• 감성과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2022

Human can rapidly detect and deal with dangerous elements in their environment, and they generally manifest as attentional bias toward threat. Past studies have reported that this attentional bias is affected by anxiety level. Other studies, however, have argued that children and adolescents show attentional bias to threatening stimuli, regardless of their anxiety levels. Few studies directly have compared the two age groups in terms of attentional bias to threat, and furthermore, most previous studies have focused on attentional capture and the early stages of attention, without investigating further attentional holding by the stimuli. In this study, we investigated both attentional bias patterns (attentional capture and holding) with respect to negative emotional stimulus in neurotypical adults and adolescents. The effects of anxiety level on attentional bias were also examined. The results obtained for adult participants showed that abrupt onset of a distractor delayed attentional capture to the target, regardless of distractor type (angry or neutral faces), while it had no effect on attention holding. In adolescents, on the other hand, only the angry face distractor resulted in longer reaction time for detecting a target. Regarding anxiety, state anxiety revealed a significant positive correlation with attentional capture to a face distractor in adult participants but not in adolescents. Overall, this is the first study to investigate developmental tendencies of attentional bias to negative facial emotion in both adults and adolescents, providing novel evidence on attentional bias to threats at different ages. Our results can be applied to understanding the attentional mechanisms in people with emotion-related developmental disorders, as well as typical development.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Gait-based classification has gained much interest as a possible authentication method because it incorporate an intrinsic personal signature that is difficult to mimic. The study investigates machine learning techniques to mitigate the natural variations in gait among different subjects. We incorporated several machine learning algorithms into this study using the data mining package called Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). WEKA's convenient interface enabled us to apply various sets of machine learning algorithms to understand whether each algorithm can capture certain distinctive gait features. First, we defined 24 gait features by analyzing three-axis acceleration data, and then selectively used them for distinguishing subjects 10 years of age or younger from those aged 20 to 40. We also applied a machine learning voting scheme to improve the accuracy of the classification. The classification accuracy of the proposed system was about 81% on average.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.686-695
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• 2002

Samples of Corbicula ( Corbicula) japonica Prime of Namdae Stream in Gangnung were collected from November 2000 to October 2001. Age of C. (C.) japonica was determined from the rings on the shell, The shell length of the samples ranged from 8 mm to 38 mm. The ring on the shell was formed once a year in March. Von Bertalanffy's growth parameters were estimated using a nonlinear regression method, asyinptotie shell length ($L_{\omega}$) was 48,98 mm, K was 0.20421year, theoretical age at 0 shell length $(t_0)$ was 0.3169 year, and asymptotic total weight ($W_{\omega}$) was 41.37 g. The formula of allomeky between shell length (L, mm) and total weight (W, g) of the brackish water clam was W=3.42$\times$10^{-4}L^{3}. The annual survival rate was estimated at 0.3799, instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was 0.5007/year, and instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality was 0.46721year. The age at first capture was estimated at 2.1593 year using shell length compositions of the brackish water clam, The current yield-per-recruit at 0.4672/year of fishing mortality was 0.6595 g. F_0.1 was estimated at 0.1865/year, Acceptable biological catch was estimated at 14.4 metric ton.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.344-348
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• 2006

The ecological characteristics and stock biomass of the Shiba shrimp, Metapenaeus joyneri, in Korean waters were determined, using fishery data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) and available length frequency data. The instantaneous coefficient of total mortality (Z) of M. joyneri was estimated to be 4.191year, and the annual survival rate (S) was 0.015. The estimated instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality (F) for recent years was calculated to be 1.94/year. The age at first capture of M. joyneri was 0.71 years. Based on these parameters, the annual biomass of the M. joyneri stock was estimated using a biomass-based cohort analysis and data on the annual catch in weight at age for 1993-2004 in Korean waters. During the study period, the biomass of the shrimp peaked in 1994 at about 9,082 metric tons. Subsequently, it decreased to 500 metric tons in 1998.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2012

