• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 1999

Four major scarab beetles, Ectinohoplia rufipes, Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Exomala orientalis and Popillia quadriguttata were obserbved in golf courses. Morphological characters of adults and larvae, feeding habit, mounds by grubs, and outbreak time were inbestigated. Body lengths of E. rufipes and A. tenuimaculatus were 11.5mm and 9.7-11.3mm, respectively and those of E. orientalis and P. quadriguttata were 8.0-13.5mm and 7.6-12.7mm, respectively. Adult of E. rufipes had a tendency to raise hind legs during the feeding and mating but showed no death feigning. On the contrary, A. tenuimaculatus adult did not raise its hind legs during the feding and showed death feigning and dropped to earth when disturbed. E. orientalis adults were mainly found from the flowers of chestnut trees in the daytime and P. quadriguttata adults were chiefly found from soft leaves of herbaceous plants in golf courses. White grubs of E. rufipes and A. tenuimaculatus did not have longitudinal and transversal seatae on anal part but setae on the raster were hooked. The shape of anal slit was Y-shape in E. rufipes and crescent-shape in A. tenuimaculatus. White grubs of E. orientalis had ten to sixteen longitudinal setae on raster and those of P. quadriguttata had medially two conspicuous rows of six or seven shorter straight setae forming a V. Adults of E. rufipes mainly fed on front part of leaves but those of A. tenuimaculatus fed on hind part of leaves. Mounds by earthworms and white grubs were different depending on species. Earthworm piled up sticky soil around exit hole but E. orientalis adult scattered soil one part of exit hole and A. tenuimaculatus adult scattered soil evenly around exit hole. Outbreak time of E. rufipes and A. tenuimaculatus was early May and that of E. orientalis and P. quadriguttata was late May.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1995

The effects of various n-6/n-3 ratios(about 2, 4, 6, 8) of dietary fatty acids on various lipid levels and prostaglandin production were studied at the constant P/S ratio (1.5-1.6) in young (5 weeks old) and adult(8 months old) Sprague-Dawley rats using palm oil, safflower oil and sardine oil. The concentration of serum cholesterol tended to increase with the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio. The tendency of HDL-cholesterol levels was similar to serum cholesterol levels. These were not apparent differences between young and adults rats. Serum triglyceride levels increased according to increasing n-6/n-3 ratio in young rats. These were generally high in the adult rats compared with the young rats. Though liver cholesterol level tended to increase according to the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio in the young rats. The liver triglyceride level did not change according to the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, these levels were apparently higher in the adult than in the young rats. The fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine(PC) were similar in serum and liver. The arachidonate/linoleate ratios in tissue PC were influenced by the n-6/n-3 ratio. They tended to be lower in the adult rats compared with the young rats. It was suggested that the activity of $\Delta$6-desturase was decreased by aging. Production of platelet thromboxane A2(TXA2)and aortic prostacyclin(PGI2) was not apparently influenced with n-6/n-3 ratio. Whereas the ratio of TXA2/PGI2 was the lowest value at 3.8 of n-6/n-3 ratio, expecially in the young rats. Thus this ratio seemed to be a desirable level to protect atherosclerosis. These results indicate that the lipid level and prostaglandin production were influenced not only by n-6/n-3 ratio(under constant P/S ratio) but by aging, particulary triglycerde level and arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.889-901
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to look into the physical features for each residential area by the age, with the female subjects residing in Beijing and Shanghai. This would provide the specific information regarding the body types of Chinese adult women, and additionally it would assist the effective advancement into the Chinese local markets by serving as the basic data for the size development and fitting improvement of clothing products for Chinese women. The body measurements were made with 525 adult female subjects of 20 to 49 years of age, residing in Beijing and Shanghai, China. The number of measurements items was 79. The results are as follows: As they grew older, the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai all showed increases in the items of width, thickness, girth, and length, which are highly correlated with the physical obesity, while they did not show any differences by the age range in the item of height. Differences were also found in the tendency of the type distribution by the age range of Chinese adult women in each residential area. As they grew older, the women residing on Beijing showed increases in the distribution of Body type 2 and Body type 4, which clearly indicated the features of obesity. On the other hand, the women residing in Shanghai showed the almost similar distribution in their 20's and 30's, while those in their 40's showed a high frequency in Body type 2 than in Body type 4.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2021

본 연구는 내현적자기애 성향이 높은 대학생들의 대인관계문제를 완화시키기 위해 그들의 핵심 정서인 내적 심리상태 중 부정적 정서인 성인애착을 통한 대인관계능력과의 관계를 검토하고, 내현적자기애와 대인관계 능력의 관계에서 성인애착에 대한 매개효과를 검증해보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울·경기 지역의 대학생 447명으로 2020년 7월 6일부터 31일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 23.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, t-test, 일원분산분석, Pearson의 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형, 부트스트래핑, sobel-test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 내현적자기애는 대인관계능력에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 내현적자기애는 성인애착에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생의 성인애착은 대인관계능력에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생의 내현적자기애와 대인관계능력 간의 관계에서 성인애착은 유의한 매개효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 대인관계에 어려움을 겪는 대학생들에게 내현적자기애를 변화시키는 노력과 함께 애착 수준을 향상시킬 수 있도록 도와주는 것이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1966

