• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.244-254
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand the deeper meaning of the experience to explore the essence of latter-aged elderly suicide attempt. To this end, by applying the technology of Giorgi phenomenology to focus on the nature of the experience was described reveal the structure of the developing. By targeting eight people aged 75 years and over in Seoul experience with suicide attempts, open the data was collected through in-depth interviews, participants were analyzed on the basis of the aforesaid materials result, late of suicide in elderly seniors experience semantics was putting down that long for the comfort at the crossroads of life. Analysis of six components were derived 'regrets the harsh years', 'desperate and pathetic beholden', 'useless worthless life', 'body of unbearable pain and lethargy', 'no place to lean loneliness', 'the last select'. Discuss these findings the suicide problem of latter-aged elderly suicide attempt, based on experience and in-depth, Elderly mental health and social welfare presented the practical implications for suicide prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.697-706
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the consumption behaviors for purchase of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) products and importance and satisfaction on selective attributes of HMR in middle-aged adults by gender. The subjects were 919 middle-aged adults (400 males and 519 females; 40 to 64 years) residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area, who have HMR purchasing experience. The survey was conducted from January to August 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 program. Consumption frequency of HMR products in male and female subjects was 1-2 times a month by 42.3% and 40.8% and 4-6 times a month by 26.8% and 19.8%, respectively (p<0.05). Reasons for purchasing HMR in male and female subjects were shown significantly different from saving time by 44.8% and 50.5% and easy cooking by 25.8% and 16.6%, respectively (p<0.01). HMR products with high preference and satisfaction for the subjects included Gimbap, precooked dried rice, and frozen food. According to the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), selective attributes of HMR with high importance and low satisfaction in the second quadrant were food additives, origin, nutrient content, and price, for both male and female subjects; additionally, hygiene was a factor included only by female subjects. Therefore, these results suggest that it is needed to consider to produce HMR products with improved qualities using reliable food materials and ingredients and to maintain competitive pricing for the expansion of HMR products consumption of middle-aged adults.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2019

In this research, it is the research which carried out the fact-finding for the preparation of old age targeting middle and middle age. After requesting a questionnaire survey for middle-aged and elderly people, it was carried out by the method of collection. A total of 350 copies were distributed, and there were a lot of questions that were poor in response or lacking. Except for the 39 copies, a total of 311 copies of SPSS 22.0 were tried and frequency analysis, t-test and oneway ANOVA were performed. Targeting middle-aged and elderly people, we grasped the difference in regional characteristics and differences in life of old-aged people. The purpose of this study is as follows. First of all, the difference of life in old age according to the socio-demographic characteristics of middle and middle age, second middle and middle age, socio-demographic, economic, life in old age, living in physical age, or social old age It is the provision of basic materials for the preparation of old age by grasping the difference of life.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.316-329
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between dietary quality based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), and the prevalence of chronic conditions among middle-aged individuals (40-60 yrs of age) living alone. MATERIALS/METHODS: The participants were selected (1,517 men and 2,596 women) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2018 and classified into single-person households (SPH) and multi-person households (MPH). Nutrient intake, KHEI, and the prevalence of chronic conditions were compared according to household size. The odds ratios (ORs) of chronic conditions were analyzed according to the tertile levels of KHEI by gender within each household size category. RESULTS: Men in SPH had a significantly lower total KHEI score (P < 0.0001) and a lower prevalence of obesity (OR, 0.576) than those in MPH. For men, the adjusted ORs for obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia in the first tertile (T1) of KHEI scores within SPH compared with the third tertile (T3) were 4.625, 3.790, and 4.333, respectively. Moreover, the adjusted OR for hypertriglyceridemia in the T1 group compared to the T3 group within the MPH was 1.556. For women, the adjusted ORs for obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in T1 compared to T3 within the SPH were 3.223 and 7.134, respectively, and 1.573 and 1.373 for obesity and hypertension, respectively, within MPH. CONCLUSIONS: A healthy eating index was associated with a reduced risk of chronic conditions in middle-aged adults. Greater adherence to a healthy eating index could lower the risk of chronic conditions in middle-aged adults living alone.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2023

