated from un-cultivated soil. And the serum zone positive strains were higher in the soybean un-cultivated soil than cultivated soil. 3. The population ratio of fast-to slow-growing indigenous rhizobia based on growth pattern of AMA medium was 35.6% to 64.4% of the total 346 strains. 4. The population of indigenous Rhizobium japonicum counted by MPN method was ranged from $9.2{\times}10^2$ cells per gram of soil in soybean un-cultivated soil to $2.3{\times}10^4$ cells per gram of soil soybean cultivated soil. The number of indigenous R. japonicum in 0-10cm depth of surface layer was higher than low layer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.761-767
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effects of exogenous zinc-metallothionein (Zn-MT) on anti-oxidative function and pork quality. After feeding a corn-soybean meal-based diet for two weeks, 48 pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Chinese\;Black Pig$) were assigned randomly to four groups. Pigs in Group 1 were maintained under non-stress conditions, whereas pigs in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were aggressively handled for 25 min to produce stress. Pigs in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received intramuscular administration of saline (control group; CON), 0 (negative control group; NCON), 0.8 (low dose group; LOW), and 1.6 (high dose group; HIGH) mg rabbit liver Zn-MT per kg body weight, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered at 3 and 6 h post-injection. Zn-MT treatment increased (p<0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) while decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver. These responses were greater (p<0.05) at 6 h than at 3 h post Zn-MT injection. Zn-MT treatment increased (p<0.05) hepatic SOD mRNA levels in a time and dose-dependent manner and decreased (p<0.05) serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (indicators of tissue integrity). Zn-MT administration decreased (p<0.05) lactate concentration and increased (p<0.05) pH and water-holding capacity in the longissimus thorasis meat. Collectively, our results indicate that intramuscular administration of Zn-MT to pre-slaughter stressed pigs improved tissue anti-oxidative ability and meat quality.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

This study was performed in order to apply to effective breeding of Korean native cattle on the molecular genetic level obtained from PCR and nucleotide sequencing analysis of BoLA DRB3 exon2 that has important roles in host immune defence. Genomic DNA used in this study was prepared from the blood of Korean native cattle in Korean Native Cattle Improvement Center of National Livestock Cooperation. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. Genomic DNA extracted from the blood of Korean native cattle was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel. Major band was bigger than 12.2kb, indicating that genomic DNA was well prepared for PCR. Amplified products of 284bp fragments was obtained the amplification of BoLA DRB3 exon2 gene by PCR. 2. Cloning of BoLA DRB3 exon2 of Korean native cattle with pCR2.1 vector was conformed by 300bp fragment from recombinent plasmid that restricted with enzyme digestion of EcoRI. 3. Homology of BoLA DRB3 exon2 alleles of parent was 82.0% between sire's alleles and 90.1% between dam's alleles. 4. In pedigree analysis using BoLA DRB3 exon2 gene, sequencing result of BoLA DRB3 exon2 genes showed inheritance by Mendelian mode through the parents to their offspring. 5. Taking together those experimental results, pedigree was confirmed on the basis of sequencing for the alleles of parents and offspring. This knowledge by the molecular biological approach could be served for the improvement of Korean native cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2003

This study was carried out to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the loin from pigs fed biotite. Control was fed diet for piglets and growing pigs, and treatments were fed diet supplemented 1.25% and 1.75% biotite to piglet diet and to growing pigs, respectively. Ratio of carcass grade A was shown as 27.8% and 50% in control group and treatment, respectively. And that of carcass grade A and B was appeared as 52.8% in control and 80% in treatment. The control group showed higher value of water and protein content than treatment. However, fat and ash content of treatment were higher than those of control. Treatment showed lower value than control in shear force and cooking loss, and was higher than control in pH value(p<0.05). L*, a* and b* value of control in meat color were lower than those of treatments. Treatments group was shown lower value than control group in textural gumminess and brittleness. In the sensory test of fresh meat, there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. However, intramuscular fat content and overall acceptability of control were more or less lower than its of treatment. In cooked meat, the meat color of control was lower than those of treatments. Control group was shown higher saturated fatty acid value than treatment group. However, the poly unsaturated fatty acid, essential fatty acid, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were low.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.265-275
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the nutritional ingredients of drone pupae (16^th to 20^th instar old) to evaluate the value of bee products and provide basic data for product diversification, and the extracts prepared using these pupae were tested for physiological activity. According to the analysis of the general ingredients of the freeze-dried powder of these bee pupae, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash was 1.69 ± 0.07%, 48.52 ± 0.20%, 23.41 ± 0.14%, and 4.05 ± 0.02%, respectively. Vitamin C and vitamin E were 14.92 ± 0.52 mg/100 g and 6.06 ± 0.11 mg α-TE/100 g, respectively. Regarding minerals, the highest content of K (1349.13 ± 34.57 mg/100 g) and P (1323.55 ± 43.85 mg/100 g) was observed and Ca and Fe were 55.43 ± 1.51 mg/100 g and 5.49 ± 0.19 mg/100 g, respectively. The fatty acids of the water extracted freeze-dried pupae powder accounted for approximately 59.62 of saturated fatty acids and 40.38 of unsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0) was 35.49 ± 0.08 and oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) was 35.91 ± 0.22 (g/100 g total fatty acids). The total amino acid content was 38.99 ± 2.63 g/100 g and the free amino acid was a total of 5129.04 mg/100 g, of which 1257.68 mg/100 g was proline and 759.12 mg/100 g glutamic acid. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the drone pupae extract showed values of 0.8 for distilled water extract, 3.2 for 50% EtOH extract, 6.4 for 70% EtOH extract, and approximately 90% for 32 ㎍/mL for 100% EtOH extract. These results suggest that the main compound contributing to the antioxidant activity is a polar compound, and it is highly likely to be a low-molecular protein or a free amino acid. In conclusion, the honey bee drone pupa is excellent as a food resource and can be utilized as a new functional material for food and functional food.