• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2002

본 연구는 숙련자와 초보자간의 퍼팅 스트로크 특성을 비교하여 바람직한 모델을 제시하고자, 프로골퍼 5명과 아마추어골퍼 5명 등 10명을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 실험은 실내의 인조잔디에서 진행되었으며, 퍼팅거리는 3 m 였다. 두 대의 AG 456 비디오카메라(60Hz, 1/500 s)를 이용하여 퍼팅 스트로크 전과정과 볼의 움직임을 녹화하였으며, 이때 실험오차를 최소화하기 위하여 움직임 크기에 알맞은 통제점틀($0.3{\times}0.3{\times}1.0m$)을 제작하여 사용하였다. 본 실험의 연구결과에 따르면 퍼터의 전체 움직임에서는 퍼팅라인 방향 이동 변위 중 폴로스루 구간과 전체구간에서 숙련자와 초보자간에 매우 의미있는 차이(p<.001)가 있었다. 퍼터의 이동시간에서는 전체스윙시간에서 초보자들이 숙련자들보다 매우 의미 있는 차이(p<.0001)로 빠르게 클럽을 이동시키는 것으로 나타났다. 임팩트 지역에서 동일한 시간(0.167 초) 동안에 클럽의 퍼팅라인 방향 움직임에 있어서는 초보자가 숙련자보다 평균차이 4.258cm 더 많이 움직였으며, 임팩트 시점에서 스위트 스폿의 속도는 초보자가 평균차이 0.2578 m/s 더 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 볼에 직접적인 영향을 주는 임팩트 직전(-0.0167s)에서 임팩트(0.0000s)까지의 변위 벡터의 방향은 숙련자의 경우에 퍼트 선과거의 일치하는 반면에 초보자들은 퍼트 선과 어긋났다. 클럽헤드의 스윙궤도는 숙련자가 inside to inside 인 반면에 초보자는 outside to inside로 나타났다. 퍼팅 스트로크는 볼과 클럽의 접촉에 의한 결과이므로 클럽의 움직임도 중요하지만 볼이 움직인 결과도 매우 중요하다. 따라서 볼의 움직임에 대한 연구도 병행되어야 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1993

Procedures to separate motile. normal & motile and acrosome-reacted sperm with high efficiency have clinical application in Assisted Reproductive Technology in terms of increasing the probability of fertilization by a normal sperm and subsequent normal embryonic development. This study evaluated the effects of 10 sperm preparation techniques [Swim-up from a washed pellet (SU). Swim-up from semen (SO). Continuous Percoll Gradients I (PIC). Discontinuous Percoll Gradients I (PID). Continuous Percoll Gradients II(P II C). Discontinuous Percoll Gradients II(P II D), SpermPrep (SFC). Wang's tube (WT). Albumin Gradients (AG), Low temperature capacitation (LTC)] on motility (%), normal morphology (%), motile sperm recovery rate(%). morphologically normal & motile sperm recovery rate (%), true acrosome reaction (%) and fertilizing ability. A P II D proved to be an effective means of separating morphologically normal & motile sperm. Our results indicated the P II D has advantages as compared with other methods in terms of recovery rate. enhancement of motility and normal morphology. And a LTC seems to be an effective means of enhancing the true acrosome reaction and fertilizing ability. These results suggest that the combined method of LTC and P II D for separation of morphologically normal & motile sperm and acrosome reacted sperm may be a useful procedure for intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization in the management of male factor infertility as well as for isolation of subpopulation of sperm for basic research.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.70-81
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• 2000

