• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.30.1-30.11
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• 2018

Background: Recently, as production costs have been increasing owing to rising feed prices worldwide, shortening the age of slaughter has been recognized as a way to increase farm income. In Korea, the raising period for Hanwoo steers is over 31 months with the delay of weaning and castration stated as one of the reasons for the increase in the raising period. Thus far, studies on age of weaning and castration have been conducted individually, and there have been no studies on the combined effects of weaning and castration ages on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Weaning ages were calculated at 80 or 130 days of age, and castration ages were calculated at 90 days and 180 days of age. Calves were allocated to one of the four treatment groups: W80C90 (weaning at 80 days of age and castration at 90 days of age), W80C180, W130C90, and W130C180. Results: For the entire experimental period, weaning and castration ages did not significantly affect growth performance of Hanwoo steers. In addition, weaning and castration ages did not affect the overall yield and quality traits of carcass in Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Weaning and castration ages had small effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Therefore, the early weaning and castration ages are recommended to reduce the slaughter age without any negative effects on meat quality grade.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

Tree-ring width analysis has been used to assess the effects of air pollution on tree growth around industrial complexes. Our study was conducted to elucidate the effect of air pollutants on annual ring growth in black pines (Pinus thunbergii) of age 41$\sim$48 years around Ulsan Metropolitan City. The growth data were analyzed by multiple regression and the results are as follows: 1. The annual ring increment of black pines increased with tree age until age 40 years and then decreased gradually after age 40 years. 2. The increment of annual ring width of black pines was affected more by precipitation and evapotranspiration than air temperature. An annual ring decline appeared in the years 1968$\sim$1983, when annual ring indices below zero were observed. Decreased annual ring growth during this period may have been due to air pollution. 3. The heavy metal with the strongest effect on annual ring growth of black pines in the experimental stand was lead (Pb). The concentration of lead in the stand was estimated as over 6 ppm. 4. The technique of tree-ring width analysis may be useful for estimation of the extent of pollution in forest areas near industrial complexes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.521-529
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• 2000

Objectives : To assess height, weight and body mass index from childhood to adolescence according to the age at menarche and hence to study the influence of childhood growth on the menarche age. Methods : $\lceil$The Kangwha Study$\rfloor$was a community-based prospective cohort study which included the entire population of 219 female first graders in Kangwha county in 1986. Among the 219 girls, 119 girls who had received complete follow up checks during the study period$(1986\sim1997)$, were included in this study, except one for whom menarche age information was unavailable. The remaining 118 girls were divided into three groups according to the timing of menarche : early(<25 percentile), intermediate and late($\geq75$ percentile) maturers. Results : The average age at menarche was 12.7 years . early 11.3 years, intermediate 12.6 years and late 13.7 years. The early maturers were taller and heavier between $6\sim8$ years. But, the mean weight and body mass index at the menarche age did not differ statistically among the three groups. The weight and body mass index of the early maturers were consistently higher than those of the late maturers over the entire period of the study. Conclusions : Critical body weight and body mass index must be attained for menstruation to be attained and the age at menarche is largely determined by the childhood growth. In addition, it seems that childhood growth and age at menarche are associated with adolescent weight and body mass index.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of psychological acceptance and social support on posttraumatic growth in stomach cancer patients. Methods: The questionnaires were administered from January 14 to February 11, 2015 to 123 subjects who had stomach cancer surgery six months prior. SPSS statistics 21.0 software was used to analyze the data for t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, Scheffé test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of this study are as follows: The major factors related to posttraumatic growth included gender (t=-2.72, p=.007), age (r=-.21, p=.016), having a religion (t=-3.40, p<.001), perceived importance of religion (r=.43, p<.001), seriousness of cancer diagnosis (r=.25, p=.005) and impact of cancer diagnosis (r=.32, p<.001). There were significant relationships between psychological acceptance (r=.18, p=.041) and social support (r=.32, p<.001) on posttraumatic growth. Significantly influential factors of posttraumatic growth were age (β=-.19, p=.021), perceived importance of religion (β=.41, p<.001) and family support (β=.29, p<.001), which together accounted for 36.5% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. Conclusion: The result of current study indicated that age, importance of religion, and family support influenced posttraumatic growth. Based on the findings of this study, developing nursing intervention programs focusing on increasing posttraumatic growth in stomach cancer patients is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2009

The growth performance of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was studied with six provenances originated from U.S. in a Hwasong plantation. Height and diameter growth were significantly different among provenances. In general, the growth of southern provenances were larger than that of northern provenances. Georgia and North Carolina provenances proved to be appropriate ones in our plantation, while Minnesota was worst in growth. Annual height growth was still increased at age 27, whereas annual diameter growth was highest at age 11, after that growth rate was gradually decreased. Pearson's correlation among ages was highly positively correlated. The rank of growth has not almost been changed from juvenile stages to at age 27.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2005

