• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.643-678
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 5 16 군정기 지방행정의 많은 환경변화 속에서 각 도가 추진한 '모범부락조성사업'을 통해 초기 농촌마을개발사업에 대한 모습, 특히 지방행정이 사업의 주체가 되기 위해 추진한 방법을 검토하여 시사점을 찾는데 있다. 군정기(1961~1963) 지방행정은 시군을 기초자치단체로 하는 행정체계 개편, 국가기획제도 도입, 지방세제 개편, 새로운 농촌기구 설립으로 인한 농촌지도 다원화 등의 여러 변화요인을 맞게 되었다. 이러한 환경 속에서 지역의 개발행정 주축은 지방자치단체로 옮겨져 갔고, 각 도는 '보고가는 마을(전북)', '빛나는 마을(충남)'등의 각종 명칭으로 모범부락조성사업을 추진하였다. 또한 내무부는 지역개발의 장기적인 종합계획으로서 군 건설계획의 작성과 추진을 지시하였다. 본 연구는 국가 정책을 중심으로 한 농촌지역개발사에서 도 단위의 지방사를 발굴하고 이를 지방행정 환경변화와 연계하여 분석하였다는 측면에서 향후 관련 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2003

배지내의 양어장 폐수 슬러지(aquafarm waste water sludge, AWWS)의 농도가 고추 공정묘의 생장에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사한 결과, 파종후 20일째와 파종후 40일째 조사의 경향에 약간 차이는 있었으나 생체중, 건물중, 엽면적, 초장 및 엽록소 함량은 배지내에 첨가된 AWWS의 농도가 높을수록 양호하였다. 그러나 건물률, 엽수 및 최대근장은 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 대조구에서 보다도 슬러지 처리구에서 pH는 증가하고 EC는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또 AWWS의 함량이 증가할수록 변화의 폭이 작아졌음에도 불구하고 생장은 AWWS 함량이 증가할수록 양호해 육모후의 정식시의 생장도 우수하리라 기대된다. 배지내의 AWWS의 함량이 토마토 공정묘의 생장에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사한 결과, 고추와 마찬가지로 파종후 20일째와 파종후 40일째의 경향에 약간 차이는 있었으나 생체중, 건물중, 엽수, 엽면적, 초장 및 엽록소 함량은 배지내에 첨가된 AWWS의 농도가 높을수록 양호하였다. 그러나 건물률 및 최대근장은 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 대조구에서 보다도 슬러지 처리구에서 pH는 증가하고 EC는 감소하여 고추 공정묘에서와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 액비를 사용한 대조구와 4kg AWWS${\cdot}45L^{-1}$ 배지 함유수(슬러지 4)에서의 전반적인 생장이 비슷하였다. AWWS를 육묘용 배지에 혼합하여 사용시 육묘시 액비에 절감과 시비 노동력의 감소로 인한 생산비의 절감을 실현할 수 있고 묘의 생장속도의 증가로 인한 육모기간의 단축이 가능하다고 생각된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.308-319
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• 2016

