• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis to recognize the health behaviors of middle-aged women that are constructive to a healthy life style. Data were collected from interview of questionnaires completed by 208 middle-aged women living in Incheon from November 1 to 30, 1999. The questionnaires used in this study were obtained from publications on health-related topics shown in literature review. These topics included : health concept, diseases, use of tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, drug, exercise and diet, cause of stress and stress management. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Middle-aged women though of concept of health as a doing daily living pattern(48.1%). 2. 49.5% of the middle-aged women had illness or disease, which included gastritis, arthritis, anemia, hypertension, indigestion and allergies. 3. 1.4% of the middle-aged women smoked cigarettes. Most of them began to smoke due to stress. 4. 42.3% of the middle-aged women drink alcohol. Most of them began drinking due to peer pressure. 5. 28.8% of the middle-aged women consumed caffeine-containing products 5-7 times per week. 6. 55.3% of the middle-aged women took drugs. Most of the drugs were digestant and analgesics. 7. 21.2% of the middle-aged women exercised more than 2 times per week. 8. Most of causes of stress were economic difficulties and sickness. The method of stress management were enduring and sleeping.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.372-374
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• 2017

Korea is one of the fastest aging country in the world. The increase in health expenditure is an inevitable problem in an aging country. We examined trend of benefit expenditure in National Health Insurance (NHI) by age group during 2001 to 2016. The benefit expenditure of NHI was 13.0 trillion won (2001) and 48.7 trillion won (2016); that is 3.76 times to 2001. This rapid increase was mostly due to people aged 65 and over. Proportion of beneficiaries aged 65 and over was 6.9% (2001) and 13.7% (2016), benefit expenditure per capita aged 65 and over was 279 thousand won (2001) and 960 thousand won (2016), and utilization days per capita aged 65 and over 21.44 (2001) and 30.23 (2016). This phenomenon was more pronounced in 75 or 85 aged and over. To contain the health costs for older people, the NHI system should be reformed.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data for management policies by exploring the association between alcohol and mental health in menopause and andropause middle-aged Methods: This study used the data from from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021). Adults between the ages of 40 and 64 were considered menopause and andropause middle-aged and 7,704 of the total number of 8,549 subjects were selected as the final study subjects without missing data. Mental health was defined as depression diagnosis and suicidal thoughts, and drinking was defined as current drinking and high-risk drinking. SAS 9.4 was used for all statistical analyses. Results: There were significant differences between menopause middle-aged men and women in current drinking (83.4% for men and 66.6% for women) and in high-risk drinking (24.2% for men and 4.9% for women). The significant factors affecting the depression diagnosis were identified as economic activity, income level, and subjective health status for men and economic activity, income level, subjective health status, and smoking for women (p < .05). The significant factors affecting suicidal ideation included economic activity, income level, and subjective health status for men and economic activity, high-risk drinking, current smoking, and subjective health status for women (p < .05). Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the association between alcohol and mental health in menopause and andropause middle-aged adults, Drinking alcohol and high-risk drinking in women were associated with mental health, but insignificantly in men. Based on this study, it is necessary to program development and health education for the physical and mental health of menopausal middle-aged women exposed to alcohol, and to develop menopausal mental health management policies that take into account the gender differences.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of health promotion program, which was based on the Health Belief Model, on the health belief, health promoting behavior and quality of life for middle-aged women. Methods: The study focused nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected among 40 middle-aged women (20 were experimental group and 20 were control group) on 1st November 2014 and 25th April 2015. The experimental group received 12 sessions of health promotion program for aging preparation once a week for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ and t-test and paired t-test using the PASW 21.0 program. Results: The study results shown that, health belief (t=-2.94, p=.006), health promoting behavior (t=-4.76, p<.001) and higher quality of life (t=-7.65, p<.001) scores of experimental group were higher than the control group. Conclusion: The health promotion program based on the Health Belief Model was effective and increased the health belief and health promoting behavior and quality of life among middle-aged women. It seems health promotion program is necessary to improve middle age women's health and quality of later life.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.515-527
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• 2016

