• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

Desirability approaches have been proposed to find an optimum of multiple response problem. The existing desirability approaches use either of mean or min of individual desirability in aggregation of multiple responses. However, in order to find an optimum having high mean and low dispersion among individual desirability, the dispersion needs to be simultaneously considered with its mean. This study proposes bias and variance (BV) method which aggregates bias (ideal target-mean) and variance of individual desirability in multiple response optimization. The proposed BV method was applied to an example to evaluate its usefulness by comparing with existing methods. Evaluation results showed that the solution of BV method was a fairly good compared with DS (Derringer and Suich, 1980) and KL (Kim and Lin, 2000) methods. The BV method can be utilized to multiple response surface problems when decision makers want to find an optimum having high mean and low variance among responses.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2009

"How does advertising affect sales?" is the fundamental issue of modern advertising research. There is an interesting issue for estimating carryover effects of advertising on sales, and the aggregated data biases exist in the duration of advertising effect. This research suggests an extended model of Koyck Model which is employed for micro-data (Koyck 1954) to estimate aggregated advertising data, and empirically shows the aggregated data bias. Our developed model with the aggregated level of actual advertising data is more appropriate than the basic Koyck model for micro-data. The result figures out that it is important to consider the disaggregated data level in the analysis of dynamic effects of adverting such as carryover effects.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.773-780
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• 2020

A 40 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor carrier-aggregated drive amplifier with high linearity is presented for sub-GHz Internet of Things applications. The proposed drive amplifier consists of two high linear amplifiers, which are composed of five differential cascode cells. Carrier aggregation can be achieved by switching on both the driver amplifiers simultaneously and combining the two independent signals in the current mode. The common gate bias of the cascode cells is selected to maximize the output 1 dB compression point (P1dB) to support high-linear wideband applications, and is used for the local supply voltage of digital circuitry for gain control. The proposed circuit achieved an output P1dB of 10.7 dBm with over 22.8 dBm of output 3rd-order intercept point up to 0.9 GHz and demonstrated a 55 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) for the 802.11af with -5 dBm channel power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the wideband carrier-aggregated drive amplifier that achieves the highest ACLR performance.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2020

오늘날의 검색 포털은 뉴스의 창구로서는 가장 큰 비율을 차지하지만, 중립성에 대해서는 의문이 제기되고 있다. 이는 포털 뉴스가 편향된 정보의 소비를 유도할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문은 뉴스 기사의 정치적 편향도를 딥러닝을 이용하여 측정하는 방법에 대하여 소개한다. 이는 기사를 비판적으로 바라보는 시각을 뉴스 독자에게 제공할 것이다. 구체적으로, 국회 회의록에서 추출한 키워드에 편향도를 부여하고, 이를 기반으로 기사의 편향도를 분석하여 머신러닝용 데이터를 구축하였다. 최종적으로 순환 신경망과 합성곱 신경망을 융합한 딥러닝을 통해 기사의 편향도를 계산하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 학습한 모델의 정확도를 분석한 결과 문장별 편향의 좌/우편향 판정은 95.6%의 정확도를 보였으나, 신문기사 전체에서는 46.0%의 정확도를 보였다. 이는 기존의 여러 편향성 연구와 다르게 특정 주제에 한정되지 않고 기사의 보수-진보 편향성을 분석할 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.2-7
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• 2015

A fundamental problem in analyzing complex multilevel-structured periodontal data is the violation of independency among the observations, which is an assumption in traditional statistical models (e.g., analysis of variance and ordinary least squares regression). In many cases, aggregation (i.e., mean or sum scores) has been employed to overcome this problem. However, the aggregation approach still exhibits certain limitations, such as a loss of power and detailed information, no cross-level relationship analysis, and the potential for creating an ecological fallacy. In order to handle multilevel-structured data appropriately, mixed effects models have been introduced and employed in dental research using periodontal data. The use of mixed effects models might account for the potential bias due to the violation of the independency assumption as well as provide accurate estimates.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.55-76
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• 2000

