• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.517-527
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• 2009

Background: Bronchiectasis (BE) remains a rare respiratory disease in Korea. This retrospective study was done to investigate the potential pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) that cause in patients with BE, through the use of sputum specimens. Methods: One hundred eleven adult patients, who had undergone chest computed tomography (CT), sputum gram stain/culture, and BE detected by chest CT, were included in this study. Sputum adequacy was determined by using Murray-Washington classification. Results: The mean (${\pm}$SD) age of patients was 60.9 (${\pm}$14.0). The number of PPMs was 167 (67%) in the total 248 isolated organisms. The most frequent PPMs were P. aeruginosa (23.4%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%), and S. aureus (8.4%). The proportion of adequate sputum (AS) was 25.8% in the total sputum specimens. The patients with AS were 41 (37%) and the patients with inadequate sputum (IS) were 70 (63%). The proportion of P. aeruginosa was higher in AS compared to that of IS (44% vs. 19%, p=0.004). The BE score was also higher in P. aeruginosa (+) patients compared to that of P. aeruginosa (-) patients (10.8 vs. 7.6, p=0.001). Conclusion: Although the proportion of AS in the total sputum was low, PPMs were isolated in most patients with BE. It is likely that P. aeruginosa was isolated in AS and AS patients had higher BE scores.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.512-516
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• 2009

Background: Pulmonary paragonimiasis is a subacute to chronic inflammatory disease of the lung caused by lung flukes that result in prolonged inflammation and mechanical injury to the bronchi. However, there are few reports on the bronchoscopic findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis. This report describes the bronchoscopic findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis. Methods: The bronchosocpic findings of 30 patients (20 males, median age 50 years) with pulmonary paragonimiasis between May 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The diagnoses were based on a positive serologic test results for Paragonimus-specific antibodies in 13 patients (43%), or the detection of Paragonimus eggs in the sputum, bronchial washing fluid, or lung biopsy specimens in 17 patients (57%). The bronchoscopic examinations revealed endobronchial lesions in 17 patients (57%), which were located within the segmental bronchi in 10 patients (59%), lobar bronchi in 6 patients (35%) and main bronchi in 1 patient (6%). The bronchoscopic characteristics of endobronchial lesions were edematous swelling of the mucosa (16/17, 94%) and mucosal nodularity (4/17, 24%), accompanied by bronchial stenosis in 16 patients (94%). Paragonimus eggs were detected in the bronchial washing fluid of 9 out of the 17 patients with endobronchial lesions. The bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens showed evidence of chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration in 6 out of 11 patients (55%). However, no adult fluke or ova were found in the bronchial tissue. Conclusion: Bronchial stenosis with mucosal changes including edematous swelling and mucosal nodularity is the most common bronchoscopic finding of pulmonary paragonimiasis.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2009

The pattern of liquor consumers started to change as the well-being trend and great interest in health have risen for the last few years. In particular, consumption of wine is gradually increasing with the findings revealing that drinking proper amount of wine is good for preventing various adult diseases such as sclerosis of the arteries, heart disease and aging. Accordingly, this study aims at understanding the importance of wine buyers' choice attributes when buying and drinking wine in order to contribute to satisfying customers, popularizing wine and expanding its base. From December 1 to 31 in 2008, it made a survey on natives and weekly settled population living in Seoul area who had bought wine at a wine retail shop with literature and positive researches. It made an application of SPSS 12.0 to analyze the importance of wine buyers' choice attribution based on the demographical characteristics and use behavior with such analysis methods as the frequency analysis, the factor analysis, the reliability test, ANOVA and multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows. First, it showed that there are significant differences between buying and drinking wine by producing countries, buying places, prices, companions except for the number of drinking times, drinking places, and information sources. Second, it showed that wine buyers' choice attributes such as brand characteristics and effects on health have a positive effect on customer satisfaction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2009

