• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2018

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), a cyclic hypothalamic peptide composed of 17 amino acids, was initially identified in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as a regulator of pigmentation. Mammalian MCHs are cyclic hypothalamic peptides composed of 19 amino acids that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. The present study examined not only MCH expression of different tissues but also the melanohore aggregation and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx of fMCH and the other MCH. Real-time qPCR showed that MCH expressed specially in the brain, gonad, and ovary, and expression of MCH was observed during the developmental stages. In the application of synthetic fMCH and both types of synthetic fMCH, dN-fMCH and dC-fMCH, scale melanophore induced significant changes in aggregation activity with various concentrations of MCH. Also, compared to hMCH and sMCH, fMCH exhibited a 36~99.85% increase in relative potency (%), whereas aggregation of dN-fMCH and dC-fMCH remained in a high concentration. However, dispersion was induced rapidly according to be low concentration of dN-fMCH and dC-fMCH. We show that fMCH and its derivates were bound human MCHR1 and rat MCHR expressed in HEK293T cells with nano-molar affinity and are likely to be ligand-induced to mobilize intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. These results may provide new ligands for binding assay with MCHew ligands, as a structure similar to the mammalian MCH structure was discovered in fish. Once the fMCH receptor system is in place, it can be compared to the MCH system of mammals in terms of MCH function.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2012

Objective: Previously, we identified that transketolase (Tkt), an important enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is highly expressed at 2 hours of spontaneous maturation in oocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the function of Tkt in meiotic cell cycle regulation, especially at the point of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Methods: We evaluated the loss-of-function of Tkt by microinjecting Tkt double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, and the oocytes were cultured in vitro to evaluate phenotypic changes during oocyte maturation. In addition to maturation rates, meiotic spindle and chromosome rearrangements, and changes in expression of other enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway were determined after Tkt RNA interference (RNAi). Results: Despite the complete and specific knockdown of Tkt expression, GVBD occurred and meiosis was arrested at the metaphase I (MI) stage. The arrested oocytes exhibited spindle loss, chromosomal aggregation, and declined maturation promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. The modified expression of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, Prps1 and Rbks, after Tkt RNAi and decreased maturation rates were amended when ribose-5-phosphate was supplemented in the culture medium, suggesting that the Tkt and pentose phosphate pathway are important for the maturation process. Conclusion: We concluded that Tkt and its associated pentose phosphate pathway play an important role in the MI-MII transition of the oocytes' meiotic cell cycle, but not in the process of GVBD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.75-84
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• 1996

Platelets from a patient with a mild inherited bleeding disorder and abnormal platelet aggregation and secretion show reduced generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP$_3$), mobilization of intracellular Ca$\^$2+/, and phosphorylation of pleckstrin in response to several G protein mediated agonists, suggesting a possible defect at the level of phospholipase C (PLC) activation. A procedure was developed that allows quantitation of platelet PLC isozymes. After fractionation of platelet extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography, seven, out often known PLC isoforms were detected by immunoblot analysis. The amount of these isoforms in normal platelets decreased in the order PLC-${\gamma}$2 > PLC-${\beta}$2 > PLC-${\beta}$3 > PLC-${\beta}$l > PLC-${\gamma}$ > PLC-$\delta$1 > PLC-${\beta}$4. Compared with normal platelets, platelets from the patient contained approximately one-third the amount of PLC-${\beta}$2, whereas PLC-${\beta}$4 was increased threefold. These results suggest that the impaired platelet function in the patient in response to multiple G protein mediated agonists is attributable to a deficiency of PLC-${\beta}$2. They document for the first time a specific PLC isozyme deficiency in human platelets and provide an unique opportunity to understand the role of different PLC isozymes in normal platelet function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.586-591
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• 2014

In this study, we introduce Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(RBFNNs) classifier using Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) algorithm in order to classify between precipitation event and non-precipitation event from given radar data. Input information data is rebuilt up through feature analysis of meteorological radar data used in Korea Meteorological Administration. In the condition phase of the proposed classifier, the values of fitness are obtained by using Fuzzy C-Mean clustering method, and the coefficients of polynomial function used in the conclusion phase are estimated by least square method. In the aggregation phase, the final output is obtained by using fuzzy inference method. The performance results of the proposed classifier are compared and analyzed by considering both QC(Quality control) data and CZ(corrected reflectivity) data being used in Korea Meteorological Administration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1993

