• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

This study was due to investigate the dietary intakes, serum lipids and other hematological indices in female adolescent smokers. The subjects were 85 smokers, whose average pack-year(smoking years on the basis of one pack of cigarettes per day) was 1.26 and 87 nonsmokers who were female high school students in Seoul. An anthropometric measreument was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by the Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and food habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided. Nutritional analysis program for professional(CAN-pro). Serum TG, HDL-cholesterol and total-cholesterol levels were measured with test kits. Serum glucose, albumin, GOT and GPT were measured by automated dry chemistry system, SPOTCHEM 4410. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC and MCV were determined by Semi Automated Microcell Counter(F-520). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was no significant difference in the anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. The caloric intake in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in biochemical indices. Analysis of serum lipids showed that the serum levels of total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of nonsmokers were unexpectedly significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of smokers. Overall results indicate that smoking itself with short pack-year in healthy female adolescent did not seem to influence apparent health and nutritional status.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.557-570
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• 2017

본 연구는 2015년 청소년 건강행태온라인 조사의 원시자료를 이용한 2차 분석연구로, 청소년의 건강행태 및 정신건강 특성과 흡연과의 관련성을 파악하여, 효과적인 흡연예방 교육 및 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구결과, 일반적 특성에 따른 흡연은 성별, 학년, 학교유형, 학업성적, 평균용돈, 경제적 상태, 아버지 학력, 어머니 학력에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.001), 건강행태 특성에 따른 흡연은 평생 음주 경험, 가족흡연 여부, 친구흡연 여부, 신체활동 여부, 주관적 건강상태, BMI에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 정신건강 특성에 따른 흡연은 스트레스 인지 여부, 주관적 수면 충족, 우울감 경험, 자살생각, 주관적 행복에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 따라서 향후 흡연 관련 요인을 반영한 청소년의 효과적인 흡연 예방교육과 금연지도 프로그램의 개발 및 올바른 건강행태와 정신건강 증진을 흡연예방이나 금연교육과 통합하여 제공하는 방안이 필요하다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Background: Smoking in adolescence leads to an intensified addiction to nicotine when physical and mental growth has not yet been completed. With the advent of e-cigarettes, the rate of e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents has been steadily increasing. To date, studies on e-cigarettes and oral health, especially on the relationship between smoking styles and oral health in adolescents, are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral health problems caused by the repeated use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Methods: This explanatory research study compared the adolescents' experiences of periodontal disease symptoms according to smoking type through a secondary analysis of the original data from the 15th Adolescent Health Behavior Survey (2019). Cross-analysis was performed to compare the smoking patterns according to the adolescents' general characteristics. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine how smoking characteristics affect the adolescents' experience of periodontal disease symptoms. Results: In terms of patients' general characteristics, significant differences were observed in sex, school level, grades, household economic status, type of residence, and father's education level between adolescents who smoked conventional cigarettes alone and those who smoked both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes (p<0.05). After checking the factors affecting the smoking pattern and the experience of periodontal disease symptoms in adolescents, it was found that the duplicate smoking group was more likely to experience periodontal disease symptoms (odds ratio, 1.20) than the group that smoked conventional cigarettes alone (p<0.05). Conclusion: Duplicate smokers experienced more symptoms of periodontal disease than those who smoked cigarettes alone. Based on the findings of this study, smoking cessation counseling according to the smoking type and differentiated education for oral health promotion should be provided.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of an Adolescent Motivational Interviewing Cessation program on smoking cessation change. The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Methods: The participants were 39 high school students from G city, who were in school from September 1 to October 30, 2009. The students were assigned to the experimental group (20) and participated in the motivational interviewing cessation program or to the control group (19) who did not participate. Data analyses involved ${\chi}^2$-test, independent t-test, Repeated Measures ANOVA, and utilized the SPSS program. Results: The experimental group had significantly less daily smoking, nicotine dependence and smoking temptation in comparison to the control group. The experimental group had significantly higher stage of change in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a motivational interviewing cessation program delivered to adolescents who smoke is an effective method of encouraging cessation, and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for adolescents who smoke.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

This study was done to investigate the effect of adolescent smoking on dietary intakes and nutritional status of serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 82 somkers whose average pack-year was 0.73, and 85 nonsmokers of male technical high school students in Seoul. Anthropometric measurement was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional (CAN) analysis programs. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Spotchem sp-4410 and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were measured by test kit. serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured by HPLC. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was a significant difference in body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure while other anthropometric measurements were not different between smokers and monsmokers. Caloric intakes(2335㎉) in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers (2,175㎉) but the difference was not statistically significant. Intakes of protein(76.67g) and niacin(16.49㎎) in adolescent male smokers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of nonsmokers although other nutrient intakes were not significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that of nonsmokers, whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different. Serum vitamin C level was also significantly lower(p<0.05) in adolescent smokers than in nonsmokers. In addition, serum vitamin E level, which was 7.85㎎/1 in smokers, was lower than that of 9.20㎎/1 in nonsmokers(p<0.05) while serum vitamin A level was not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that cigarette smoking in adolescence decreases serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin C and vitamin E even thoughth their smoking history is very short. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 349∼357, 1998)

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.54-68
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• 1996

This study aimed at examining the risk factors of smoking behavior among middle school students and preparing school-based smoking prevention program. This study surveyed at February 1995 from 892 students at 3 middle schools in Seoul. The major findings of this study are follows; The proportion of current smoker among students in this study was 3.8%, and the proportion of intentions to smoking was 8.4%. At demographic variables male, pocket money of month was significantly positive association with smoking behavior, but economic status and education status of father were significantly negative association with smoking behavior. Results indicated that social influence variables(peer influence), alcohol, and positive attitudes of smoking were significantly positive association with smoking behavior. So implications for smoking prevention programs may be more effective at risk populations than using general adolescent population. Also ‘School-based smoking prevention programs’ may be learning social pressure resistance skills and giving knowledge and information about negative attitudes about smoking.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2002