We studied age and growth of the sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus, to obtain some informations regarding its sustainable production and appropriate resources reinforcement. The samples were collected at two locations (Ongpo and Bubhwan) in Jeju, Korea. Annual rings were formed from October to January, and this period was well matched with the time just prior to or during their reproduction. Two population regression lines generated by using Walford's plotting with mean radius of each age group showed significant differences in their growth rate between the two sampling locations (p<0.0l). When the regression equations were calculated using either madreporite's radius (R) and test diameter (L) or body weight (W) and test diameter (L), the results were L=23.830+ 11.735R and $W=0.0004L^3$, and no statistically significant differences were detected between the two populations (p>0.2). Based on the data of madreporite's radius and test diameters, two estimated growth equations were $L_t(mm)=72.988(1-e^{-0.412(t-0.596)}\;and\;L_t(mm)=70.195(1-e{-0.365(t-0.51l)}$ in Ongpo and Bubhwan population, respectively. Three distinct annulus groups were recognizable within the distribution of the radii of the annual rings measured from age I to age 5. The mean radii calculated from the same annulus group were all identical even though they were from different age groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.861-866
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• 2011

Using skeletochronology in the Daejung-eup, Jeju, we determined the age structure of Kaloula borealis. The study was performed during the breed season in June 2009. We measured the snout-vent length(SVL) and body weigth(BW) and analyzed the age structure of 38 male and 58 female frogs. The mean value of SVL is $43.69{\pm}3.44mm$ in males and $46.32{\pm}4.23mm$ in females. The age at first reproduction was estimated to be 2 years of age in males and 3 years in females. The oldest males and females were 8 and 10 years of age, respectively. Therefore, the longevity in this species was estimated to be more than 8 years for males and 10 years for females. So, females live longer than males. Also, this difference between the male and the female in age structure was significant. We estimated the growth curve for Kaloula borealis using von Bertalanffy growth model. The growth coefficient (K) was 0.56 in male and 0.41 in female. The asymptotic size was 46.41 mm in male and 50.22 mm in female.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2004

Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from the displacement-loop (D-loop) region (436 bp) were genotyped and sequenced in Japanese Black beef cattle raised in the same herd. Correlation coefficients between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, maternal lineage, birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight, post weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were computed. The objective was to study the relationship between maternal and postnatal growth traits and to investigate if postnatal growth of calves to yearling age could be accurately predicted from mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed 17 maternal lineages and four mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. There were strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations among maternal traits ranging from 0.52 to 0.98. Similarly, among postnatal growth traits, most of the correlations were also strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.001); the highest correlation of 0.94 was between preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight. However, correlations between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and postnatal growth traits were very low, mostly negative and non-significant (p>0.05) ranging from -0.05 to 0.1. Prediction of postnatal growth from mitochondrial DNA yielded very low $R^{2}$ values ranging from 0.002 to 0.019. It was concluded that mitochondrial DNA polymorphism has no significant association with postnatal growth from birth to yearling age, and by implication, nuclear rather than cytoplasmic DNA, accounts for most of the genetic variation observed in postnatal growth of Japanese Black cattle. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA genotyping at an early age has no bearing on the accurate prediction of the future growth performance of calves.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 1998

I intended to be helpful to understand significant cause for treated patients comed to Dept of Pediatrics growth clinic in short stature of delayed growth and effect of oriental medical therapy. I studied at first 54 patients(36 men and 18 women) comed to Dept. of Pediatrics growth clinic of Dongguk Pundang Oriental Hospital and investigated characteristics, remidial value and side effect which 20 patients(1l men and 9 women) treated oriental medical therapy in short stature of delayed growth between June 1997 and October 1998. First study resulted the average was 8.37 year(chronological age), 6.96 year(bone age), 15.43 (height percentile by age), 164.2 cm(mid parental height) and the ratio of using the prescription was Bojunggunatang-derivative at first. second study resulted the distribusions of remedial values were improved(55.0%) and no improved(45.0%) patients. remedial values was affected by appetite.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

With advancements in neonatal care and nutrition, the postnatal growth of preterm infants has improved; however, it remains an issue. Accurate assessments of growth using a standardized reference are needed to interpret the intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns of preterm infants. Growth in the earlier periods of life can contribute to later outcomes, and the refinement of postnatal growth failure is needed to optimize outcomes. Catch-up growth occurs mainly before discharge and until 24 months of age, and very low birth weight infants in Korea achieve retarded growth later in life. Knowing an infant's perinatal history, reducing morbidity rates during admission, and performing regular monitoring after discharge are required. Preterm infants with a lower birth weight or who were small for gestational age are at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Furthermore, poor postnatal growth is predictive of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Careful monitoring and early intervention will contribute to better development outcomes and national public health improvements.