온실의 냉난방시스템 설계 기준에 적용하기 위한 외부기상조건을 설정하기 위하여 난방 설계용 외기온, 난방 degree-hour, 냉방 설계용 건구온도, 습구온도, 일사량을 분석하여 제시하였다. 우리나라 전 지역을 대상으로 현재 기상청에서 제공하는 기후평년값 기준인 1981~2010년까지 30년간의 매 시각 기상자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 표준기상데이터의 이용이 제한적이기 때문에 30년간의 전체 기상자료를 이용하여 설계용 기상조건을 구하고, 전체 자료기간의 평균값을 설계기준으로 제시하였다. TAC 방식으로 위험률 1, 2.5, 5%에 대한 설계용 기상자료를 분석하고, 설계기준에서 추천하고 있는 난방용은 위험률 1%, 냉방용은 위험률 2.5%의 기상조건 분포도를 제시하였다. 지역별, 위험률별 및 설정온도별로 최대난방부하, 기간난방부하 및 최대냉방부하의 변화를 고찰하였다. 제시된 각종 설계용 기상조건은 온실의 냉난방시스템 설계에 직접 이용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 냉난방 설비 보강이나 에너지 절감대책의 수립에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 한편 기후변화로 인하여 최근 여름철 폭염이나 겨울철 이상고온 현상이 자주 발생하고 있으므로 주기적인 설계용 기상자료의 분석이 필요하고, 최소한 10년 주기로 설계기준을 개정할 필요가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 현재 기후평년값 기준인 1981~2010년까지의 기상자료를 분석하였으나 이 기준이 1991~2020년으로 바뀌는 2021년에는 즉시 이 기간의 기상자료를 분석하여 새로운 설계기준으로 제공해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The purposes of the study were to identify satisfaction and achievement of learning by female learner's characteristics, and to suggest measures to improve quality of education in internet education programs. In order to determine the educational effectiveness associated with the characteristics of learners, this study attempted to employ two way approaches by observing the degree of achievement for learning, which represents an instructor-oriented approach, and the degree of satisfaction for education, which represents a learner-oriented approach to enhance the quality of internet education for female learners. As an approach to evaluate the educational effectiveness, the degree of achievement in learning(Tyler's classical approach), and the degree of satisfaction for education (Scriven's consumer-oriented evaluation model) were utilized. A survey form was developed by the researcher after reviewing the various tools originated from Boshier, Cross, Gagne and Choi, and distributed to a panel of judges that examined the content validity of the instrument. The sample for the study consisted of 160 female learners from three universities in Seoul and capital area, and the survey form was used to collect data for this study. The SPSS WIN program was used in analyzing the data and a series of statistical tests were conducted including frequency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, and factor analysis. The statistical significance level was 0.05. The following conclusion were drawn from this study of female internet education. First, it was evident that female internet learners tend to utilize information from internet, and this can be interpreted as participants' positive attitude, and voluntary participation. Second, educational facilities and services should be improved in the future, because the level of satisfaction was low in these areas compared to curriculum and educational methodology. Third, the participating factors influenced by the level of satisfaction for education of learner characteristics were the 'formation of inter-personal relationship and willingness to change' and the 'needs for education on internet', thus appeared that both social and educational needs influenced the level of satisfaction for education. Fourth, the degree of achievement in learning was higher in the order of 1) attitude 2) function 3) knowledge, thus, attitude change was the most important in achievement of learning. Fifth, the individual background that influenced the level of achievement in learning were age and educational experience. As for the individual level of achievement for learning, the younger and more educated group were more satisfied.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한 칠 FTA 이후 시설포도 재배농가들이 가온시기를 늦추는 요인을 알아보기 위해 2004년부터 2016년까지 작형 변화 패널 데이터를 이용하여 분석하였다. 패널로지스틱모형에 대한 분석결과 시설포도 재배면적에 대한 추정계수는 0.0002로 10% 유의수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났고, 포도 수입량에 대한 추정계수는 1.4258로 1% 유의수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 지역더미에 대한 추정계수는 0.808로 5% 유의수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 재배면적이 많은 농가일수록, 포도 수입량이 증가할수록, 상대적으로 추운 중북부지역일수록 가온시기를 뒤로 미루게 될 확률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 정부에서는 포도의 수입량 증가로 인한 시설포도농가의 피해를 줄이기 위해 FTA 피해보전직접지불 폐업지원을 하고 있어 시설포도농가의 피해를 다소나마 줄일 수 있지만, 이것은 궁극적인 대책이 되지는 않을 것이다. 포도 소비변화에 적절하게 대응하기 위해서는 품종 갱신, 가온비용 절감을 위한 농자재 지원, 비닐하우스 시설현대화를 통한 에너지 효율 증대 및 비용 절감 등의 다양한 지원책이 필요할 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2006

경상남도 창원시 대산면에 위치하는 강변여과수 개발을 위한 충적층 지하수의 수질특성과 변화양상을 조사하였다. 지하수의 총용존고형물(TDS)은 3월에 비해 3월에 상당히 낮은 값을 보이며, 관측정에서 나타난 계절에 따른 용존산소 농도 변화 역시 강우의 함양으로 인한 지하수의 희석현상이 원인으로 판단된다. 충적층 지하수의 철(Fe)과 망간 (Mn)에 의한 오염현상은 지하수의 심도에 따른 용존산소의 감소에 따른 환원환경의 발생에 기인하며, 철은 비정질의 산화침전물이, 망간은 $MnCO_3$와 같은 탄산염 광물들이 주요 반응물질로 나타났다. 질산성질소$(NO_3-N)$에 의한 오염현상은 지하수 채취 심도에서의 산화환원 환경과 탈질반응이 중요한 역할을 한다. 질산성질소의 불규칙한 분포는 질산성질소가 관측지점 주변의 충적층의 농업시설에서 유입된 것을 지시한다. 연구부지의 관측정들 중 DS-2, D-2, DS-3, SJ-1 및 SJ-3은 주 대수층인 모래/자갈층을 관통하지 못해서, 취수정의 수질변화를 감시하는 모니터링 기능이 제한될 수 밖에 없었다. 나아가, 강변여과수 시설부지에서는, 적어도 여과부지로 사용되는 충적층에 대해서는 농업활동의 제한 등 적절한 오염방지대책이 시행되어야 한다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.210-218
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• 2000