Background: There is evidence that platelet is activated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and activated platelet with injured endothelium contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, prognostic factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. So, we have investigated platelet function further in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and effect of platelet activation on pulmonary hypertension. Method: We studied platelet aggregation ratio and alpha-granule products such as platelet factor 4(PF4) and beta-thromboglobulin (${\beta}$-TG) in control subjects and COPD without and with pulmonary hypertension subjects. Result: 1) The platelet aggregation ratio (PAR) was $0.99{\pm}0.04$ in control subjects, $0.98{\pm}0.05$ in COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects and $0.89{\pm}0.08$ in COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects. The platelet aggregation ratio of COPD subjects was tend to decrease than that of control subjects and the ratio of COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects was significantly lower than that of control subjects. 2) The platelet factor 4 (PF4, IU/ml) was $4.7{\pm}1.2$ in control subjects, $18.6{\pm}4.9$ in COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects and $57.2{\pm}12.7$ in COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects. The level of COPD subjects was significantly higher than that of control subjects and the level of COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects was significantly higher than that of COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects. 3) The beta-thromboglobulin (${\beta}$-TG, IU/ml) was $34.4{\pm}5.8$ in control subjects, $80.4{\pm}18.1$ in COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects and $93.0{\pm}14.0$ in COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects. The level of COPD subjects was significantly higher than that of conrtrol subjects and the level of COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects was tend to increase than that of COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects. 4) There was no correlation between the clinical parameters and PAR, PF4 and ${\beta}$-TG but there was significant correlation among PAR, PF4 and ${\beta}$-TG. Conclusion: The platelet is activated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the platelet of COPD with pulmonary hypertension is tend to be activated more than that of COPD without pulmonary hypertension. So, activated platelet may involve in the pathogenesis and maintenance of pulmonary hypertension in COPD subjects and modulation of platelet activity that might reduce pulmonary hypertension needs to be determined.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2013

20S-dihydroprotopanaxadiol (2H-PPD) is a derivative of protopanaxadiol, a glycone of ginsenosides prepared from Panax ginseng. Although ginsenosides and acidic polysaccharides are known to be major active ingredients in ginseng, the immunopharmacological activities of their metabolites and derivatives have not been fully explored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory action of 2H-PPD on the function of monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. 2H-PPD was able to boost the phagocytic uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in macrophages and enhance the generation of radicals (reactive oxygen species) in sodium nitroprusside-treated RAW264.7 cells. The surface levels of the costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 were also increased during 2H-PPD treatment. In addition, this compound boosted U937 cell-cell aggregation induced by CD29 and CD43 antibodies, but not by cell-extracellular matrix (fibronectin) adhesion. Similarly, the surface levels of CD29 and CD43 were increased by 2H-PPD exposure. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that 2H-PPD has the pharmacological capability to upregulate the functional role of macrophages/monocytes in innate immunity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1994

Platelets play a very important role in nomal hemostasis and their functions are more enhanced in various pathogenic states than in normal state. Especially it has been postulated that abnormal platelet and endothelium function might be major factors of microcirculatory disturbance in diabetes mellitus. Hydroxybrazilin, a phenolic constituent of Hematoxylon campechianum has been examined for its inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Its antiaggregatory effect might be mediated through the decrease of ATP release from dense granule and those of thromboxane $A_2$ production in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The present study was undertaken to gain insight into the mechanism that hydroxybrazilin inhibited thromboxane $A_2$ production in platelets. Thus we measured the effect of hydroxybrazilin on phospholipase $A_2$, a rate limiting step of thromboxane $A_2$ production, in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hydroxybrazilin significantly inhibited the platelet phospholipase $A_2$ activity in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

In this paper, positioning schemes based on AOA(Angle of Arrival), TOA(Time of Arrival), and TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) measurements are reviewed and analyzed. In the case of using those schemes in microcell structure with severe multipath fading and shadowing conditions, the rapid and unpredictable variation of signal level makes it difficult to estimate the position and velocity of mobiles. Therefore, we propose a novel mobile tracking method based on the multicriteria decision making, in which uncertain parameters such as RSS(Received Signal Strength), the distance between mobile and base station, the moving direction, and the previous location are participated in the decision process using aggregation function in fuzzy set theory. Through a simulation, we analysis the impaction of the frequent change of direction and speed of mobiles.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.263-267
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• 1999

We have observed retroperitoneal hematoma after trigger point injections of quadratus lumborum in a patient with chronic low back pain. Severe flank pain and dyspnea was observed three hours after injection of local anesthetic and steroid to the trigger point of quadratus lumborum muscle. There was fuge hematoma in abdominal CT image around the right kidney, which displaced and compressed the kidney anteriorly. Following infusion of contrast media, extravasation through renal vein and IVC was notified. Patient had a past history of having been treated with platelet aggregation inhibitor and lower dose aspirin treatment after cerebral ischemia for a year, but coagulative function was within normal range. Patient was admitted 12 days for bed rest, pain control and transfusion. We need to take greater care with a frequent aspiration and exact direction of needle, during trigger point injection of quadratus lumborum, particu right side, to avoid vascular injury.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.23-51
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to examine the potentialities and limits of Business Reference Model (BRM) as records classification schemes in Korean central state institutions. The analysis is based on the data collected through focus group interviews of three times, in which six records professionals from central government agencies participate. This paper begins with inquiring the framework of records classification based BRM, required by Public Records Management Act. It explores the types of benefit of BRM application to government records classification. Based on the collected data from the interviews, it investigates how records are aggregated, and how transaction level (Danwi-Gwaje) of BRM is applied in the course of records aggregation.