• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.199-221
• /
• 2023

This study examined the moderating effects of age and gender on the relationship between values and communication styles of Korean adults. Five hundred adult men and women across the country responded the questionnaires regarding cultural universal values (openness to change, self-enhancement, conservatism, and self-transcendence), cultural-specific values (collectivism, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, family recognition through achievement, and humility), high-context communication style, and low-context communication style. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of exploring the factors influencing the communication style, self-enhancement, emotional self-control, and self-transcendence significantly predicted the high-context communication style. Whereas openness to change, self-enhancement, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, and gender significantly predicted the low-context communication style. Second, age moderated the relationship between self-enhancement and high-context communication style. The high-context communication style significantly increased when the level of self-enhancement was high and the age was younger. Third, age and gender moderated the relationship between conformity to norms and high-context communication style. In the case of males with high conformity to norms and younger age, the high-context communication style significantly increased. Fourth, gender moderated the relationship between collectivism and low-context communication. As collectivism increased, men tended to increase low-context communication styles, while women tended to decrease it. Fifth, gender moderated the relationship between humility and low-context communication. In the case of women with high humility, their low-context communication style was significantly lowered. The implications and limitations of the results of this study were discussed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.243-254
• /
• 2008

Abstract - Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine smoking status and the relates factors in the rural elderly. Methods: This study was conducted with 2,421 elderly people(male 1,273 and female 1,148) residing in the selected 25 villages, and face-to-face interviews with the subjects were made from January 1 through March 30, 2002. Results: The average age of the male subjects was 72.7 and that of the female subjects 72.8. The investigation of smoking states showed that for male subjects, smokers accounted for 49.4%, nonsmokers 26.9%, and abstainers from smoking 23.7% and that for female subjects, smokers accounted for 18.3%, nonsmokers 75.4%, and abstainers from smoking 6.3%. The level of ?low ADL? was significantly higher in abstainers. In men, smoking rate had higher in alone, non-job, queerstreet, 「high ADL」. In women, smoking rate had higher in younger age, queerstreet, unhealthy, 「high ADL」. Conclusions: The smoking rate of the elderly was relatively high, especially at abstainers. The smoking status of elderly was correlated with age, family type, job, economic status by self-assessment, Self-recognition of health status, ADL level.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2003

1. Objects of Research This research is purposed to find role and treatment mind of Sasang constitutional medicine in human genome age, through summarizing recognition of human and etiology. treatment on diseases proposed in Sasang constitutional medicine 2. Methods of Research It was researched as bibliologically with Dong-mu's chief medical writings such as ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷${\lrcorner}$. 3. Results and Conclusions 1. The outlook on human of Sasang Constitutional Medicine was completed in the base on Confusianism and it recognized that human is consisted with congenital element based on 'Human nature-shape' and acquired element based on Knowledge-Acting. Dong-mu emphasised acquired element than inborn element. 2. Sasang Constitutional Medicine is thought that we ran overcome inborn limitation of each constitution through moral culture of aposteriori Knowledge-Acting. and that self-correction is methods which is applied to treatment of disease recovering Essential Qi of each constitution with moral culture of personality 3. Sasang Constitutional Medicine is recognizing Essential Qi by main standard that foretell prognosis of disease and emphasize recovery of Essential Qi through self-correction than way of 'Assisting-Good Qi' and 'Removig-Bad Qi' in treatment of disease. 4. Self-correction can be divided into non-herbal self-correction and herbal self-correction. Non-herbal self-correction is to control greed by aposteriori Knowledge-Acting and herbal self-correction is to recover Essential Qi by herb. 5. It is thought that the present constitutional disease is consisted by accumulating life habit nature of a disease of ordinary times, and Sasang Constitutional Medicine that present constitutional disease is treated through administration of life habit nature of a disease of ordinary times in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 6. Treatment mind to correct oneself into Golden Mean through controlling Knowledge-Acting in Sasang Constitutional Medicine may get into important treatment guide of gene medicine age.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.695-708
• /
• 2012