This study investigated social determinants and their interaction effects on the health of school-aged children in diverse environmental factors pertaining to the individual, family, and peers from an ecological systematic perspective. Data were drawn from the first wave of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) developed by the National Youth Policy Institute and conducted in 2010. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach ${\alpha}$, correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS ver. 18. The results from this study showed that sex and age were related to the health of school-aged children, as social determinants. Self-rated levels of the health of boys and younger children were more positive than girls and older children; in addition, levels of self-resilience, satisfaction of peer relation, and parenting rearing attitude were found to have a positive impact on self-rated levels of the health of school-aged children as protective factors. Especially, according to the result of interaction analysis between factors, self-resilience, and parenting rearing attitude were moderators of the effects on between sex and household income and self-rated level of the health of school-aged children respectively. The findings from this study suggested the need to expand the social intervention range to improve school-aged children's health.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.668-676
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors determining health behavior for middle-aged adults in relation to stress coping behaviors, cognitive factors, social support, and sociodemographic variables. Method: The questionnaire survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 203 middle aged in a community settings. The data analysis procedure included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regressions using health behavior as dependent variable. Result: Among the sociodemographic variables, factors such as sex, educational and eonomic levels were associated with the health behaviors. There were significant correlations between health behaviors and saliency of health, social support, and positive-stress coping behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the factors such as positive-stress coping behaviors, saliency of health, sex, and education turned out to be significant affecting factors. Twenty eight percent of varience in health behavior was explained by these factors. Conclusion: Positive-stress coping methods were turned out to be the most important effective factors in practicing of health behaviors of middle aged. The necessity of an intervention considering the situation related to their stress and coping methods in middle aged so as to promote positive health behaviors was suggested.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.498-507
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to survey health requirements of middle-aged women and their families and to provide guidelines for developing nursing interventions by describing the process of family health maintenance experienced by middle-aged women and its conceptual system. Methods: To get saturated data, each of four researchers conducted two or three times of in-depth interview with eight middle-aged women aged between 40-64 years old and living in Seoul and Chuncheon from the 10th to the 30th of October 2004 and each interview was continued one or two hours. The Grounded theory adopted by Strauss & Corbin (1998) is a substantive theory that can explain the experiencing process of middle-aged women. Results: We found that the casual condition of family health maintaining by middle-aged women was 'confidence of health belief', and 'pouring by body moving' was found to be its phenomenon. A textual condition that might respond to the phenomenon was 'fatal roles acceptance', and intervening conditions that promote their family health were 'retracing' and 'gathering health information'. These intervening conditions impacted middle-aged women's confidence in family health and led them to take actions/interactions such as 'being a model of health', 'adapting to circumstances', 'do-it-myself', 'taking-care' 'harmonious mind' and 'the pursuit of cleanness'. These actions/interactions produced results such as 'being stronger', 'being unmanageable' and 'being fruitful'. Conclusions: Health confidence and practical health behaviors were observed in the process that the middle-aged female participants experienced unmanageable circumstances but they accepted their roles and responsibilities and recognized that they must be get stronger. The behaviors of health-together-with were divided into enthusiastic type, adaptation type and self-sacrificing type. Therefore middle-aged woman with the understanding of family health maintaining process as well as the theoretical system and practical principals needs to implement the intervention in acceptable level of family health process of preventing psychological and physical problems.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.749-761
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• 2002

This study investigated the anthropometric and biochemical indices, and the health and nutritional factors influencing the two indices among 194 middle-aged and elderly subjects (108 middle-aged and 86 elderly) residing in a medium sized city for more than 10 years. In the examination of their dietary habits, 8.3% of the middle-aged subjects and 14.0% of the elderly subjects had two meals a day, and more female subjects had two meals per day. Of the subjects who ate meals at regular times, 75.0% were middle-aged and 79.1% were elderly, and the degree of irregularity of meals was greater for female subjects. The study of the dietary behavior of the subjects indicated that 71.3% and 66.3% of the middle-aged and elderly, respectively responded that the amount of food in each meal was sufficient. The subjects ate alone comprised 19.7% of the middle-aged females and 31.5% of the elderly females. The prevalence of smoking among the subjects was 28.1% for the middle-aged, 18.8% for the elderly male and 7.4% for the elderly females. The percentage of the subjects who drank alcohol was 34.4% of the middle-aged males and 13.2% of the middle-aged females. Slightly less than half of the subjects exercised more than once a week, with the male subjects showing a higher rate than the female subjects. The average body mass indices (BMI) were 24.5 and 24.6 for the middle-aged male and female, respectively, and 22.6 and 24.0 for the elderly male and female, respectively. BMI assessment showed that underweight subjects (BMI ＜ 20) comprised 3.7% of the middle-aged, 14.0% of the elderly, and that 40.7% of the middle-aged and 24.4% of the elderly were overweight (25 ＜ BMI ＜ 30) , and 0.9% of the middle-aged and 1.2% of the elderly were classified as obese (BMI $\geq$ 30) . A waist/hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.8 was found in 89.5% of the middle-aged females and 90.7% of the elderly females, showing high abdominal fat deposition in the majority of females. The average systolic blood pressure of females was 121.1 $\pm$ 17.1 mmHg for the middle-aged and 129.6 $\pm$ 21.3 mmHg for the elderly subjects. The systolic blood pressures showed a significantly difference between the two age groups. Those defined as anemic subjects based on hemoglobin values comprised 13.0% of the middled-aged group and 16.3% of the elderly group. There was a tendency for higher fasting glucose levels among the elderly subjects. An increase in total plasma cholesterol levels with age was shown. The female subjects had higher cholesterol levels than the males'The study of the correlation between the daily habits and health status showed that the amount of food eaten at each meal, the frequency of eating out, and the use of dietary supplements appeared to influence BMI, WHR, the plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels; omitting one meal had a positive correlation with the systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. These results suggest that desirable dietary habits and concerns for health are contributing factors for maintaining good health, as indicated by normal blood lipid levels.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2001

