• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.27-46
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• 2007

Through reinvestigations of early years of King Young-Joe provincial castles, Jeonju Eupsung, this study seeks to broaden the understanding of castle construction of the later period of Chosun Dynasty. Jeonju Eupsung was established by reform-minded king and his loyalist Cho, Hyun Myung. Their new conceptual framework for reconstruction of Jeonju Eupsung was affected by Yoo, Hyung Won, a realist scholar of 17th century. It is obvious that adopted new administrative systems of financing, building and maintaining of Jeonju Eupsung were based on the his theories of castle. This study demonstrates that Jeonju Eupsung built by Cho, Hyun Myung, during the early years of King Young-Joe were based on those new concepts and systems of the new age. The study shows that the designer of this castle had in mind efficient construction design and execution and effective defense of provincial towns located on flat ground. And, the study explains how those original designer sought higher productivity through greater localization of securing resources and more detailed and improved organization of construction responsibilities. In short, this study seeks to prove that the provincial castles of the early 18th century reflected the new thinking on practicality that was spreading throughout the society of Chosun Dynasty at the time.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Pritzker Architecture Prize as a social act has maintained an organic relationship with the architecture, the urban society through the speakings and writings of the laureates of the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The composition of this research is to grasp the background of the establishment of Pritzker Architecture Prize and the examination process, to examine its social meaning, and to identify the main flow of words from writings about the laureates through the literature survey and text frequency analysis. And is to interpret the meaning of urban society change and words about the laureates. As a result of the analysis of the flow, it is a tendency to move from ideology and style to newness and innovation, and now to publicity and sociality. Especially in recent years, a wide range of values are floated as much as the complicated issues of urban society and the natural environment. The various architectural activities that make up the urban life became more important than the building units existing like an icon. It is considered possible because the Pritzker Architecture Prize has been awarded for a sustainable common social act. In addition, through literature surveys, have also seen changes in the value of individual laureates, the mixing of styles, and the eclectic aspect. Therefore, the task of reading change should not be a process of finding a new style for a new age, but a task of acknowledging heterogeneity of each architect and recognizing diversity through pluralization.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-160
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• 2003

The GyoJungEuiSeoGook(校定醫書局, the bureau for revising of medical books) which was established in the 2nd year of InJong GaWoou of Song dynasty, made comparative analyzation about various kinds of publication and reference materials of all classical medical books that was published until Jin Han and Su Dang dynasty, revised the medical books like as Bozushinnongboncho(補注神農本草), Zungkwangbozuhwangjenegyungsomun(重廣補注黃帝內經素問), Shanghanlon(傷寒論), Bigupchunggumyobang (備急千金要方), Magkyung(脈經), Oedaebiyo(外臺備要), Hwangjechimgugapeulgyung(黃帝鍼灸甲乙經), Cchunggumikbang(千金翼方) etc. The signification of such revision was not only to preserve the materials which may be lost before, bibliographically and also make the books of Hwangjenegyung(黃帝內經), Shanghanlon(傷寒論) etc. become more regularly. And it made the foundation of Korean Medical research depends on the documentary records so as to make it have big development by deductive method till the beginning of modern age. The success of GyoJungEuiSeoGook(校定醫書局) indicates that the stagnation of Korean Medical research due to it's behind with the development of politics-economy, social culture and scientific technology which based on western scientific culture. So we may draw the conclusion that the success of scientific research needs to parallel with the external and internal factors of the surrounding science.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.96-110
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• 2004

The GyoJungEuiSeoGuk(교정의서국, the bureau for revising of medical books) which was established in the 2nd year of InJong GaWoou of Song dynasty, made comparative analyzation about various kinds of publication and reference materials of all classical medical books that was published until Jin Han and Su Dang dynasty, revised the medical books like as Bozushinnongboncho(보주신농본초), Zungkwangbojuhwangjenegyungsomun(중황보주황제내경소문), Shanghanlon(상한론), Bigupchunggumyobang (비급천금요방), Magkyung (맥경), Hwangjechimgugapeulgyung(황제침구갑을경), Oedaebiyo (외대비요), Chunggumikbang(천금익방) etc. The signification of such revision was not only to preserve the materials which may be lost before, bibliographically and also make the books of Hwangjenegyung(황제내경), Shanghanlon(상한론) etc. become more regularly. And it made the foundation of Korean Medical research depends on the documentary records so as to make it have big development by deductive method till the beginning of modem age. The success of GyoJungEuiSeoGuk indicates that the stagnation of Korean Medical research due to $it^{circ}{\Phi}s$ behind with the development of politics-economy, social culture and scientific technology which based on western scientific culture. So we may draw the conclusion that the success of scientific research needs to parallel with the external and internal factors of the surrounding science.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.327-343
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• 1991

