• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.165-200
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• 1985

We have come to the time when we no longer ask why we computerize, but we need to concentrate on how to effectively accomplish the task. Application of computers has been very active in many fields in Korea during the last few years. And yet libraries are rather slow in taking adventage of computers most likely due to the lack of adequate funds and proper understanding of administrators, but also it seems that the majority of librarians are not quite prepared to adopt it. The purpose of this paper is to study the various aspects of computerization of library work, mainly for library administrators and librarians; although they need not understand the electronical and technical aspects of computers, but they should prepare themselves enough at least to be able to make proper requests to computer specialists in relation to what they want to accomplish with computers in order to improve the work of the library. In preparing this paper, not only successful cases of computer application which had been carried out in many libraries of advanced countries have been studied, but also various reasons for failure have been reviewed in order not to make the same mistakes. The paper covers those areas of library work where computers can be applied, such as feasibility, cost effectiveness, planning, implementation and some other aspects of computerization. As a conclusion, two viewpoints need to be discussed. First, each library should work cooperatively with other libraies instead of trying to develop its own computer programs, since we cannot affort to waste financial and technical resources as well as time. Computer applicable library work can be divided and assumed by certain libraries with responsibility to develop turn-key systems applicable to Korean university libraries. In order to carry out this task, there should be complete financial assistance from government, and in turn those libraries shouldf be required to offer assistance to any other interested libaries in Korea. Secondly, library school curriculum should offer such courses where future librarians can learn decision making, business administration and independent thinking in addition to traditional courses. Future librarians as well as those who are already in the profession should prepare themselves to meet the challenge of the professional requirements in order to meet the ever increasing and diverse needs for good quality service generated from the library users.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2014

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effects of different abutment geometries in combination with varying luting agents and the effectiveness of different cleaning methods (prior to re-cementation) regarding the retentiveness of zirconia copings on implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implants were embedded in resin blocks. Three groups of titanium abutments (pre-fabricated, height: 7.5 mm, taper: $5.7^{\circ}$; customized-long, height: 6.79 mm, taper: $4.8^{\circ}$; customized-short, height: 4.31 mm, taper: $4.8^{\circ}$) were used for luting of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia copings with a semi-permanent (Telio CS) and a provisional cement (TempBond NE). Retention forces were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Furthermore, the influence of cleaning methods (manually, manually in combination with ultrasonic bath or sandblasting) prior to re-cementation with a provisional cement (TempBond NE) was investigated with the pre-fabricated titanium abutments (height: 7.5 mm, taper: $5.7^{\circ}$) and SEM-analysis of inner surfaces of the copings was performed. Significant differences were determined via two-way ANOVA. RESULTS. Significant interactions between abutment geometry and luting agent were observed. TempBond NE showed the highest level of retentiveness on customized-long abutments, but was negatively affected by other abutment geometries. In contrast, luting with Telio CS demonstrated consistent results irrespective of the varying abutment geometries. Manual cleaning in combination with an ultrasonic bath was the only cleaning method tested prior to re-cementation that revealed retentiveness levels not inferior to primary cementation. CONCLUSION. No superiority for one of the two cements could be demonstrated because their influences on retentive strength are also depending on abutment geometry. Only manual cleaning in combination with an ultrasonic bath offers retentiveness levels after re-cementation comparable to those of primary luting.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Purpose - The competitiveness of logistics in the 21st century rests on ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of its local hub. While considering entry into a niche market in local logistics, it is pertinent to note that Budapest is emerging as a hub in EU enlargement in Eastern Europe. Big, small, and medium-sized businesses in Korea entered Hungary in the early 1990s since then, there has been a significant increase in Korean presence, of approximately 130 times. This study aimed to identify the key distribution issues that have emerged in relation to Eastern Europe. Research design, data, and methodology - This study indicates that 33 major Korean companies were located in Hungary, which serves as an out post to enter the European marketplace. However, Korea's exports to Hungary have declined (-32.0% in 2012) because of a loss of competitiveness against multinational corporations, due to factors such as the rise in current local distribution costs and wages. Hungary, on the other hand, through diversification and expansion of foreign trade with the non-EU markets, including Korea, is increasing its exports. Strategies of emerging countries are compared and reviewed in this study, by examining the vicissitudes of Hungary's distribution methods. Results - There are issues regarding Hungary's innovative ability. Hungary has a history of low wages and high skilled labor. However, the outflow of high-quality human resources for high-wages has become more extensive, and this underlines concerns that the CEE's trade hub is moving to neighboring countries. After the European financial crisis in 2010, the Hungarian economy is now developing, because of the IMF's measures, and it is being transformed into a trade surplus nation, while regaining distribution volumes rapidly. However, if there is continued lack of investment, the supply chain is weakened and exports decline amidst competition with TNCs or with China's distribution networks. Conclusions - It is necessary to create a new logistics approach for increasing trade between Korea and Hungary. First, Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should build trust by working with advanced Hungarian talent, and they should expand into state-of-the-art fields instead of being confined to traditional sectors. Second, this study focuses on limiting and lowering their high expectations for success according to foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and the role in the CEE distribution hub Korea should try to strengthen the distribution hub with its centralized population, using better, more highly educated human resources, thereby sustaining more innovative ability. Further, the positive effects of these measures are manifested in enhanced business on both sides of Hungary, namely, the EU and non-EU nations such as Turkey and emerging markets around Europe, and a better engagement in the core placement of culture and industry. For this, Korea can contribute to, and benefit from, a Hungarian logistics center, for adopting the high-tech cluster systems and commercializing distribution technology such as RFID·USN.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