Although alcohol drinking may cause fatty liver to induce hepatocytic injury, other factors lead to it. We designed this study to investigate the differences in serum iron, cardiac, and biochemical indices in men with fatty liver and the difference between alcohol drinkers (Alcohol group) and non-drinkers (Non-alcohol group). The alcohol group had higher body indices than the non-alcohol group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and right and left intraocular pressure in the alcohol group were higher than those in the non-alcohol group. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and monocyte counts were higher in the alcohol group than in the non-alcohol group. Alanine aminotransferase, ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, iron, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin levels in the alcohol group were greater than those in the non-alcohol group. The present data reveals that alcohol-induced fatty liver has more elevated level of iron indices than in non-alcohol fatty liver as well as biochemical and cardiac indices, indicating that alcohol- induced fatty liver may cause possibility of adult diseases including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2011

Disease survey was conducted to investigate the cause of high mortality in 23 farms of eel, Anguilla japonica, during the period from 2000 to 2010. Seven kinds of fish pathogens were confirmed in the tested fish, which included: Pseudodactylogyrus sp. (infection rate: 65.5%, 19/29 samples), aquabirnavirus (ABV, 62.5%, 15/24 samples), Edwardsiella sp. (44%, 11/25 samples), anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV1, 16.7%, 2/12 samples), Heterosporis sp. (10.3%, 3/29 samples), Vibrio sp. (8%, 2/25 samples), Trichodina sp. (3.4%, 1/29 samples). The rate of single infection was 44.8% (13/29 samples), while 62.1% (18/29 samples) showed mixed type of infection with 2 to 5 different pathogens. The most predominant mixed infection were Pseudodactylogyrus sp.-Edwardsiella sp. (10.3%, 3/29 samples), Pseudodactylogyrus sp.-ABV (10.3%, 3/29 samples), Edwardsiella sp.-ABV (6.9%, 2/29 samples). Infection by the above infectious parasites, bacteria and virus was confirmed in tested eels of juvenile to adult sizes that were cultured at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ in almost the examined farms.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 1999

Objectives : There have been several evidences that the central nervous system defect is one of the etiologic factors in schizophrenia and high nailfold plexus visibility can reflect these defects indirectly. These are particularly related to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the relationship between nailfold plexus visibility and various clinical variables in schizophrenia. Methods : Forty patients(20 males, 20 females) satisfying the DSM-lV criteria for schizophrenia and forty normal controls(20 males, 20 females) were measured for Plexus Visualization Score (PVS) by using capillary microscopic examination. We used Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Ulmann-Giovannoni Process-Reactive Questi-onnaire(PRQ), Phillips Premorbid Adjustment Scale(PAS), Continuous Performance Test, and Backward Masking for psychopathology and clinical variables. Results : There was no significant relationship between schizophrenic subjects and normal controls in PVS. PVS was correlated with PANSS positively except negative symptom subscore. PVS was correlated with PRQ score negatively, and with PAS score positively. Conclusions : This study shows high PVS are associated with more severe psychotic symptoms and with clinical variables, such as disease process and premorbid adjustment, in some schizophrenics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-73
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• 1982

Questionaires on symptoms of respiratory disease have been used in Korea to elicit the probable health effects of air pollution in epidemiologic studies: The objectives of such studies often include comparing prevalence of symptoms of respiratory system between different population groups or between the same population groups, at different times. Unfortunately, little attention has, been paid to standardization of those questionaires, whether those are Korean. versions or not. Furthermore, no attempt to develop Korean ,questionaire on respiratory symptoms and relevant information has been made. Followed by 'a comparative study on responses to Korean version questionaires(English origin) of CMI, MRC, and ATS-DLD-78' two types of questionaires on respiratory symptoms and relevant information for Korean adult, which are short form (SUN-81-AS) and long forms (optional questions are added to the short one, SUN-81-AL), have been designed suitable to Korean background by authors (see Annex). The self-administered and closed-question questionaire were tested their validity and reliability by administration to l80 normal adults (medical and nursing students) and 60 clinical patients of Seoul National University Hospital, with spirometric exam. The results obtained and conclusions drawn are as follow: 1. It took less than 10 minutes to complete the questionaire SNU-81-AS and SNU-81-AL. 2. The test-retest reliability of each questions in AS and AL ,were observed as 92.7% and 92.1%, respectively. And all of the level of agreement are statistically significant with kappa statistic. 3. In addition to higher prevalence rate of symptoms in patients group compared, with, normal. group, the correlations between FEV 1.0/FVC predictive value(%) and number of symptoms were statistically significant inpatients group (See Fig. 1 and, Table 7). 4. The answer rate to optional questions in AL form among those who are not to do was about 10%, while the no-answer rate among who are to do was about 15% in Normal (medical and nursing students) group. 5. From the viewpoints of validity and reliability, the new Korean questionaire (SNU-81-AS and AL) developed by authors are to be recommendable to use in epidemiologic studies on respiratory illness in Korea. The self-administration, however, of optional questions in AL form may not assure the quality of data gathered.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.197-203
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• 2007