Since the SSC(soluble solid contents) and titratable acidity of fruit are highly concerned to the taste, the need for measuring them by non-destructive technology such as NIR(Visual and Near-infrared) spectroscopy is increasing. Specially, in order to grade the quality of each fruit with a sorter at sorting and packing facilities, technologies for online measurement satisfying the tolerance in terms of accuracy and speed should be developed. Many researches have been done to develop devices to measure the internal qualities of fruit such as SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. with the VIS(Visual)/NIR(Near Infrared) reflectance spectra. The distributions of the SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. are different with respect to the position and depth of fruit, and generally the VIS/NIR light can interact with fruit in a few millimeters of pathlength, and it is very difficult to measure the qualities of inner flesh of fruit. Therefore, to measure the average concentrations of each quality factor such as SSC and titratable acidity with the reflectance-type NIR devices, the spectra of fruit at several positions should be measured. Recently, the interest about the transmittance-type VIS/NIR devices is increasing. NIR light can penetrate through the fruit about 1/10-1/1,000,000 %. Therefore, very intensive light source and very sensitive sensor should be adopted to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit. The ultimate purpose of this study was to develop a device to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear, peach, etc. With the transmittance-type VIS/NIR device, the feasibility of measurement of the SSC and titratable acidity in intact fruit cultivated in Korea was tested. The results are summarized as follows; A simple measurement device which can measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit was constructed with sample holder, two 500W-tungsten halogen lamps, a real-time spectrometer having a very sensitive CCD array sensor and optical fiber probe. With the device, it was possible to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear and peach. Main factors affecting the intensity of transmitted light spectra were the size of sample, the radiation intensity of light source and the integration time of the detector. Sample holder should be designed so that direct light leakage to the probe could be protected. Preprocessing method to the raw spectrum data significantly influenced the performance of the nondestructive measurement of SSC and titratable acidity of intact fruit. Representative results of PLS models in predicting the SSC of peach were SEP of 0.558 Brix% and R2 of 0.819, and those in predicting titratable acidity were SEP of 0.056% and R2 of 0.655.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2015

In Korea, 69.4 % of duck farms had utilized conventional plastic greenhouses. In this facilities, there are difficulties in controlling indoor environments for raising duck. High rearing density in duct farms also made the environmental control difficult resulting in getting more stressed making their immune system weaker. Therefore, a facility is needed to having structurally enough solidity and high efficiency on the environmental control. So, new design plans of duck house have recently been conducted by National Institute of Animal Science in Korea. As a study in advance to establish standard, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to estimate the aerodynamic problems according to the designs by means of overall and regional ventilation efficiencies quantitatively and qualitatively. Tracer gas decay (TGD) method was used to calculate ventilation rate according to the structural characteristics of duck houses including installation of indoor circulation fan. The results showed that natural ventilation rate was averagely 164 % higher than typically designed ventilation rate, 1 AER ($min^{-1}$). Meanwhile, mechanically ventilated duck houses made 81.2 % of summer ventilation rate requirement. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new duck house considering more structural safety as well as higher efficiency of environmental control.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1982

Engineering phase of dairy housing systems has close connection with the milk produc- tivity of dairy cattle, the quality of milk, extension of dairy production systems, labor- saving in management of dairy cattle and the like. Moreover, the rate of investment of dairy housing facilities is of relatively high level, However, there has been almost no research effort for the improvement of engineering aspects of dairy housing systems in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find out general engineering problems and to recomm- end the improvement in dairy housing systems in Korea. Field survey by means of questionaire, direct measurements, taking pictures and sketching was conducted to get necessary information for the study. Kyung-ki Do region was firstly chosen for sampling area since it has included more than half of the number of dairy farms of the whole country. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In overall dairy farm layout, the dwellings of workers were ignored in the light of sanitary environment 2. The layout of stalls in a dairy barn belongs mostly to the type of double-row face-out, which is compatible with the emphasis of manure disposal activities. 3. While the width and length of stalls were sufficiently close to the standard dimension, the width of mangers was much less than the standard dimension. 4. The width and depth of manure gutters and the width of working alleys were much. less than the standard dimension. 5. The mooring equipment was mostly in the classes of chain or rope. The watering equipment was not facilitated independantly except the one cese of using watercup. 6. The bucket milkers with one or two bucket milkers with the capacity of two cattles. each were used as milking equipment in most dairy farms. 7. There were only few milk rooms independently spaced from other space, in which the arrangement of milking equipment was much less than the standard condition. 8. The lounging ground area was averaged to be sufficient for the activity of dairy herd. 9. Silos for silage used during winter consisted of mostly bunker silos, trench silos and underground vertical silos. Ordinary vertical silos were considered for the farmers to be inconvenient for the labor saving. 10. From the view point of heat conservation and moisture removal within the dairy barns, windows were not flexible for the easy ventilation and ceiling part was not adequate for temperatur maintenance. 11. Waste treatment and disposal systems were not provided with most dairy farms, therefore the livestock waste pollution problems would be serious in the near future.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

Thermal stress of pigs causes decreased feed consumption and weight gain rate, immunosuppression, reproductive disorders, and increased mortality. The concept of the temperature-humidity index (THI) has been widely used to evaluate the degree of thermal stress of pigs. However, use of this concept is strongly restricted for animals living in the enclosed facilities. In this study, Building Energy Simulation (BES) technique was used to realize the energy flow among outside weather conditions, building materials, and animals. Especially, mechanisms of sensible and latent heat generation from pigs according to surrounding air temperature and their weight were designed to accurately evaluate the THI values inside the pig house. The THI values computed by the BES model were compared to those calculated by method of the report (NIAS, 2016), the model of this study predicted the start date of heat stress about 9~76 days earlier compared to the NIAS model. Results of the BES model also showed higher frequencies of the THI above the THI threshold for pigs, indicating that conventional model has a possibility of underestimating the degree of heat stress of pigs.