• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1147-1155
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• 2018

Agaricus blazei mycelial liquid culture extract (ABMLCE) promoted the production of testosterone (TS) in TM-3 mouse Leydig testis cells. Now, we report that ABMLCE containing eritadenine (EA) as a minor constituent (15.3 mg/100 g) reduced $5{\alpha}-reductase$ 2 ($5{\alpha}-R2$) enzyme activity and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) content which are key constituents for the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) inductions. RWPE-1 prostate cells were grown in a Keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM) containing ABMLCE (0~50 ppm), EA (0~10 ppm,), and finasteride (FS $10{\mu}M$: a positive control) in a 24-well plate for 24 hr. Supernatants collected from cell-cultured media were used for the assay of $5{\alpha}-R2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activities, and for TS, DHT, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) contents by their assay kits. The $5{\alpha}-R2$ activity and DHT content were proportionally reduced (p<0.05) to concentrations of ABMLCE. The SOD and CAT enzyme activities were significantly (p<0.05) elevated concomitant with ABMLCE concentrations, while COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ showed reverse results (p<0.05). Similarly, the effects of EA were similar to those of ABMLCE. Efficacies of ABMLCE 50 ppm and EA 10 ppm in $5{\alpha}-R2$ and DHT reduction were similar to those of $10{\mu}M$ FS. These results suggest that ABMLCE and EA reduced $5{\alpha}-R2$ and DHT through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. This implies that ABMLCE containing EA could be a beneficial material in the cure of BPH in humans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1402-1408
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• 2010

The effects of rice hull (RH) powder on the anticarcinogenic activity of submerged-liquid cultures of Agaricus blazei Murill (AB) were assessed for mouse ascites cancers induced by mouse Sarcoma S-180 (S-180) cancer cells. Optimal growth of AB mycelia in the basal liquid culture medium, containing soybean meal, was achieved by culturing at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days, when evaluated by $\beta$-glucan content, Brix, and mycelial weight, relative to other culture conditions. Hot-water extract (HWE) of the submergedliquid culture of AB mycelia grown at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days exhibited a stronger anticarcinogenic activity, relative to HWE from other culture conditions. No such effects were obtained from AB mycelial cultures by alternative temperature-controlling cultures. Both cytotoxicity for S-180 cells and anticarcinogenic potentials for mouse ascites cancer of the HWE from AB mycelia grown in the basal medium containing 1% RH powder for 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$ were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced, relative to HWE from the AB mycelia culture of the basal medium without RH powder. These results indicate that HWE of submerged-liquid culture of AB mycelia, incubated in media containing 1% RH powder at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days, enhanced anticarcinogenic activity against S-180 cell-induced mouse ascites cancer, and suggest that RH powder is an excellent ingredient for the improvement of the anticarcinogenic potentials of the submerged-liquid culture of mushroom mycelia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.648-655
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• 2018

Enhancement mechanistic actions of testosterone (TS) productions in mouse Leydig TM3 cells by the eritadenine (EA) and/or the Agaricus blazei mycelial liquid culture extract (ABMLCE). Productions of TS in TM3 cells were investigated in normal and oxidative-stressed culture conditions. In the normal culture condition, TM3 cells grown in a Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) were treated with EA (0~100 ppm) and ABMLCE (10 ppm) + EA (0~50 ppm) for 24 hr, and in the oxidative-stressed culture condition, the cells grown in DMEM containing $50{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ to induce oxidative stress for 4 h were treated with the same as those in the normal culture condition. TS content, $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD3B2) enzyme activity, $5{\alpha}$-reductase 2 ($5{\alpha}-R2$) enzyme activity, and free-radical nitric oxide (NO) content in the culture media were measured using their corresponding assay kits. EA, ABMLCE, and ABMLCE + EA significantly, p<0.05, enhanced TS productions in both cultural conditions, relative to control treatment. The activity of the HSD3B2 enzyme, which is involved in the production of precursors for TS production, was elevated by EA, ABMLCE, and ABMLCE + EA treatments in both culture conditions. The activity of the $5{\alpha}-R2$ enzyme, which converts TS to dihydroxytestosterone (DHT), was not significantly affected in either culture condition by EA, ABMLCE, or ABMLCE + EA treatments. The treatments included reduced NO content. These results indicate that EA, ABMLCE, and EA + ABMLCE treatments elevated TS in TM3 cells via the enhancements of HSD3B2 activity and the reduction of NO production, and also imply that EA and ABMLCE or EA + ABMLCE could be useful materials for the production of TS in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2004

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the submerged-liquid culture of mushrooms was measured using two systems : linoleic acid and mouse liver microsomes induced by various free radical sources. Mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Neutari), Phellinus linteus (Sanghwang), Paecilomyces japonicus (Dongchunghacho), Hericicum erinacium (Norugungdengyee) and Agaricus blazei (Shinryeong) in 1% mulberry tree powder-supplemented medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (200 rpm, $25^{\circ}C$) for 3 days. Hot water extracts of mycelial cultures were freeze-dried, followed by fractioning with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol in the order. Antioxidant activity of each sample was examined in free radical-induced linoleic acid oxidation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS ) solution by measuring the amount of malonaldehyde (MA), and mouse liver microsomal systems by measuring the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In linoleic acid oxidation system, hot water extracts from the cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phellinus linteus, and Paecilomyces japonicus exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than aqueous or butanol fraction and the combined fraction of hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, but the hot water extract from Pleurotus ostreatus culture was the strongest activity. The antioxidant activity of the hot water extract from Pleurotus ostreatus culture was stronger than any other fractions in mouse microsomal system. These results suggest that hot water extract of Pleurotus ostreatus culture, and the cultures of Phellinus linteus and Paecilomyces japonicus could be useful for functional materials to reduce the oxidation of lipids in food systems induced by free radicals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2004

Effect of mulberry tree powders on the antioxidant activity of submerged -liquid culture of mushrooms was investigated. Agaricus blazei (AB), Hericicum erinacium (HE), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), Phellinus linteu (PL) and Paecilomyces japonicus (PJ) were cultured in a shaking incubator (200 rpm, $25^{\circ}C$) for 7 days in culture media: 1) basal medium (BM) and 2) BM+1% mulberry tree powders (BMM). Hot water extracts from the submerged-liquid cultures of mushrooms and BMM were freeze-dried for the measurement of antioxidant activity, of which reaction mixture (25 mL: 10 mL of 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0; 4.5 mL distilled water; and 10.5 mL ethanol) contained 275 $\mu$mol linoleic acid and one mg test sample. The reaction mixture was incubated in a shaking incubator (200 rpm, 4$0^{\circ}C$) for 16 days. Peroxide value (POV) was measured for a period of over 16 days, and malonaldehyde (MA) was determined only for samples from the day 16 of incubation. Mycelial weight of mushroom strains cultured in BMM was greater than BM. The antioxidant activities of AB-cultured in BW (AB-BMM) and HE-cultured in BMM (HE-BMM) were superior to those of other mushroom strains-cultured in BMM or BM and of BMM. These results suggest that mulberry tree powders enhance the antioxidant activity of submerged-liquid culture of mushroom strains. The AB-BMM and HE-BMM were the most active cultures.