실시간 통행시간관련자료의 집계시간간격은 보다 신뢰성있는 통행시간정보제공과 교통정보센터의 효율적인 운영을 위해 매우 중요한 요소이다. 그러나 대부분의 기존 VDS 및 TCS교통정보 데이터는 통계학적·공학적 차원에서의 합리적인 연구나 검증없이 경험적 간격으로 집계되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 링크 및 교통축(Corridor) 통행시간 산정 및 예측시의 최적 집계 시간간격을 결정할 수 있는 통계학적 모형을 개발하고 실제 도로망에서 수집되는 통행시간자료에 적용하는 것이다 첫째로, 본 연구는 링크 및 교통축 통행시간 산정 및 예측으로 인한 오차를 계량화하는 통계학적 모형을 제시하고, 제시된 모형의 의미를 교통류이론 측면과 통행시간정보 이용자측면에서 살펴보았다. 둘째로, 미국 Texas, Houston의 도시고속도로에서 AVI시스템을 통해 수집된 통행시간자료를 제시된 모형에 적용하였다. 적용결과 링크통행시간 산정을 위한 최적 집계시간간격보다 링크통행시간예측을 위한 최적 집계시간간격이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 교통축 통행시간 산정 및 예측을 위한 최적 집계시간간격은 교통축을 구성하는 링크간의 상관관계 (Correlation)에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2016

Background: Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) can induce alterations in blood viscoelasticity and cause red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of pump flow pulsatility on blood viscoelasticity and RBC aggregation. Methods: Mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: a nonpulsatile pump group (n=6) or a pulsatile pump group (n=6). After ECC was started at a pump flow rate of 80 mL/kg/min, cardiac fibrillation was induced. Blood sampling was performed before and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after ECC commencement. To eliminate bias induced by hematocrit and plasma, all blood samples were adjusted to a hematocrit of 45% using baseline plasma. Blood viscoelasticity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, arterial blood gas analysis, central venous $O_2$ saturation, and lactate were measured. Results: The blood viscosity and aggregation index decreased abruptly 1 hour after ECC and then remained low during ECC in both groups, but blood elasticity did not change during ECC. Blood viscosity, blood elasticity, plasma viscosity, and the aggregation index were not significantly different in the groups at any time. Hematocrit decreased abruptly 1 hour after ECC in both groups due to dilution by the priming solution used. Conclusion: After ECC, blood viscoelasticity and RBC aggregation were not different in the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups in the adult dog model. Furthermore, pulsatile flow did not have a more harmful effect on blood viscoelasticity or RBC aggregation than nonpulsatile flow.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.302-313
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess environmental health status on a local scale using environmental health-related indicators. It demonstrated the possibility of using a structural equation model, a methodological approach to provide synthesized information. Methods: Eighteen indicators were selected from official statistical data published by local governments. Each environmental health-related indicator was classified according to the PSR (pressure-state-response) model. Aggregation methods were performed using principal component analysis and fuzzy sets. Results: The five principal components were classified through principal component analysis (PCA) and obtained eigenvalues >1.0 from the initial 18 indicators. The aggregated index was obtained by condensing the original information into two broad and simple categories through fuzzy sets. Conclusion: This could be useful in that the aggregation procedure may provide a basis for establishing environmental health policies and a decision-making process. However, the availability and quality of indicators, assessment of aggregation method bias, choice of weighted scores for indicators, and other factors should be examined in future studies.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2012

We investigated leaf disease intensity of Kalopanax septemlobus (prickly castor oil tree) caused by the parasitic fungus Mycosphaerella acanthopanacis, in thirty natural host populations in the Japanese Archipelago. The disease intensity observed for individual trees were analyzed using a generalized additive model as a function of tree size, tree density, climatic terms and spatial trend surface. Individual tree size and conspecific tree density were shown to have significant negative and positive effects on disease intensity, respectively. The findings suggest that the probability of disease infection is partly determined by dispersal of infection agents (ascospores) from the fallen leaves on the ground, which can be enhanced by aggregation of host trees in a forest stand. Regional-scale spatial bias was also present in disease intensity; the populations in northern Japan and southern Kyushu were more severely infected by the fungus than those in southwestern Honshu and Shikoku. Regional variation of disease intensity was explained by both climatic factors and a trend surface term, with a latitudinal cline detected, which increases towards the north. Further research should be conducted in order to understand all of the factors generating the latitudinal cline detected in this study.