This study researched consumers' awareness regarding the commercialization of Korean traditional culture through various channels or products. A survey was administered to consumers in the Gyeonggi region(n=322) from June to August 2012. Differences in the importance placed on, and preferences for, attributes of Korean traditional fashion textile and Korean traditional patterns were analyzed according to consumer characteristics. Research results showed that the factors allowing recognition of Korean traditional textile in clothing and fashion accessories were color, pattern, and textile type, in the respective order. Overall, consumers generally perceived higher importance in using the factors of Korean traditional textile in clothing than in fashion accessories. Preferences for Korean traditional patterns differed according to the type of fashion item, i.e., clothing or fashion accessories, and also according to the age and gender of the consumer. Women generally showed a tendency to place higher value on Korean traditional patterns than men. The degree of preference was higher, as well. However, only a minor difference was seen according to pattern type. Women showed a higher preference for plant patterns, literal patterns, and geometric patterns compared with men. The preferred type of traditional pattern was also different according to age. Consumers in their 20s and 40s presented a higher preference for Korean traditional colors when compared with the 30s group. On the other hand, the preference for Korean traditional patterns was higher among consumers in their 40s than those in their 20s or 30s. The results of this study show that the awareness of consumers regarding Korean traditional textile reflected in clothing and fashion accessories differs according to gender or age. Thus, this implies the need to consider the differences in perceived importance and preferences among target consumer groups to develop various fashion products that use Korean traditional fashion textile.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.30
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1996

As a society is becoming more and more complicated people living in modern times are experiencing more stresses for various reasons. Some past research results proved the role of clothing in reducing the stresses. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the preference of the mini-style which is recently most fashionable styles is related to the psychological factors such as stress and body satisfaction. Measure Instrument were Nolmes and Masuda(1973)'s SRRS(Social Readjustment Rating Scal) Secord and Jourard(1953)' Body Cathexis Scale and mini-style preference scale by author Survey questionnaires were distributed to two hundred seventy adult women living in Seoul area during may 25 1992. through June 8. 1992. The age range of the subjects was from 30 to 49 The final number of subjects in-cluded in the statistical analysis was 244. The result and conclusions are as follows: 1. Significant difference was existed in mini-style preference between high and low body satisfaction groups. Mini-style was pre-ferred by high body satisfaction group than low body satisfaction group. 2, Significant difference was existed in mini-style preference between high and low stress groups. Mini-style was preferred by low stress group than high stress group. 3. Regarding demographic characteristics unmarried 2 year college graduates with low family income in their early 30's pref. mini-style. 4. There was a marginal interaction effect of demographic characteristics on the relation-ship between mini-style preference and body satisfaction. The higher preference and body satisfaction. The higher preference for mini-style was found for the higher body satis-faction group mostly with the age range of 35 to 39 married 4 year college graduates as drop-puts and mid less income group. 5. There was a marginal interaction effect of demographic variables on the relatonship be-tween mini style preference and stress level The higher preference for mini-style was re-lated to the low stress level group mostly with age group of 35 to 44 high school graduates or lower and highest income group regardless of their marital status. In sum mini-style seems to be preferred by women who feel relatively less stress and are more satisfied with their bodies thus psycho-logically stable.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest a foundational design direction for seniors, according to paradigm shift in aging society. This paper researched on current state of the aging society through literature study and defined the theoretical concept that set the foundation of the study. Secondly, for building an age-friendly city, relevant studies on seven cities were selected and their regional design guidelines were analyzed. As a result, essential design elements for building the aging-friendly city were defined as safety, recognition, and accessibility. A detailed design guideline that applies the three elements with understanding on seniors is required to construct the environment for a senior-friendly city. Ultimately, the result of this study is expected to be in practical use as a fundamental resource for age-friendly city design.