Ships operated at sea for a long time are subjected to various kinds of loads, which may cause various types of damage. Such damages will eventually reduce the strength of hull structures. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate and evaluate the residual strength and remaining fatigue life of aging ships in order to secure structural safety, establish a reasonable maintenance plan, and make a judgment of life extension. For this purpose, the corrosion damage and local denting damage should be measured, fatigue damage estimation should be performed, and material properties of aged steel should be identified. For this study, in order to investigate the mechanical properties of aged steel, steel plates were obtained from a naval ship that reached the end of her life span. The specimens were manufactured from the obtained steel plates, and static and dynamic tensile tests, fatigue tests, and metallographic tests were performed. The mechanical properties obtained from the aged steel plates were compared with those of new steel plates to quantify the aging effect on the mechanical properties of marine steel materials.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.174-188
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surface treatments, liquids, and aging on color, translucency, and surface properties of monolithic ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Lithium disilicate (LDS) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramics (n = 135 each) were cut and divided into three groups [crystallization+glaze (single stage), crystallization-glaze (two stages), and crystallization-polish (two stages)]. One sample from each group was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remaining samples were divided into four subgroups (distilled water, coffee, grape juice, and smoothie) (n = 11 each), stored for 12 d in the respective liquids, and thermally aged. One sample from each subgroup was analyzed using SEM. The color, gloss, and roughness values of the samples were analyzed after surface treatment (initial) and storage under different liquids+aging conditions. The initial data and both the aged data and data change values were analyzed using robust two- and three-way analyses of variance. RESULTS. The glazed groups exhibited smoother surfaces. Ceramic type and ceramic-surface treatment interactions affected the initial translucency parameter (TP) (P < .001) and the initial and aged roughness values (P ≤ .001). Surface treatment type affected the color change (P < .001), and ceramic type affected the aged TP values (P < .001). Type of ceramic, surface treatment, and their interactions affected both the initial and aged gloss (P ≤ .001) and TP change values (P ≤ .015). Surface treatment type and ceramic-surface treatment interactions affected the gloss change values (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION. Although both ceramics and all surface treatments are clinically applicable, crystallization-glaze is recommended. When gloss and smoothness are important or when translucency is important, ZLS or LDS may be preferred, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 1970

The process of the forced aging of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied extensively from various scientific points of view. The Flue-cured tobacco leaves were inoculated and fermented with nicotine resistant Hansenula yeast, or the leaves were subjected under simple forced aging. The above two processes of forced aging were studied from the summarized points of microbiology, physics, chemistry, and biochemistry, and the resulted products ware compared in their physical, chemical and biochemical quality determining factors with that of raw material tobacco leaves (dried-tobacco leaves) and 2 years aged high quality tobacco leaves. The summary results were as follows. 1) The Korean flue-cured tobacco leaves, were forcedly aged under the basic optimum aging condition, temperature $40^{\circ}C$, moisture contents 18%, relative humidity 74%. It was found that this aging condition was the best in bringing the quality of forcedly aged tobacco leaves to the utmost state. 2) Under this optimum temperature and moisture condition of forced aging in about 20 days the forcedly aged tobacco leaves both with yeast inoculation and without yeast inoculation showed the equivalent tobacco qualities comparable with that of more than 2 years aged tobacco leaves. 3) The forcedly aged tobacco leaves both with and without yeast inoculation under $40^{\circ}C$ temperature and $74^{\circ}C$ relative humidity achieved the necessary quality determining physical and chemical changes in about 20 days. 4) The microbial changes during the forced aging were as follows. The population of yeasts and bacteria increased until to 15 days of aging, then decreased thereafter. Whereas the molds grew continously until the end of fermentation. 5) The tobacco quality determing physico-chemico-properties of yeast inoculated aged and simple forcedly aged tobacco leaves, progressed as the follows in time. As the forced aging progresses, swelling and combustibility properties were improved. The pH, total reducing materials, total sugars, alkaloids contents decreased. The contents of organic and ether extractable materials increased. The total nitrogen, protein, crude fiber, ash contents showed no changes. The color properties, excitation purity, luminance, main wave length, showed equivalent changes comparable with that of 2 years aged tobacco leaves. 6) The changes in chemical components in yeast treated and simple forcedly aged tobacco leaves during $15{\sim}20{\;}days$ of forced aging were as follows. The following chemical components decreased as the aging. Sugars-sucrose. rhamnose, glucose. Pigments-chlorophyll, carotenes, xanthophyll and violax anthine. Polyphenols-rutin, chlorogenic and, coffeic acid. Organic acids-iso-butylic, crotonic, caprylic, galacturonic, tartaric, succinic, citric acid. Alkaloids-nicotine, nornicotine. The following components increased as the forced aging progressed. Sugars-frutose, maltose, raffinose. Amino acids-proline, cystine. Organic acids-formic, acetic, propionic, n-butyric, iso-valeric, n-valeric, malic, oxalic, malonic, ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$, fumaric, glutaric acid. 7) During the forced aging of tobacco Leaves the oxygen-uptake decreased gradually. The enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase, ${\beta}-amylase$ ${\alpha}-amylase$ decreased gradually. The activities of the enzymes, catalase, and invertase increased once then decreased at the later stage.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2015