DA-5018 is a synthetic capsaicin derivative under development as a non-narcotic a analgesic ag$\varepsilon$nt. DA-50 18 showed a potent analgesic activity against acute and chronic pain m model(Tablel, 2.), but it had a narrow margin of safety. DA-5018 did not bind to opioid(${\kappa}, {\delta}, {\mu}$), NKl, CGRP receptors in vitro and its analgesic effect was not antagonized by naloxone, a and it did not develop analgesic tolerance. In addition DA-5018 had no inhibitory effects against c cyclooxygenase and 5-lipooxygenase activities. DA-5018 significantly increased the relcase of substance P from the slices of the rat spinal cord. These results suggest that DA-50 18 is not a narcotic nor aspirin-like analgesic and the release of substance P is one of analgesic mechanism of action of DA-5018. We found that DA-5018 was almost ten times more potent and was at l least IOO-times less irritable compared to capsaicin. Accordingly development of topical formula was adopted. Topical formula was desiged and screened by flux test of DA-5018 using hairless mouse skin and several formulas were selected. With these topical formulas we a assessed the analgesic efficacy and carried out the toxicity, skin irritation and pharmacokinetic studies. In streptozotocin-induced hyperalgesic rat and 50 % galactose-fed hyperalgesic rat as diabetic pain models, DA-5018 cream increased the pain thresh이ds up to 77.0% and 24.4% respectively, while Zostrix-HP(capsaicin cream) incr$\varepsilon$as cd by 65.9% and 21.0%. DA-5018 c cream showed a good analgesic effect as welI in FCA-induced arthritic rat. DA-5018 cream did not show any toxicological signs in acute and chronic toxicity test and had little skin irritation in car swclIing and scratching t$\varepsilon$st. Pharmacokinetics of DA-50 18 were studied after topical application of ${14}^C$-Iabelled or unlabelIed DA-5018 cream. Plasma and skin concentrations c except applied skin wcre below the dctection limit and after 7-day cummulative application, plasma concentrations were also below detection limit DA-50 18 may have an advantag$\varepsilon$ ov$\varepsilon$r c capsaicin and is now being developed as a topical agent for the treatment of pains. DA-50 18 cream was approved for Korean IND and is now under a Phase II clinical study for arthritic pain a after finising Phase I study. DA-50 18 was also liscensed out to Stiefel Company in America in

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.302-311
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• 2004

Comamonas testosteroni (formerly Pseudomonas sp.) NCIMB 10643 can grow on biphenyl and alkylbenzenes $(C_2-C_7)$ via 3-substituted catechols. Thus, to identify the genes encoding the degradation, transposon-mutagenesis was carried out using pAG408, a promoter-probe mini-transposon with a green fluorescent protein (GFP), as a reporter. A mutant, NT-1, which was unable to grow on alkylbenzenes and biphenyl, accumulated catechols and exhibited an enhanced expression of GFP upon exposure to these substrates, indicating that the gfp had been inserted in a gene encoding a broad substrate range catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. The genes (2,826 bp) flanking the gfp cloned from an SphI-digested fragment contained three complete open reading frames that were designated bphCDorfl. The deduced amino acid sequences of bphCDorfl were identical to 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (BphC), 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase (BphD), and OrfI, respectively, that are all involved in the degradation of biphenyl/4-chlorobiphenyl (bph) by Ralstonia oxalatica A5. The deduced amino acid sequence of the orfl revealed a similarity to those of outer membrane proteins belonging to the OmpW family. The introduction of the bphCDorfl genes enabled the NT-l mutant to grow on aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, PCR analysis indicated that the DNA sequence and gene organization of the bph operon were closely related to those in the bph operon from Tn4371 identified in strain A5. Furthermore, strain A5 was also able to grow on a similar set of alkylbenzenes as strain NCIMB 10643, demonstrating that, among the identified aromatic hydrocarbon degradation pathways, the bph degradation pathway related to Tn4371 was the most versatile in catabolizing a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons of mono- and bicyclic benzenes.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1986

Patients of chronic hepatic diseases(n=107) including chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus infections(n=31), liver cirrhosis(n=53), and hepatocellular carcinoma(n=23) were examined to ascertain genetic relationship between chronic hepatic diseases and histocompatibility antigen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by the method of Ficoll/Hypaque gradient. Total 54 histocompatibility antigens(class I antigens: 41, class II antigens: 13) were analysed by performing of complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity method using Terasaki's and Catholic Medical College tissue typing plates. HLA antigen frequencies were compared with those of 661 normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Bw76, -Cw1, -Cw6, and HLA-DR8 in chronic hepatitis patients were shown to be higher than those in controls(P<0.01). 2. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Cw7(P<0.01), and HLA-B37, -Bw58, -Cw1, -MT1(P < 0.05) in liver cirrhosis patients were shown relatively higher frequencies than those in controls. 3. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, antigens of HLA-A1, -A26, -Cw3, -Cw7 and HLA-DR6 were dominantly detected. 4. There were negative associations with HLA-Cw4, and -DR4 in patients of chronic hepatic diseases(P < 0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

