• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2000

We introduce an advanced mountain clustering method which uses a normalized data space, a gaussian type mountain function and a deconstruction method using mountain slope. This is more useful than Yagers mountain method because it needs just one parameter to tune instead of three and finds out more resonable cluster centers. Computational examples are presented to show the validity of the advanced mountain method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 정규화된 데이터 공간과 가우스함수에 의한 산 함수 형성 그리고 형성된 산의 기울기를 이용한 산봉우리 붕괴를 특징으로 하는 개선된 산 클러스터링 방법을 제안한다. 이 개선된 방법은 기존의 Yager 등에 의하여 제안된 방법이 조정해야 하는 매개변수가 3개이고 발견된 클러스터 중심 주위에 원치 않는 다른 중심이 발생할 수 있는데 반하여 단지 하나의 매개변수 $\omega$의 조정으로 더욱 타당한 중심을 찾아내는 점에서 유용하다 할 수 있다. 또한 매개변수 $\omega$에 대한 적절한 선정 방법을 제시하고, 수치 자료에 대한 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통하여 개선된 산 클러스터링 방법의 유용성을 입증한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2000

In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for identification of the Advanced Mountain Methods parameter. It consists of two phases: Phase I and Phase II. In Phase I, a given data space is divided into subspaces based on the density of the given data. In Phase II, we obtain the AMMs parameter $\omega$ by selecting the minimum of variances of subspaces obtained in Phase I. Numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new clustering combination based on numerical data driven for rule generation mechanism. In large and complicated space, a clustering method can obtain limited performance results. To overcome the single clustering method problem, hybrid combined methods can solve problem to divided simple cluster estimation. Fundamental structure of the proposed method is combined by mountain clustering and modified Chen clustering to extract detail cluster information in complicated data distribution of non-parametric space. It has automatic rule generation ability with advanced density based operation when intelligent systems including neural networks and fuzzy inference systems can be generated by clustering results. Also, results of the mechanism will be served to information of decision support system to infer the useful knowledge. It can extend to healthcare and medical decision support system to help experts or specialists. We show and explain the usefulness of the proposed method using simulation and results.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) owners and operators in Mountain Province were willing to take on financial risk to invest in the capital markets as a potential additional source of income, as well as the extent to which these five indicator variables-particularly their income, expenses, financial goals, liquid cash, and insurance coverage-were influenced by demographic factors. The study used a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive survey research method. The results show that the SME Owners and Operators in Mountain Province have minimal knowledge of capital market investments which makes them moderate investors with a neutral level of financial risk tolerance toward capital market investment. Their marital status, net income, and educational attainment significantly influence their financial risk tolerance level. The respondents also believe that engaging in the capital markets will grow their businesses. Further, the extent of influence of Income, Expenses, Liquid Cash, and Insurance Cover on the financial risk tolerance of the SME owners and operators in Mountain Province a great extent; thus, making them careful in investing in the capital markets, and it is primarily affected by their Net Income. Consequently, the financial goals of SME owners and operators in Mountain Province have a vital role in their financial risk tolerance level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.725-738
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• 2012

Recently, a variety of GIS-based tools enabling to generate topographic parameters for hydrologic and hydraulic researches have been developed. However, most of GIS-based tools are usually insufficient to estimate and visualize river channel slopes especially along the river network, which can be possibly utilized for many hydraulic equations such as Manning's formula. Many existing GIS-based tools have simply averaged cell-based slopes for the other advanced level of hydrologic units as likely as the mean watershed slope, thus that the river channel slope from the simple approach resulted in the inaccurate channel slope particularly for the mountain region where the slope varies significantly along the downstream direction. The paper aims to provide several more advanced GIS-based methodologies to assess the river channel slopes along the given river network. The developed algorithms were integrated with a newly developed tool named RiverSlope, which adapted theoretical formulas of river hydraulics to calculate channel slopes. For the study area, Han stream in the Jeju island was selected, where the channel slopes have a tendency to rapidly change the upstream near the Halla mountain and sustain the mild slope adjacent to watershed outlet heading for the ocean. The paper compared the simple slope method from the Arc Hydro, with other more complicated methods. The results are discussed to decide better approaches based on the given conditions.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