The study has been implemented for finding out a revitalization of the social enterprise to be continuously developed. In this research, social enterprise employees residing in JeollaNamdo were selected as the research members. The polled papers had 210 copies of total and 180 copies of recovery. The response results were written as a rule of their own way with advanced visit to them explaining how to write down. The collected data were analysed with T-test and ANOVA. As a result of the research, the system effectiveness of social enterprise is shown to influence the satisfaction of employees. Therefore, it is shown that the certification system and priority purchase system of local government can be effective. Second, it is shown that the satisfaction of employees of the social enterprise influences the satisfaction of employees. Therefore, it is shown that the need of finding out a new business item for a social enterprise to grow influences positively on the satisfaction of employees. Third, operation difficulty of the social enterprise is not shown to influence the satisfaction of employees. In other words, the satisfaction of employees is not influenced by a difficulty arising from not receiving the official recognition from local government on the social enterprise.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.812-817
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• 2016

This paper dealt with electrical and optical requirements of naval vessel's LED luminaires. And the products have been tested to determine whether the products meet these requirements or not. This study analyzes the cost-effectiveness of the LED luminaires which have been implemented for the application to naval vessel since 2012. The LED requirements were proposed based on comparison among other standards/specifications such as Korean Industrial Standard(KS), Korean Defense Specification(KDS) and US Navy Military Specification(MIL). Application of the proposed requirements were then be verified by analyzing and testing the electrical and optical characteristics of both fluorescent Luminaires and LED luminaires, and the LED luminaires were installed to A1 naval vessels according to the proposed requirements. As results, approximately 40% of power consumption was saved by using LED luminaires compared to using fluorescent luminaires while luminous flux was increased by 10~15%. Moreover, using LED luminaires of the proposed requirements exhibited the effect of reducing approximately 4,900 fluorescent luminaires in 10 naval vessels in the time period between 2012 to 2015, which is equivalent to cost reduction of \0.56M approximately. Such cost reduction is further expected considering the LED luminaires will continue to be applied to naval vessels in the future.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2004

To deal with tumor motion from respiration is one of the important issues for the advanced treatment techniques, such as the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), the three dimensional conformal therapy (3D-CRT) and the Cyber Knife. Studies including the active breath control (ABC) and the gated radiation therapy have been reported. Authors have developed the device for reducing the respiration effects and the diaphragm motions with this device were observed to determined the effectiveness of the device. The device consists of four belts to immobilize diaphragm motion and the vacuum cushion. Diaphragm motions without and with device were monitored fluoroscopically. Diaphragm motion ranges were found to be 1.14 ～ 3.14 cm (average 2.14 cm) without the device and 0.72～1.95 cm (average 1.16 cm) with the device. The motion ranges were decreased 20 ～ 68.4% (average 44.9%.) However, the respiration cycle was increased from 4.4 seconds to 3.7 seconds. The CTV-PTV margin could be decreased significantly with the device developed in this study, which may be applied to the treatments of the tumor sited diaphragm region.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.411-443
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• 2012