Observations were made on the total serum protein values of 532 Korean cattles(341 females and 191 males and 191 males) and 90 milk cows in order to determine the effects of age, sex and nutritional status upon serum protein. Results obtained in this studies were summerized as follows; 1. The concentration of total serum protein was higher in the adult than in the younger and was generally increased with the advance of age in Korean cattle. The rate of increase in total serum protein content was more significant in the young than that of adult. 2. The average concentration of total serum protein of male did not differ significaltly from that of females in Korean cattle. 3. The concentration of total serum protein in milk cows were significaltly higher than that of Korean cattle cows and this difference seemed to be influenced by rations high in protein 4. A general tendency showed that the concentration of total serum protein was significaltly higher in the Korean cattle keeping with good nutritional status than that of poor nutritional status.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2012

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the current data regarding age, sex, and Angle Classification of Korean orthodontic patients and influence of these factors on the tendency to undergo extraction and orthognathic surgery. Methods: The recent trends of Korean orthodontic patients were assessed using questionnaire survey. The questionnaires were e-mailed to orthodontists who met the study criteria; 58% of the orthodontists opened the e-mails, and 27.7% replied to the e-mails. In all, the medical records of 11,340 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at private clinics and small dental hospitals in Korea were analyzed. Results: The percentage of female patients in the study sample was 69.6%, and the average age of the patients was 19.87 years. The percentage of patients who were older than 19 years was 50.2%. Class II and Class III malocclusions were noted in 33.6% and 23.6% of patients, respectively. Extraction and orthognathic surgery were performed in 60.4% and 6.9% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that there were a high percentage of adult, Class II malocclusion and extraction patients in private practices and small dental hospitals during the study period. Further, a relatively high proportion of adult patients opted to undergo orthognathic surgery.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2009

Purpose: This study developed and evaluated a systematic intervention among medical ICU nurses for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (hereafter VAP). Methods: A VAP prevention program was proposed based on a literature review, revised to fit the target situation, and validated. It was composed of one-time interventions including education, pamphlets, hand cultures, and a quiz event, as well as repeated interventions such as posters, reminders, posting hand culture results, and performance feedback. A simulated control group pretest-posttest design was used to verify the effectiveness of the VAP control program. The incidence of VAP among ICU patients was measured both during 3 months before (n=80) and during 3 months after (n=75) intervention. Results: The VAP prevention program's effectiveness, with a pre-intervention VAP rate of 17.38 and post-intervention rate of 11.04 per 1,000 ventilator days, showed a clinical tendency to decrease, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.750). Conclusion: A VAP prevention program of multiple interventions can be useful in decreasing the VAP rate. Given that the monthly decrease in the VAP rate was not considered statistically significant, long-term research needs to be done. Additionally, since this study targeted only nurses, it is suggested that future research targets other health care workers who can influence VAP rates.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2014

This article represents a first step in a large study aimed at elucidating the relationship between production and perception involved in sound change of /o/ in (Seoul) Korean. In this paper we present the results of a production study and a perception experiment. For the production study we examined vowel production data of 20 young adult speakers, measuring the first and second formants, then conducted a discriminant analysis based on those values. In terms of their F1-F2 values, the distribution of /o/ and /u/ were close, and even overlapping in some circumstances, which is consistent with the literature. This tendency was more apparent among the female speakers than the males. Moreover, with the females' distributions, /o/ was frequently categorized as /u/, suggesting that the direction of the sound change is indeed increasing from /o/ to /u/. Next, to investigate the effects of this proximity on perception, we used the production data of five randomly selected speakers from the production study as stimuli for a perception experiment in which 21 young adult native speakers of (Seoul) Korean performed a vowel identification task and provided a Goodness rating on a 5-point scale. We found that while rates of correctness were high, when these correctness scores were weighted by the Goodness rating, these "weighted correctness" scores were lower in some cases, indicating a degree of confusion in distinguishing between the two vowels.

• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1984

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentofacial relationship of the Korean adult females who had excellent profile using roentgenocephalometry. The subjects were 35 females from 19 to 24 years of age selected among the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars. And, as the control group, 37 females from 18 to 23 years of age with normal occlusion and acceptable profile were selected. In both groups, each variable was measured and evaluated statistically introducing 24 reference points, 22 reference lines and 17 reference angles respectively. Conclusions from this study were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups. But SNA and convexity angle which had indicated the maxillary protrusion were lesser in the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars than in ~he control group. 2. In the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars, the maxillary and mandibular incisors were more upright than in the control group. 3. The protrusion of the upper and lower lip was lesser in the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars than in the control group. 4. Professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars revealed more straight profile than the control group and were similar to that of the Caucasian. 5. Generally, it was the tendency that the straight profile was accepted as esthetics.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.245-259
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is intended to establish the areas of use of the major effects of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodiae Fructus Pair in the Prescriptions. Methods : Prescriptions that include both Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus have been selected with the use of programs offered by http://www.koreantk.com, http://youl.net/data . This study compared and analyzed the main effects of the selected prescriptions. Results : Prescriptions that work on upper digestive system tend to have Coptidis Rhizoma to Evodiae Fructus ratio of 2:1~10:1, and Prescriptions that work on lower digestive system tend to have ratio of 1:1. When Coptidis Rhizoma takes up 50% or more of the total dose of the prescriptions, these prescriptions tend to have major effect on the upper digestive system, and when it takes less than 50%, these tend to have major effect on the lower digestive system on the contrary. Conclusions : The prescriptions based on Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodiae Fructus Pair have a tendency to treat digestive problems caused by mass of fever in Liver-system. On this basis, further studies are expected to unveil the effectiveness of these prescriptions on adult diseases.