본 연구는 민자주방망이 버섯의 열수추출물과 마이크로웨이브 추출물을 추출용매에 따른 분획물의 암세포(HepG2, KATOⅢ, AGS) 성장 저해효과를 조사하였다 민자주방망이 버섯의 열수 추출물과 마이크로웨이브 추출물의 fraction Ⅰ은 1㎎/mL의 농도에서 암세포의 종류에 관계없이 높은 암세포 성장 저해율(85.2%-91.8%)을 나타내었다 열수 추출물의 fraction Ⅰ을 각각 0.5㎎/mL와 1㎎/mL농도로 암세포에 첨가하였을 때, 간암세포인 HepG2에서는 71.4%, 85.5%, 위암세포인 KATOⅢ는 45.0%, 86.6%, AGS는 71.6%, 90.7%의 성장저해를 나타내었다. 마이크로웨이브 추출물 1㎎/mL 처리 시 위암 AGS 세포에 대하여 각각 90.7%와 91.8%의 가장 높은 성장 저해효과를 나타내었다. 열수추출물과 마이크로웨이브 추출물의 fraction Ⅰ은 암세포의 성장억제가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 용해성 이 낮은 분획물 일수록 암세포의 성장 억제효과가 낮았다. 암세포의 성장억제는 열수 추출물에 비해 마이크로웨이브 추출물이 높았다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-131
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• 1992

설천(雪川)지역 광화대내 월성(月城) 및 삼창(三倉)광산의 천열수성(淺熱水性) 금(金)-은(銀) 맥상(脈狀) 광화작용은 선캠브리아기 편마암류(片麻岩類)와 백악기(白堊紀)(102 Ma) 반상(班狀) 화강암 내에 발달하는 단층열극을 충진 배태한다. 광화작용은 구조적으로 크게 2회에 걸쳐 진행되었으며, 그 시기는 후기 백악기(白堊紀)(90.5 Ma)이다. 유체포유물(流體包有物) 및 광물학적 연구에 의하면, 광화 I기 중 석영-황화광물-에렉트럼-휘은석의 침전은 약 400~700 m의 천심(淺深)에서 0.2~6.6 wt. % NaCl 상당염농도(相當鹽濃度)의 유체로부터 초기 약 $340^{\circ}C$로부터 후기 약 $140^{\circ}C$에 이르는 비교적 넓은 온도 범위에서 진행되었다. 유체(流體)-유체(流體) 혼합에 대한 통계학적 모델 평가에 의하면, 심부원(深部源) 열수 유체와 천부(淺部) 순환 천수(天水) 사이의 혼합비는 광화작용의 진행과 더불어 점차 감소하였음을 지시한다. 금-은 광물의 침전은 순환 천수의 혼입에 따른 광화유체의 냉각 작용에 기인, $230{\pm}40^{\circ}C$의 좁은 온도 범위에서 진행되었다. 산소 및 수소 안정동위원소(安定同位元素) 분석연구에 의하면, 광화 유체는 일차적으로 순환 천수로부터 기원하였고, 그 동위원소 조성은 동위원소적으로 진화하지 않은 순환천수의 값에 매우 근접하였음을 나타낸다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2000년도 춘계학술강연 및 발표대회 강연 및 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.9-10
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• 2000