The Changes in management environment in SMEs such as rapid development of information communication technology, worldwide expansion of FTAs, enlargement of global outsourcing, etc have changed various aspects in industry-academy or industry-academy-government cooperation. It has been away from the cooperation focused on research and development and industrial training, and advanced to the cooperation focused on the business fields and practices where the executive ability and professionalism are required to commercialize major products of local SMEs. Compared with the existing model, the new model of industry-academy-government cooperation can provide effective and customized supports to local SMEs and expect better performance than ever before through the choice and focus. However, the existing support programs of government and related organizations are just top-down pattern to SMEs. In addition to the development of industrial technology, education and training for labor force and knowledge interchange between industry and university, the new cooperation model would also provide practical tasks such as enhancement of business competences and abilities to cultivate foreign markets. This study deals with Gyeongbuk PRIDE Products support project that is the new model of industry-academy-government cooperation and evaluates the effectiveness of this support project by empirically analyzing the survey results from the target SMEs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.621-631
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• 1997

To verify the effect of subgingival calculus on the periodontal tissues in periodontitis and the effectiveness of supragingival scaling to remove the calculus, 30 teeth from healthy group (Probing pocket depth:$PPD{\leq}mm$: HP group), 15 teeth from moderate group ($4{\leq}PD<7mm$:MP group), 30 teeth from advanced group (PPD>7mm: AP group) were selected and supragingival scaling was performed before extraction of all experimental teeth. After careful extraction, the teeth were cleaned with saline and disclosed with toluidine blue and carefully examined the relationship and distance between the calculus attached on the root surface and periodontal tissues. As a result, it was; 1. The calculus was not discovered on the root surface of teeth in HP group, but was in MP and AP group, mostly on interproximal surface and furca area. The shape of the attached calculus was ovoid, trepazoid and polygonal and the calculus was distributed randomly over the root surface. 2. PPD was more than the distance between the gingival margin to the level of attached connective tissue in AP group rather than in HP and MP group. 3. The length of calculus was $2.7mm{\pm}.44mm$ in HP group and $4.1{\pm}.89in$ AP group. 4. The distance between the apical margin of calculus and the level of attached connective tissue was $2.4{\pm}.33mm$ in MP group and $3.4{\pm}.89mm$ in AP group. 5. The length of subgingival calculus was tended to increase in relation to the probing pocket depth. Therefore, it can be concluded, the calculus in periodontal pocket can not be removed completely with supragingival scaling. As the terminal part of calculus was far away with limited distance from the periodontal tissue, it can be said that the calculus was not a direct factor in destroying the periodontal tissue. In this study, the extent of the plaque was not verified but the location of calculus can be used in clinical practice for complete removal of calculus when the distance relation bewteen calculus and plaque will be known.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-150
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• 2015

As the digital technologies and internet have advanced, data have centered in the process of meaningful scientific ramifications and policy making in a wide variety of fields. Data curator in charge of managing data plays a significant role in terms of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of data management and re-uses. The purpose of this study is to identify the core competencies for data curator. For achieving the purpose of this study, two sets of data were collected. First, a total of 255 job descriptions were collected from the web sites including ARL, Digital Curation Exchange, Code4lib, ASIS&T JobLine for the period of 2011-2014. Second, in-depth interviews with five data curators from four diverse organizations were collected. The two sets of data were analyzed into seven categories identified from the related studies. Findings of this study showed that core competencies for data curator were identified into four categories, communication skills, data management techniques, knowledge and strategies for data management, and instructions and service provisions for users. The implications of this study can be considered as integrated and professional curriculum developments for data curator with core competencies.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.421-437
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• 2009

China has transformed her strategies for economic development from exogenous development founded on foreign capitals to endogenous development based on enhancing technology innovation capabilities since 2000. More specifically, Chinese business activities have coupled with new institutional settings which enable them to facilitate advanced technology and management methods. As a result, the characteristics of the spatial economy in China are likely to transfer from export-led developmental space to technology-oriented developmental space. In this context, this paper aims to identify the characteristics of technology-oriented space by investigating intra-, inter- and extra-firms relations of Korean FDI firms in Shanghai, China. In terms of intra-firm relations, Korean FDI firms adopted strategies for maximizing business efficiency and effectiveness by transforming their personal networks into formal networks. In terms of inter-firm relations, the distinction of Korean FDI firms' networks has been found in accordance with firm size, industrial sectors, ways of investment etc. Finally, Korean FDI firms has formal networks resulted from institutional involvement, as well as informal (personal) networks based on guanxi (inter-personal relations) in extra-firm relations. Therefore, two types of processes affecting the networks and institutional legacies of the Soviet system can be identified. First is the interaction of institutions and restructuring of pre-existing networks. Second is the insulated institutions and endurance of preexisting networks. And these two governance types have created regional economies which are embedded and over-embedded.