This research is aimed to define how the depression, performing ability of IADL and muscular-skeletal pain of the Aged, according to their residential circumstance, sex and age, can affect the subjective health index and how all these are related and associated with. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, in order to study and define how the depression, performing ability of IADL and muscular-skeletal pain are related to the subjective health index of the Aged, we have conducted an enquete through a direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent areas, divided into three different residential types “The Aged living at home”, “The Aged living at welfare facilities” and “The Aged living alone”. We have studied all the data and information obtained through this enquete and have analyzed χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, analysis of simple correlation, analysis of factor. by SPSS10.0/PC+. The results were as follows: Generally, the four (4) factors depression, IADL performing ability, muscular-skeletal pain and the subjective health index of the Aged, are a lot influenced by and related to their residential circumstance, their sex and their age. With regard to the depression of the Aged by their sex, it was analyzed that, on an average, the female-Aged gains 48.3 point which reflects comparatively the higher points and the female-Aged is more depressed. In analyzing depression of the Aged by their age, it appears that the Aged between eighty (80) to eight-four (84) years of age, gains 49.2 point which is the highest points and simultaneously we could realize that depression follows age, - the more the age gets, the more the depression is increased. In analyzing depression of the Aged by their residential type, it shows that “the Aged living alone” gains 50.9 point and is most depressed. With regard to the IADL performance of the Aged by their sex, it was analyzed that, on an average, the female-Aged gains 23.8 point, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. In addition, it was also found that the IADL performing ability is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by their residential type, it appears that “the Aged living at welfare facilities” gains the lowest 21.5 point and is least independent. We conclude that some assistances from others are required for the Aged living at welfare facilities in their performing IADL. With regard to the muscular-skeletal pain of the Aged by their sex, it was analyzed that, on an average, the female-Aged gains 3.0 point and the female-Aged suffers from this pain more severely. In analyzing this pain by their residential type, it was found that, on an average, the 3.0 point goes for “the Aged living alone”, which explains the Aged living alone is having the most serious pain. With regard to the subjective heath index of the all Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by their sex, the female-Aged gains 8.6 point only and it explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. In analyzing this index by their residential type, “the Aged living at welfare facilities” and “the Aged living alone” gain the comparatively lower point, -respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged of these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad condition of health, which makes us think a lot. With regard to the factors affecting the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that this index can significantly be influenced by their depression, their pain, their age and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions, and also analyzed that the correlative relation certainly exists between the depression and pain, and the subjective health index, - that is, the more the depression and pain are serious, the lower the subjective health index indicates. As for the IADL, it appears that the IADL's relation with this index is not that significant and even not important.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.484-500
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• 2002

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to better understand types of health behavior in middle aged women in the Korean agricultural society, understand their nursing needs, and eventually present guidelines to develop proper nursing interventions. Method: Participants for this study were 16 middle aged women from farming communities, who lived in C county and were independent and without chronic ailments. In collection and analysis of data Strauss & Cortin's (1997) research processes and methods were used. The period of data collection was between April 2001 and February 2002. Result: The results of the study showed that the core category was the family-oriented process of $yangsaeng^{1)}$, and four types of health behaviors were observed; $momboyang^{2)}$ maintenance of health through daily life, managing mental health, and managing illness. Each type was perceived to differ from the other in the terms of health behavior priority which was largely affected by the cultural surrounding, for example, degree of attention to children's education and tendency to a traditional role for women. Conclusion: In conclusion, nurses need to understand various types of health behavior in middle aged women. The findings from this study can be applied to the development of Korean nursing interventions that are based on health behavior among middle aged women in the Korean agricultural society. These interventions can then. be based upon understanding of Korean culture rather than drawn only from Western concepts of health behavior.