An important business-field of world-wide steel-industry is the coating of thin metal-sheets with zinc, zinc-aluminum and aluminum based materials. These products mostly go into automotive industry. in particular for the car-body. into building and construction industry as well as household appliances. Due to mass-production, the processing is done in large continuously operating plants where the mostly cold-rolled metal-strip as the substrate is handled in coils up to 40 tons unwind before and rolled up again after passing the processing plant which includes cleaning, annealing, hot-dip galvanizing / aluminizing and chemical treatment. In the liquid Zn, Zn-AI, AI-Zn and AI-Si bathes a combined action of corrosion and wear under high temperature and high stress onto the transfer components (rolls) accounts for major economic losses. Most critical here are the bearing systems of these rolls operating in the liquid system. Rolls in liquid system can not be avoided as they are needed to transfer the steel-strip into and out of the crucible. Since several years, ceramic roller bearings are tested here [1.2], however, in particular due to uncontrollable Slag-impurities within the hot bath [3], slide bearings are still expected to be of a higher potential [4]. The today's state of the art is the application of slide bearings based on Stellite\ulcorneragainst Stellite which is in general a 50-60 wt% Co-matrix with incorporated Cr- and W-carbides and other composites. Indeed Stellite is used as the bearing-material as of it's chemical properties (does not go into solution), the physical properties in particular with poor lubricating properties are not satisfying at all. To increase the Sliding behavior in the bearing system, about 0.15-0.2 wt% of lead has been added into the hot-bath in the past. Due to environmental regulations. this had to be reduced dramatically_ This together with the heavily increasing production rates expressed by increased velocity of the substrate-steel-band up to 200 m/min and increased tractate power up to 10 tons in modern plants. leads to life times of the bearings of a few up to several days only. To improve this situation. the Mechanical Alloying (MA) TeChnique [5.6.7.8] is used to prOduce advanced Stellite-based bearing materials. A lubricating phase is introduced into Stellite-powder-material by MA, the composite-powder-particles are coated by High Energy Milling (HEM) in order to produce bearing-bushes of approximately 12 kg by Sintering, Liquid Phase Sintering (LPS) and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). The chemical and physical behavior of samples as well as the bearing systems in the hot galvanizing / aluminizing plant are discussed. DependenCies like lubricant material and composite, LPS-binder and composite, particle shape and PM-route with respect to achievable density. (temperature--) shock-reSistibility and corrosive-wear behavior will be described. The materials are characterized by particle size analysis (laser diffraction), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. corrosive-wear behavior is determined using a special cylinder-in-bush apparatus (CIBA) as well as field-test in real production condition. Part I of this work describes the initial testing phase where different sample materials are produced, characterized, consolidated and tested in the CIBA under a common AI-Zn-system. The results are discussed and the material-system for the large components to be produced for the field test in real production condition is decided. Outlook: Part II of this work will describe the field test in a hot-dip-galvanizing/aluminizing plant of the mechanically alloyed bearing bushes under aluminum-rich liquid metal. Alter testing, the bushes will be characterized and obtained results with respect to wear. expected lifetime, surface roughness and infiltration will be discussed. Part III of this project will describe a second initial testing phase where the won results of part 1+11 will be transferred to the AI-Si system. Part IV of this project will describe the field test in a hot-dip-aluminizing plant of the mechanically alloyed bearing bushes under aluminum liquid metal. After testing. the bushes will be characterized and obtained results with respect to wear. expected lifetime, surface roughness and infiltration will be discussed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo corrosion products of low and high copper amalgams. The four different types of amalgam alloy used in this study were Fine cut, Caulk spherical, Dispersalloy, and Tytin. After each amalgam alloy and Hg were triturated according to the directions of the manufacturer by means of the mechanical amalgamator(Amalgam mixer. Shinhung Co. Korea), the triturated mass was inserted into a cylindrical metal mold which was 12mm in diameter and 10mm in height. The mass was condensed by 150Kg/cm compressive force. The specimen was removed from the mold and aged at room temperature for about seven days. The standard surface preparation was routinely carried out by emery paper polishing under running water. In vitro amalgam specimens were potentiostatically polarized ten times in a normal saline solution at $37^{\circ}C$(potentiostat : HA-301. Hukuto Denko Corp. Japan). Each specimen was subjected to anodic polarization scan within the potential range -1700mV to+400mV(SCE). After corrosion tests, anodic polarization curves and corrosion potentials were obtained. The amount of component elements dissolved from amalgams into solution was measured three times by ICP AES(Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Plasma 40. Perkim Elmer Co. U.S.A.). The four different types of amalgam were filled in occlusal and buccal class I cavities of four human 3rd molars. After about five years the restorations were carefully removed after tooth extraction to preserve the structural details including the deteriorated margins. The occlusal surface, amalgam-tooth interface and the fractured surface of in vivo amalgam corrosion products were analyzed. In vivo and in vitro amalgam specimens were examined and analyzed metallographically by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan) and EDAX(Energy Dispersive Micro X-ray Analyser: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan). 1. The following results are obtained from in vitro corrosion tests. 1) Corrosion potentials of all amalgams became more noble after ten times passing through the in vitro corrosion test compared to first time. 2) After times through the test, released Cu concentration in saline solution was almost equal but highest in Fine cut. Ag and Hg ion concentration was highest in Caulk spherical and Sn was highest in Dispersalloy. 3) Analyses of surface corrosion products in vitro reveal the following results. a)The corroded surface of Caulk spherical has Na-Sn-Cl containing clusters of $5{\mu}m$ needle-like crystals and oval shapes of Sn-Cl phase, polyhedral Sn oxide phase. b)In Fine cut, there appeared to be a large Sn containing phase, surrounded by many Cu-Sn phases of $1{\mu}m$ granular shapes. c)Dispersalloy was covered by a thick reticular layer which contained Zn-Cl phase. d)In Tytin, a very thin, corroded layer had formed with irregularly growing Sn-Cl phases that looked like a stack of plates. 2. The following results are obtained by an analysis of in vivo amalgam corrosion products. 1) Occlusal surfaces of all amalgams were covered by thick amorphous layers containing Ca-P elements which were abraded by occlusal force. 2) In tooth-amalgam interface, Ca-P containing products were examined in all amalgams but were most clearly seen in low copper amalgams. 3) Sn oxide appeared as a polyhedral shape in internal space in Caulk spherical and Fine cut. 4) Apical pyramidal shaped Sn oxide and curved plate-like Sn-Cl phases resulted in Dispersalloy. 5) In Tytin, Sn oxide and Sn hydroxide were not seen but polyhedral Ag-Hg phase crystal appeared in internal space which assumed a ${\beta}_l$ phase.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2011