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effects of the heights on the lower extremities, torso and neck segments for energy dissipation during single-leg drop landing from different heights. Twenty eight young healthy male subjects(age: $23.21{\pm}1.66yr$, height: $176.03{\pm}4.22cm$, weight: $68.93{\pm}5.36kg$) were participated in this study. The subjects performed the single-leg drop landing from the various height(30, 45 & 60 cm). Force plates and motion-capture system were used to capture ground reaction force and kinematics data, respectively. The results were as follows. First, the ROM at the ankle, knee, hip and trunk was increased with the increased heights but the ROM at the neck was increased in the 60cm. Second, the angular velocity, moment and eccentric work at the ankle, knee, hip, trunk, and neck was increased with the increased heights. Third, the contribution to total work at the knee joint was not significantly different, while the ankle joint rate was decreased and hip and neck rate was increased in the 60cm, and trunk rate was increased with the increased heights. Lastly, the increase in landing height was able to augment the level of energy dissipation not only at the lower extremities but also at the trunk and neck. The findings showed that drop landing affect trunk and neck with lower extremity joints. Therefore, we need to consider that trunk and neck strengthening including stability should be added to reduce sports injury during prevention training.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.448-453
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• 2015

This study was performed to estimate biomass and to provide management plan through population ecological characteristics, including survival rate, instantaneous coefficient of natural and fishing mortalities, and age at first capture of Flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, in the coastal waters of Yeosu. Survival rate (S) of the flathead grey mullet was 3.671. The instantaneous coefficients of natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) was estimated to be 0.325/year, 0.962/year for flathead grey mullet. Also fist capure age of flathead grey mullet was 3.61year. The current biomass of the flathead grey mullet in the study area was estimated to be 19.6 M/T and $F_{0.1}$ and $F_{40%}$ were estimated 0.340/year, 0.225/year. For the stock assessment result, flathead grey mullet was not overfished but overfishing.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 남해안 개조개의 자원생태학적 특성치인 생잔율 (S = 0.5174), 순간자연사망계수 (M = 0.2012/year) 및 순간어획사망계수 (F = 0.4578/year), 어획개시연령 ($t_c\;＝\;2.7506$ 세), 자원량 (B = 8.362 톤) 을 추정하였다. 갯장어 자원을 가입당생산량모델에 적용시킨 결과, 현재의 순간어획사망계수 (F = 0.4578/year), 어획개시연령 ($t_c\;＝\;2.7506$ 세) 에서의 가입당생산량은 80.89 g으로 추정되었다. 따라서 현재의 순간어획사망계수를 그대로 유지한다면 어획개시연령을 4 세 이상으로 높여야 하고, 현재의 어획개시연령을 유지한다면 순간어획사망계수를 0.2 보다 낮은 수준으로 낮추어야한다. $F_{0.1}$의 경우, 2 세에서 65.69 g으로 가장 높은 가입당생산량을 나타내고 있다. 또한 가입당산란자원량모델을 이용하여 생물학적 관리기준인 $F_{40%}$의 값을 현재의 어획상태를 고려하여 추정하였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

바지락 (Ruditapes philippinarum) 은 모래와 진흙이 많은 연안에 주로 분포하지만 드물게 울산의 태화강처럼 하천의 중류나 하류에서도 분포한다. 울산 태화강에서는 예전부터 바지락이 서식해 왔으며 인근 어민들의 전통적인 소득원으로서 주요 수산자원의 대상이 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 2009년 6월부터 2010년 6월까지 바지락의 현장조사를 통하여 자원생태학적 특성, 자원량 및 적정어획량 등의 자원평가를 실시하고 지속가능한 자원관리의 방안 제시 및 어업정책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 태화강 바지락의 수명은 6세로 추정되었고 von Bertalanffy growth function에 의하여 성장계수 K 및 $L_{\infty}$은 0.341 및 46.64 cm로 구해졌다. Pauly 방법에 의한 순간전사망계수 (Z) 및 어획개시연령 ($t_c$) 은 1.171/년과 1.37년으로 구해졌고 현재의 순간어획사망계수는 0.626/년으로 계산되었다. 바지락의 자원량은 총 서식면적 $1.46\;km^2$과 평균 면적당 생체량 1,005.3 g/$m^2$으로 1,483톤으로 추정되었다. 조사해역 바지락의 순간어획사망계수 (F) 에 대한 가입당생산량 (Y/R) 과 어획개시연령 ($t_c$) 과의 관계는 현재의 어획개시연령인 1.37세, 현재의 순간어획사망계수 F 에서 가입당생산량이 1.38 g임을 나타내고 있으며 적정어획사망계수 ($F_{0.1}$)에 의한 연간 생물학적 허용어획량 (ABC) 은 512톤으로 산정되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