Smoking can increase oxidative stress and thereby change the antioxidant defense system in the body. To investigate the relationship between male adolescent smoking and antioxidant status, we surveyed the eating habits and dietary intake of 82 smokers and 44 nonsmokers recruited from a male technical high school. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxide values were determined in both the plasma and the erythrocytes. Although the frequency of food intake was not significantly different, most nutrient intake was unexpectedly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. In comparison with the Korean RDA, especially the average intake of Ca, Fe and vitamin $B_2$ didn t reach 75% of the Korean RDA in either smokers or nonsmokers. An analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity showed that plasma catalase. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), erythrocyte catalase and GSH-px activities showed no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers. However, the erythrocyte SOD activity of smokers (1.57 unit/mgHb) was significantly lower than that of nonsmokers (2.00 unit/mg Hb). In addition, the plasma ceruloplasmin concentration of smokers (28.68 mg/$d\ell$) was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (26.30 mg/$d\ell$), whereas the specific ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity of smokers (0.31 unit/mg) was lower than that of nonsmokers (0.35 unit/mg). The plasma and erythrocyte thlobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of smokers (2.57 $\mu$mol/L, 0.32 $\mu$mol/gHb) were also significantly higher than those of nonsmokers (2.25 $\mu$mol/L, 0.27 $\mu$mol/gHb). The overall data indicate that adolescent smoking might decrease the antioxidant capacity of the body, in part, by lowering the erythrocyte SOD activity and the specific ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2000

The aim of this study is having the status, knowledge and attitude of the high school attendees toward smoking be analyzed, helping to make effective health education methods to diminish adolescent smoking habits. The field self-questionnaire investigation has been performed from Oct 10th through 23rd in 1999. The whole 427 cases were distributed to 1st and 2nd grade students of randomly selected men's high school in Seoul. And 414 cases (97%) were finally selected for analysis after exclusion of cases with insufficient information. The main contents of questionnaire are composed of several sectors; the general characteristics of the interviewees, the relationship with parents, the life style and the peer relationship in school. And smoking-related characteristics are taken into consideration, too. The major findings of the study are as follows: The smoking/non-smoking related factors are, in socio-demographical terms, the grade, average spending per month of the interviewees. And the degree of satisfactory relationship with parents is significant on smoking behavior. The higher, the degree of satisfaction on school life and relationship with designated teacher, the more chances of non-smoking habit. Poor academic grades and peer group dependability of interviewees cause higher smoking habit rate in other way. The self-interviewees grade and cohabitation with parents are also significant on both the attitude toward smoking habit and the knowledge on smoking statistically. The academic history and vocations of the parents and the academic grades of interviewees are also effective variables, but don't make any gap between groups knowledge on smoking. Smoking groups used to have positive attitude toward smoking habit. Both the attitude and knowledge on smoking by the consideration of Quit-smoking have statistically significance. The groups which have negative attitude and high knowledge on smoking quit-smoking into consideration. And the primary cause of quit-smoking is on health by smoking. Depression, stress, adult smoking in the house, peer group pressure, cigarettes advertisements on papers and magazines and smoking scenes on TV have positive correlation on forming smoking habit (p〈0.001) But the knowledge on diseases triggered by smoking has negative correlation on forming smoking habit. (p〈0.05, p〈0.001). Social factors as monthly spending, relationship and communication with parents, the degree of satisfaction in school life, academic grades and student-teacher relationship have crucial negative correlation on smoking habit. That is to say, the higher, the monthly spending is, the worse, the relationship with parents and teachers is, the lower, the academic grades of the student is, the percentage of the interviewees who have smoking habit seems to get higher.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was carried out to identify the effects of classroom lectures on adolescent nursing education in distance education. Method: The design of this study was a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 434 nurses in K open university. Data were collected from April to June, 2009 by the adolescent delinquency measurement scale and questionnaire for awareness of the issue in adolescent health education. Result: The both groups perceived the biggest problem as the lack of assigned education time in adolescent health education. After receiving education, the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group in recognition of adolescent problem behavior which is in interpersonal, intermaterial, order, drug, sex, position, alcohol/smoking delinquency and psychiatric problem. Conclusion: This adolescent nursing education is an effective education for nurses and could improve their recognition of adolescent problem behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8645-8652
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• 2016

Background: Consumption of tobacco in the form of a water pipe has recently increased, especially among young people. This study aimed to develop a scale which would be used in order to detect perceptions about the effects of water pipe smoking on health and to test its validity and reliability. Our scale named "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" was developed in order to detect factors effecting the perception of adolescents about the effects of water pipe smoking on health. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 voluntary students in scale development and 750 voluntary students in the study group. Data were collected via a questionnaire prepared by researchers themselves and 5-pont Likert scale for "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" which was prepared through the literature. Data evaluation was carried out on a computer with SPSS. Results: The findings of the study showed that "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" was valid and reliable. Total score average of the adolescents participated in the study was $58.5{\pm}1.25$. The mean score of the ones who did not smoke water pipe ($60.1{\pm}11.7$) was higher than the mean score of the ones who smoked water pipe ($51.6{\pm}13.8$), the difference being statistically significant. Conclusions: It is established that "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" was a reliable and valid measurement tool. It is also found out that individuals who smoked a water pipe had a lower level of perception of water pipe smoking effects on health than their counterparts who did not smoke a water pipe.