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 치과용 임플란트 나사산 디자인이 변연골 응력에 미치는 영향에 정량적인 분석을 하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 외경 4.1 mm (경부직경 3.5 mm), 매식부 길이 10 m인 표준형 ITI 임플란트 시스템(ITI Dental Implant System; Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland)을 기본모델(대조모델)로 채택하고, 그 몸체의 나사산은 다른 임플란트 시스템에 채택되고 있는 삼각형, 사각형, buttres형 디자인을 가지는 가상의 해석모델을 4종 만들었다. 해석모델은 나사산 형태와 크기에 따라 (1) 모델 A (작은 삼각형 나사산), (2) 모델 B (큰 삼각형 나사산), (3) 모델 C (buttres형 나사산), 및 (4) 모델 D (사각형 나사산)로 구분하였다. 유한요소 모델링과 해석에는 NISA II/DISPLAY III (Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation, Troy, MI, USA) 프로그램을 사용하였다. Mesh 구성에는 NKTP type 34형 solid 요소(4각형 축대칭 요소, 요소당 절점수 8개)를 사용하여 임플란트 장축과 평행한 축대칭 하중은 물론 장축과 경사각을 갖는 비축대칭 하중조건을 모두 해석할 수 있도록 하였다. 임플란트의 표면으로부터 각각 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mm 떨어진 위치에 5개의 응력관찰점(stress monitoring point)을 설정 하여 기록된 응력 값으로부터 회귀분석을 통하여 변연골 응력 최대값(peak stress)을 정량화하였다. 해석에 사용한 하중 조건은 2가지로, 임플란트 축에 평행한 수직하중 100 N과 임플란트 축과 $30^{\circ}$를 이루는 경사력 100 N 조건이었다. 결과: 임플란트 경부와 접하고 있는 인접 변연골에 응력집중현상이 보이고 있었으며, 그 양상은 임플란트 나사산 디자인과 무관하게 거의 유사하게 관찰되었다. 수직력 100 N 조건에서 산출된 변연골 최대응력값은 대조모델과 실험모델 A, B, C, D에서 7.84, 6.45, 5.96, 6.85, 5.39 MPa이었고, 경사력 조건에서는 각각 29.18, 26.45, 25.12, 27.37, 23.58 MPa이었다. 결론: 임플란트 나사산의 디자인은 변연골의 응력에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다.