Currently, lots of researches have been performed for reducing cement usages due to increasing social/engineering problems caused by $CO_2$ emission. Supplementary cement materials like fly ash, slag, and silca fume are usually employed for cement replacement, and nowadays rice husk ash (RHA) is widely studied for enhancement of concrete performance as mineral admixture. In this paper, concrete samples with RHA and SF which is known for its engineering advantages are prepared and a resistance to chloride attack is evaluated in early-aged concrete. For the work, replacement ratios of 10~30% for RHA concrete and 2~8% for SF concrete are considered, and various durability tests such as density, void, sorptivity, current measurement, and chloride diffusion coefficient are performed including mechanical test like compressive and tensile strength. Replacement of RHA 10~15% shows better improvement of corrosion resistance and strength than that of SF 2~4% and normal concrete, which shows a strong applicability for utilization as construction materials.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.1372-1381
• /
• 1996

As recieved boiler tuve steel was aged artificially at $650^{\circ}C$ and$690^{\circ}C$ for various time duration to simulate the material deterioration which could be occurred during the operation of fossiol power plants. And the tensile tests, the microhardness tests and the characterization of carbides formed in the aging process were performed to asses the relationship between the mechanical properties and the effect of thermal aging. Furthernore, the amout of Mo-rich carbide were investigated by ondestructive method by noticing the fact that formation of Mo-rich carbide were investigated by ondestructive melthod by noticing the fact that formation of Mo-rich carbides($Mo_6C$) which stabilizes lastly affects the mechanical properties. It was known that the microhardness results of service exposed materials were similar to the ones which are aged at $650^{\circ}C$. The room temperature measurement showed small variation in the yield points and ultimate strength in materials aged at $650^{\circ}C$. Those properties at $540^{\circ}C$ showed the abrupt decrease compared with as received material even if short aging time. And it was found that $650^{\circ}C$ $690^{\circ}C$ aging cause different effects on mechanical properties, although the temperature time parameters(LMP;Larson-Miller parameter) are same. And it was concluded that the aigng at $650^{\circ}C$ is more appropriate to simulate the service exposed condition. Finally, the relationship between high temperature tensile properties and Ip values were established, which offers a potential way of reliability tests onthe power plant components.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 2012

Whitening phenomena of the EPDM composites with different inorganic filler compositions which were aged at $90^{\circ}C$ for 7 days in air and tap water atmospheres, respectively, were investigated. The aged samples in tap water containing stearic acid exhibited severe whitening phenomena, while all the samples aged in air did not show any whitening. Depending on the filler compositions, there was no big difference in the whitening phenomena. The whitening materials were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), image analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The whitening materials were identified to be salts of stearic acid. The salts of stearic acid were formed by reaction of metal cation in tap water and stearic acid in the sample.