Clonal growth and rhizome architecture of calmagrostis epigeios, were studied in a 15-year old coastal reclamed land. As c. epigeios patch grew from center to margin radially over time, concentric annuli were added. the radial increases of the mature patch were 80~130cm/yr. the patch ages of c. epigeios estimated by relationships between the diameter and is radial increament, were 1~6year old. There were the marked variations of density, phytomass, shoot height and inflorecence frequency with increasing age of rhizome system within the patch. the maximum performance occurred at 2-year-old concentric annuli of the patch. The growth phasic continuum with aging was divided into 5 grwth phases ; pioneer, building, matyre, senile and degenerate. The rhizome aging had a more significant effect on the inflorescence frequency than on the other attributes. new rhizomes tended to diverge from the direction of the parent ramet by sympodial growth. in a 1-year-old patch, average length of rhizome segment was 7cm, average number of internode was 6, and the tillering frequency was 27%. The tillering in the early stage resultd in the increase of shoot density and the producation of multibranching rhizome. as the result of that, circular patchwas formed in a year. The branching structure based on such facts was represented graphically in branching degree of 60 and 100. therefore, c. epigeios with clonal growth may establish and grow vigorously earlier than other glycophytes in high salt conditions such as the coastal reclaimed land.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.10-17
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• 2005

This Study is concerned with the acceptance of Western timber structure and the interior space of church buildings in the early modern period in Korea. Timber roofs have represented a wide variety of constructional forms and have been fundamental to any technological appraisal of the evolution of both of Western and Eastern architecture. Especially the roof structure of the church buildings reflects the technological level, aesthetic sense, and spacial concepts of the age. Between Western timber structure and Korean timber structure, there are many differences in not only structural form but also form of roof, members, load, frame system and etc. And there were various types of framing technique such as timber truss, timber arch, timber vault in the western style church architecture in the early modern period in Korea. I have summarized the character of the acceptance process of Western timber structure and the influences on the interior space of church buildings.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1089-1097
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• 2006

The market demand of display devices is drastically increasing in the information technology age. The research on OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) display with the luminescence in itself is being more paid attention than LCD (Liquid Crystal display) with the light source from the back. The vapor deposition process is most essential in manufacturing OLED display. The temperature distribution of the linear cell in this process is closely related to securing the uniformity of organic materials on the substrate. This work analyzed the temperature distribution depending on the intervals between the crucible and the heating band as well as on the amount of the heat flux from the heating band. Moreover, the roles of the water jacket and the configuration of the cover within the linear cell were examined through the temperature analysis for six configurations of the linear cell. Under the above temperature analysis, the variations in the intervals and the amount of the heat flux were considered to have an effect on building the uniform temperature distribution within the crucible. It is predicted that the water jacket and the adequate configuration of the cover will prevent the blowout and clogging phenomena, respectively. The results can be used as the fundamental data for designing the optimal linear cell.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2020

Non-stationary random seismic response and reliability of multi-degree of freedom hysteretic structure system are studied based on the cumulative damage failure mechanism. First, dynamic Eqs. of multi-degree of freedom hysteretic structure system under earthquake action are established. Secondly, the random seismic response of a multi-degree freedom hysteretic structure system is investigated by the combination of virtual excitation and precise integration. Finally, according to the damage state level of structural, the different damage state probability of high-rise frame structure is calculated based on the boundary value of the cumulative damage index in the seismic intensity earthquake area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity and the same floor quality and stiffness, the lower the floor is, the greater the damage probability of the building structure is; if the structural floor stiffness changes abruptly, the weak layer will be formed, and the cumulative damage probability will be the largest, and the reliability index will be relatively small. Meanwhile, with the increase of fortification intensity, the reliability of three-level structure fortification is also significantly reduced. This method can solve the problem of non-stationary random seismic response and reliability of high-rise buildings, and it has high efficiency and practicability. It is instructive for structural performance design and estimating the age of the structure.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-219
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• 2016

High-early-strength-concrete (HESC) made of Type III cement reaches approximately 50-70 % of its design compressive strength in a day in ambient conditions. Experimental investigations were made in this study to observe the effects of temperature, curing time and concrete strength on the accelerated development of compressive strength in HESC. A total of 210 HESC cylinders of $100{\times}200mm$ were tested for different compressive strengths (30, 40 and 50 MPa) and different curing regimes (with maximum temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$) at different equivalent ages (9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 100 and 168 h) From a series of regression analyses, a generalized rate-constant model was presented for the prediction of the compressive strength of HESC at an early age for its future application in precast prestressed units with savings in steam supply. The average and standard deviation of the ratios of the predictions to the test results were 0.97 and 0.22, respectively.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 1992

This study is an architectural investigation paper which has been investigated for 5 years from 1986 about commoner's traditional houses and village in southwestern island area of Korea. Man has lived in this area form the prehistoric age. But from 13C to 14C and in 16C most of people had left this islands by external invasion (Japan) and from 17C many people have lived in real earnest. This area did not have cultural interchange easily than inland area because of geographical conditions, Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exist. The time of builging of these houses is mainly 19C and building shape of those days remains nearly as it is. About 450 houses have been investigated for 5 years. The composition of the houses is composed of Anchae (a centeral house), Sarangchae (an attached house of anchae) and Chukganchae (It has rest room and stores barnyard manure). Somtimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ'shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. In the scale of the house, Anchae averages $41m^2$ and Sarangchae averages $27m^2$.