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.69
• /
• pp.5-40
• /
• 2007

The research against Youngdong area Bronze Age settlement structure the condition where the investigation against the area and the remains which are limited becomes accomplished and Only the dwelling site will be investigated from the early settlement of most and recognition there is not a possibility which it will investigate synthetically. The Early settlement to the time which reaches the size of the settlement is small and From Bangnae-ri phases the house possession area increases inside the hill and it follows on south and if dwelling site numbers under increasing, from the aspect where the size of the settlement is magnified seems and it is a position. The Middle settlement currently was confirmed as the beginning from the room village A ruins, it investigates a settlement structure to, the increase of data is necessary. Is Pottery with clay stripes, phases the Later Settlement which Dwelling site, Storeage, Earthenware Kiln, Ditch enclosure and Tomb, the Public dwelling site back large scale Pottery with clay stripes settlement of formation will be investigated from Bangdong-ri settlements which correspond to Songhyun-ri settlement which is a hill characteristic settlement which is located in rivers circumference and the higShland characteristic settlement to provide the data the cultural aspect and character and a settlement structure of Bronze Age postscript and it will be able to grasp.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out impact of level of awareness about old age, knowledge of the elderly and preparing for later life on college students in Korea. The study was composed of 133 students who were studying in 4-year system at colleges. Data were collected from October 1st to November 31st, 2019. Data analysis included an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using the SPSS 19.0 program. As a result of this study, factors influencing the subject's preparing for later life included knowledge of the elderly (β = 0.21, p = .012), men (β = 0.28, p = .001), and level of awareness about old age (β = 0.23, p =. 005), and the accounting power of these factors was 18% in total (F=9.14, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that understanding of the elderly must be improved in order to effectively prepare for later life and gender should be taken into account when planning for intervention.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.580-592
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study had been performed for Respondents who live in Daegu and Kyungbuk province Age group of 30 to 50 years old. Methods : The oral health state and oral heath care, dental treatments about the use of oral hygiene devices were obtained through self-administering questionnaires from 2 to 31, January, 2009. Results : 1. The toothpick was well known for respondents and automatic brush, gargle, dental floss were practically used. 2. 57.1% of man know oral hygiene device, they know more about oral hygiene device if they have higher degree, and they use more if they are older than others. 3. 55.5% of respondents who think their oral health condition is not healthy enough recognize oral hygiene device, 77.5% of respondents who visited dental clinic around six month recognize oral hygiene device. 82.4% of respondents who had been follow-up. 86.1% of respondents who think their oral health state is good enough doesn't use oral hygiene device, oral hygiene device was used more for respondents who visited dental clinic frequently. 47.1% of respondents who visited dental clinic periodically use oral hygiene device. 4. Respondents who experience implant recognize more about oral hygiene device and periodontal Tx, orthodontics problem, preservative treatment were next. 5. 60.0% of respondents who were educated tooth brushing method recognize it. Oral hygiene device was frequently used if tooth brushing time were increased. 26.4% of respondents who were changed their tooth brushing method used oral hygiene device. Conclusions : Their recognition level was practically low whose age is around 30 to 50. Their oral hygiene device use ratio is higher then others who were educated tooth brush method so that I think we need to recommend for use oral hygiene device and use method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to understand recognition and behaviors related to sodium intake of Korean adults. The data were collected from subjects including 267 male and 285 female adults in nationwide and compared by gender and by age. We found that the male group showed significantly higher smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise does the female group. The older group (40 to 59 years) revealed significantly higher exercise and lower alcohol drinking; however general disease and hypertension prevalence, diet therapy practice, and meditation for hypertension were higher. Recognizing sodium levels of foods containing high-sodium, and sodium-nutriture labels when purchasing foods, and knowing differences between salt and sodium of the male group or recognizing sodium levels of foods containing high-sodium of the older group was worse than the other. Among the 32 food behaviors, only 12 were identified as significantly correlated to sodium intake levels including behaviors of preferring Chinese and Japanese foods to Western foods, preferring kimchi to raw vegetables, completely consuming soup, stew, noodle liquid, liking of dried fish and salted mackerel, frequent eat-outs or delivered foods, and so forth. There were significant differences between gender or age groups in terms of sodium intake-increasing behaviors; the male group showed higher behaviors of preferring salty taste and eating all broths. And the older group revealed higher behavior of adding table salt as well as the previous two, however, the younger group showed more behaviors of eat-outs or delivered foods and not the liquid of kimchi.