• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

The chromatographic separation of the hexane soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea Mo. (Compositae) led to the isolation of a new benzylbenzoate (1) together with four known benzylbenzoates (2-5). Their structures were determined as 2-methoxybenzyl-2-hydroxybenzoate (1), benzyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy­benzoate (2), 2-methoxybenzyl-2,6-dimethoxybenzoate (3), 2-methoxybenzyl-2-methoxy-6­hydroxybenzoate (4), and benzyl-2,6-dimethoxybenzoate (5). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Biological effects of compounds, 1 and 2, were investigated in vitro usingherapeutic agents by stimulating macrophage functions, with potential use in the treat­ mouse peritoneal macrophages. The benzylbenzoates (1 and 2) could serve as immunotherapeutic agents by stimulating macrophage functions, with potential use in the treatment of infectious diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.142-146
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• 2000

The aerial parts of Pergularia tomentosa L. afforded three cardenolides, desglucouzarin, coroglaucigenin and uzarigenin, in addition to ${\beta}$-sitosterol$glucoside. The isolated compounds were identified by physical and spectral means, including IR, UV, $$[{\alpha}]_D$, 1D-, 2D-NMR and FAB-MS experiments. The cardenolides, ghalakinoside, calactin and pergularoside previously reported from roots, were also identified in the aerial parts.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2006

The methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dictamnus albus was active in inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) from the mouse brain. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four known coumarins, 7-(6'R-hydroxy-3', 7'-dimethyl-2'E, 7'-octadienyloxy) coumarin (1), auraptene (2), umbelliferone (3), and xanthotoxin (4), as active compounds along with an inactive alkaloid, skimmianine (5). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited MAO activity in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.7 and $1.7\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a slight and potently selective inhibitory effect against MAO-B ($IC_{50}\;0.5\;and\;0.6\;{\mu}M,\;respectively$) compared to MAO-A ($IC_{50}\;1.3\;and\;34.6\;{\mu}M,\;respectively$). According to kinetic analyses derived by Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a competitive inhibition to MAO-B.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

The essential oil fraction from the aerial parts of A. annua was analyzed by GC-MS. As the results, caryophyllene oxide (11.7%), caryophyllene (7.54%), camphor (7.32%), 1,8-cineol (4.98%), and borneol (3.99%) were confirmed as the main components of the oil fraction. The effects of this oil and its main components on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were assessed. A. annua oil fraction significantly inhibited all strains of the two Salmonella species examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2.0 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. Among the main components of the oil, borneol and camphor showed relatively strong inhibiting activity with MICs between 1.0 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml. The MICs of caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were higher than 16 mg/ml. The combination effects of the oils with kanamycin were evaluated using a checkerboard microtiter assay. Against S. typhimurium KCCM11862 and CCARM8009 strains, the oil fraction of A. annua, camphor, and 1,8-cineol exhibited significant synergistic with kanamycin with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices in the range of 0.085 to 0.375. In conclusion, a combination of kanamycin and A. annua oil or its main component, camphor, and cineol, may be useful for reducing the minimum effective dose of antibiotic required for the treatment of resistant S. typhimurium infections.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

The ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn. aerial parts were studied far its hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxic rats. The extract was found to decrease significantly $CCl_4-induced$ elevation of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin and total cholesterol. But, it increased HDL-cholesterol level and liver weight with respect to $CCl_4$ toxic rats. The extract was also found to decrease significantly the $CCl_4-induced$ elevation of lipid peroxidation and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH level in the liver of extract treated rats when compared with $CCl_4$ induced rats. Histopatholosical profiles showed that the extract had significant protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ liver injury, which corroborates the above findings. Hence it may be possible that the mechanism of hepatoprotection of the extract is due to its antioxidant effect.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2007

The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and n-butanol fraction (NBF) of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri aerial parts were screened for hepatoprotective activity and in vivo antioxidant activity on ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats. Ethyl acetate fraction was found to be more potent even though both the fractions were endowed with significant hepatoprotective activity. EAF and NBF were investigated for hepatoprotective activity in albino rats at 300 mg/kg, p.o. dose and compared with standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg, p.o.). Results show that both the fractions were effective in blunting ethanol-induced enhanced activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, level of serum bilirubin (both total and direct), liver weight loss and was also effective in reducing ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the fractions could also enhance ethanol-induced suppressed activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreased level of reduced glutathione. Results of hepatocellular damage caused by ethanol and its recovery by EAF and NBF, suggest that they might be considered as a potential source of natural hepatoprotective agents, which could be related to the free radical scavenging properties of saponins present in high concentration in the fractions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.274-278
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• 2012

As part of ongoing study focused on the discovery of natural antioxidants from Korean plants by measuring the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect and superoxide quenching activity, ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) was found to show potent antioxidant activities. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract led to the isolation of two phenolic compounds, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1) and gallic acid (2), as antioxidant compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this plant. These compounds showed the significant antioxidative effects during the DPPH free radical scavenging test, and the riboflavin- and xanthine-originated superoxide quenching activity tests.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2013

Ten compounds (1 - 10), palmitic acid (1), 10-nonacosanol (2), pentacosan-1-ol (3), phytol (4), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5), ${\beta}$-sitosterol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (7), hyperoside (8), uridine (9) and adenosine (10), were isolated from the n-hexane and EtOAc-soluble fractions of the aerial parts of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus (Rosaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. All compounds (1 - 10) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Cytotoxicity of 1 - 10 against Jurkat T (T-lymphocytic leukemia cells), HeLa (Human cervical epitheloid carcinoma cells), MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cells), and HL-60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia cells) cell lines was measured. Compound 6 showed good cytotoxicity against HL-60 cell line with $IC_{50}$ value of 8.13 ${\mu}g/mL$. In addition, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 16.30 and 12.42 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.268-270
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• 2003

Methanol extract obtained from aerial parts of Platycarya strobilacea was successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water. From ethylacetate fraction, an active compound was isolated through repeated silica gel column chromatography and was identified as 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone by MS and NMR analyses. The compound showed in vivo 76% antifungal activity at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ against tomato late blight disease.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1998

Six antioxidative compounds in the aerial parts of Potentilla fragarioides were isolated by a bioassay guided purification using a DPPH free radical. They were identified as (+)-catechin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside$, caffeic acid, and 4-O-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid on the basis of $^{1}H$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ and MS data. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of five compounds $(RC_{50}:\;7.5{\sim}10.5\;{\mu}g)$ except for quercitrin $(16\;{\mu}g)$ was more effective than those of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ $(12\;{\mu}g)$ and BHA $(14\;{\mu}g)$.