In order to understand the effect of introduction of oyster rack culture on natural short-necked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, stock, we investigated the status of natural clam stock prior to introduction of oyster rack culture at Yeongheung Coast of Wando Island. The growth equation of the clam was estimated as: $L_t=61.46{\cdot}(1-e^{-0.172(t+0.155)})$ from ring radius composition of shell. Instantaneous coefficient of total mortality and natural mortality were calculated as: 2.4087/year and 0.478/year, respectively. The age at first capture was estimated to be 2.55 year. The total biomass was estimated to 3.23 ton in the bed (0.8 ha). Applied by these parameters, the annual recruit biomass and the current yield per recruit (Y/R) was corresponded to $114.7individuals/m^2$ and $92.0g/m^2$, respectively. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was estimated 0.77 ton/year which was close to annual catches, 0.74 ton/year, in the area.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.282-290
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• 1992

한국근해 참조기의 지난 20여년 동안의 어획자료를 사용하여 잉여생산량 모델에 의해 추정된 MSY를 비교하여 보면, Shaefer와 Fox 모델에 의하여 추정된 값들은 각각 37,000mt와 33,450mt였고, Zhang 모델에 의하여 자원량과 순간어획사망계수를 적용시킨 MSY는 45,328mt, 자원량과 어획량 자료를 이용하는 방법에서는 40,160mt로 각각 추정되었다 이 현상은 이 모델들이 각기 독립된 다른 자료를 이용하여 MSY를 추정하였으나, 추정된 값은 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 참조기자원을 가입당생산량 모델에 적용시킨 결과를 사용하여 자원관리 방안을 모색해 보면, 가능한 최대 가입당 생산량이 43g임에 비하여 현재의 $t_c=0.604, F=1.11$에서의 가입당생산량은 약 20g정도에 불과하다 여기서 $t_c$를 현재 상태로 고정시킨 후. 가입당생산량을 높이는 방안을 생각해 보면, F를 현재의 1.11에서 0.4 정도로 낮추어야 하나, 가입당생산량의 큰 증가는 없다. 즉, 현재의 20g에서 25g밖에 증가되지 않는다. 그러나, 현재의 어획강도(F)를 고정시키는 경우에는 $t_c$를 현재의 0.604세에서 3세 부근으로 조정하면 최대의 가입당생산량(43g)을 얻을 수 있고, 이 $t_c$ 값은 역시 $F_{0.1}$, 방법에서 추정된 적정어획체장을 연령으로 환산한 결과와 거의 일치함을 알 수 있다. Zhang모델을 이용한 자원의 회복 방안에서 참조기 자원의 최대생산가능 자원량$(B^*_{MSY})$를 유지시키려면 F를 약 0.5 수준으로 낮추어야 하고. 이 수준에서 약 8년 뒤에는 자원량이 적정 수준에 거의 접근하게 된다.-저층의 경우, 난류성 종인 E. russelli와 E. plana가 출현하며 수온이 $12^{\circ}C$이상인 제주도 서북방 해역이 난류의 영향을 받는 해역으로 나타났으며, 저온성 종인 C. abdominalis가 출현하는 진도 이북 해역이 황해 냉수괴인 것으로 나타났다. 하계 0-20m층의 진도부관 해역 및 20m- 저층의 진도 이북 해역에서 C. abdominalis가 출현하는 것으로 보아 냉수괴가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.H와 온도에 대해서 복상어의 trypsin은 고등어의 두 trypsin보다 알칼리성측과 고온에 대해 안정하였으며, 저해제에 의하여서는 복상어 trypsin이 보다 예민하게 나타났다. 또한 BA-p-NA 합성기질에 대한 친화성에 있어서는 고등어의 두 trypsin이 복상어의 trypsin보다 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 5. 아미노산 조성은 세 효소 모두 비슷하였으나, 고등어 trypsin B의 경우 arginine의 함량이 높은 특징을 보였다. 산성아미노산과 염기성아미노산의 비는 복상어 trypsin이 3.57, 고등어 trypsin A는 3.36, 그리고 고등어 trypsin B는 2.23이었다./TEX>에 의하여 저해를 받았으며, 그 저해의 정도는 고등어 trypsin-A와 B가 보다 심하게 받았다. 또 이들 효소들은 antipain, leupeptin, TLCK(to-syllysine chloromethyl ketone) 및 SBTI(soybean trypsin inhibitor)에 의하여 현저한 저해를 받았고, PMSF(phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride), DFP(diisopropyl fluorophosphate) 및 benzamidine에 의하여 어느정도 저해를 보여 모두 serine-계의