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common disease in elderly men. Recently old-age population is increased and we are growing more and more interested in clinical importance of BPH. In this study, the effect of PLX, which was the mixture of tomato extract (including 2% of lycopene) and chitooligosaccharide, on prostatic cancer cell and testosterone-induced BPH in adult rats of the Sprague Dawley strain was determined. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT method using L929 and LNCaP cell line, pretreated with various concentrations of PLX. The expression of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and 5${\alpha$}$-reductase genes were evaluated by realtime PCR using LNCaP cell line and compared various concentrations of PLX with 50 ${\mu}$M of finasteride. An experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by giving testosterone for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks from start of giving testosterone, PLX and finasteride were administered orally once a day. The results were analyzed with prostate weight per body weight at 8 weeks. Cell viability of L929 cell line decreased specifically at the concentration of 2000 ${\mu}$g/mf of PLX. The cytotoxicity of PLX to the LNCaP cell line was shown at above 500 ${\mu}$g/ml of PLX. The inhibitory effect of PLX to the expression of PSA and 5${\alpha$}$-reductase genes in LNCaP cell line increased with the concentration of PLX. In vivo study, the results of PLX and finasteride administered group were 3.75${\pm}$0.60 and 3.49${\pm}$0.49 prostate weight ${\times}10^3$/body weight, which were lower than the result of BPH induced group (4.74${\pm}$0.58). These results suggested that PLX may be an effective material in BPH by having the role of the 5a-reductase inhibitor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.244-250
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• 2014

Recently, the Diabetes Mellitus is the major cause of death in Korea. According to the results of v 2011, 34% of adult(over 19 years) are diagnosed as a DM and 21.5% of the aging(over 65 years) are also DM. So in this study, we find out the status of DM prevalence among old people and related factors. Using the results, we will suggest several ways to prevent DM. We use Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(2006, version1.2)that those diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. We carried out X2 test and Binary Logistic Regression by IBM SPSS 19. 65~79 ages (p=0.006, OR=1.482), Urban people (p=0.008, OR=1.366), People diagnosed with Hypertension (p<0.001, OR=1.237), have high probability of Diabetes Mellitus. However, Subjective health condition(good) (p=0.005, OR=0.648), Subjective health condition(normal) (p<0.001, OR=0.335), and People diagnosed with Chronic lung disease (p=0.002, OR=0.778) have low probability of diabetes. Based on the study results, politic proposals were disccused.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.719-731
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• 2009

Objectives : Stroke is the most common disabling neurological disease of adult life. The treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients is an important and challenging area in the field of medicine. In Korea, a lot of stroke patients are treated using oriental medicine and there have been reports on their functional recovery. The aim of this study was to prove the therapeutic effect of oriental medicine on ischemic stroke. We also tried to identify characteristics of patients whose functional recovery was prominent and studied whether or not the use of fluids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neuroprotective agents increased the functional recovery of patients. Methods : We studied 794 patients within 2 weeks after first attack of ischemic stroke who were admitted to Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center from 1999 to 2000. Their maximum admission period was 60 days. Results : Motor power grade, NIHSS and MBI scores of patients improved during hospitalization significantly. Factors affecting functional recovery were admission period, motor power grade, NIHSS and MBI at admission. Age, waist-hip ratio and HDL cholesterol also affected functional recovery of patients. Whether or not fluids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neuroprotective agents were administered had nothing to do with functional recovery. Conclusion : Oriental medicine is effective for treatment and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients. When we manage stroke, we have to consider some important factors.