Purpose: Mountain biking as a sport and recreational activity has grown rapidly over the previous two decades. The purpose of this study is to analyze differences of leisure satisfaction by demographic characteristics of mountain bike participants. Research design, data, and methodology: To accomplish the purpose, the study employed purposive sample method among nonprobability sampling and collected data from 300 participants. Of collected data, 288 responses were analyzed excepted for uncompleted responses. To analyze data, study utilized statistical techniques including descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent-sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA, and to verify difference between individual groups in relation to significant results, Duncan's multiple range was conducted. Results: Findings indicated no differences of leisure satisfaction by gender. Similarly, education level and occupations have not influence leisure satisfaction. Yet, differences of leisure satisfaction by participation frequencies were observed. Of participation frequencies, participants riding 5 times a week were more satisfied with MTB participation than the other groups participating less 3 times a week. Conclusions: The findings provide a couple of insights in terms of promoting MTB participation. In specific, results indicated that MTB would be attractive sports that is able to appeal huge populations regardless of their education and occupation. Furthermore, consistent participation is judged an effective way to increase psychological, educational, and social satisfaction. In this sense, regional MTB clubs could play a salient role in motivating riders to more participate in MTB. Hence, establishing strategies for encouraging club activities are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1977

I have investigated and compared the morphology of vascular bundle shown in the section of culm wall of bamboo trees growing on Mt. Jiri which were classified by Grosser and Liese with their methods of morphological classification. The results obtained were as follows: 1. It was shown that there are no b.g.i. types of bamboo classified by Grosser and Liese among the bamboo trees on Mt. Jiri (Phyllostachys and Sasa). 2. As for the thickness of the culm wall in the culm, it was shown that the culm wall of the Phyllostachys becomes thinner in proportion to its nearness to the upper part of the tree, but no distinctive difference appeared in the Sasa. 3. The c, d, and e types of Sasa were the same as those of the Phyllostachys, but there was a vascular bundle type of the a' type, which was quite different from that of the Phyllostachys. 4. It was shown that the a', d, and e types of Sasa were distributed in a zone less than 500m above sea level, but no a' type was distributed in the high mountain area except for the c, d and e types which ranged from 600m to 1000m above sea level. Such facts mean that the vascular bundle sheath has changed in quantity because of the height of mountain. 5. In general, as compared with the Phyllostachys, the Sasa (types a, c, d and e which included a new type a) have fewer vascular bundles. 6. Considering the above results, it is thought that not by the current Sasa classification method based on observation of the the study of Sasa form the outside, but by a new method of classification based on the aspect of the physiological construction as seen from the inside wall is advanced. I believe this new method of classification to be a first step towards an epoch-making methodological advance and encourage the further study of it.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.575-587
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• 2024

The contact pressure between the surrounding rock and the support is an important indicator of the surrounding rock pressure. There has been a bottleneck in the prediction of contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support in deep-buried mountain tunnels. The main reason is that a reliable method wasn't existed to quantify the contact loads. This study had been taken into account the flexible support role of the primary support, and the fitting curve of surrounding rock deformation for dynamic tunnel construction was proposed. New formulas for the calculation of contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support were obtained by inversion. Comparative analysis of the calculation results with numerical simulation verified the reliability of the calculation method in this study. It can be seen from the analyses that the contact load between surrounding rock and primary support increases, remains unchanged and decreases during acceleration, uniform velocity and deceleration, respectively, and the deformation of the surrounding rock in the acceleration and deceleration stages cannot completely converted into contact loads. The contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support of medium-strength and weak surrounding rock tunnels are generally within 150 kPa and 1 MPa, respectively. For tunnels with weak surrounding rock, advanced support can be installed to reduce the unique release coefficient λ₀ and the value of the constant D, with the purpose of reducing the contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support. Changes in support parameters have a small effect on the contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support, but increase or decrease the safety factor, resulting in a waste of resources or a situation that threatens the safety of the support. The results of this research provide guidance for the prediction of contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support for dynamic tunnel construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.600-605
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• 2004

The road construction with horizontal expansion of country using and augmentation of traffic demand is advanced actively and it accompanies hereupon, the above of 70% of the country is formed at the mountain in our country where the hazard cut slope has been created. In this study, It is prepared a effective management countermeasure of cut slope introduced priority investigation decision method against hazard cut slope which is influenced by abnormally rainfall by an unusual change in the weather such as a guerilla rainfall character. In meaning link, It was executed collapse cause by failure character analysis in the cut slope which has failed for the last five years and it is prepared the hazard grade criterion from E to A grade according to collapse cause. It is decided that a maintenance management grade by the hazard grade classification criterion of cut slope. So It is possible to hazard cut slope. It is established failure protection counter countermeasure by effective maintenance management through the hazard grade c1assification criterion and it will be able to dispose to advanced nation level like Hong Kong and Japanese.