• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

The vortex tube is a simple device for separating a compressed fluid stream into two flows of high and low temperature without any chemical reactions. Recently, vortex tube is widely used to local cooler of industrial equipments and air conditioner for special purpose. The phenomena of energy separation through the vortex tube were investigated to see the effects of cold flow inlet-outlet ratios and partial admission rates on the energy separation experimentally. The experiment was carried out with various cold flow inlet-outlet ratios from 0.28 to 10.56 and partial admission rates from 0.176 to 0.956 by varying input pressure and cold air flow ratio. To find best use in a given cold flow inlet-outlet ratio and partial admission rate, the maximum temperature difference of cold air was presented. The experimental results were indicated that there are an optimum range of cold flow inlet-outlet ratio for each partial admission rate and available partial admission rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

In this paper, experimental investigation results of the effect of partial admission ratio on the performance of axial turbine was presented. A supersonic impulse turbine of gas generator cycle liquid rocket engine turbopump was used for the test. for experimental purpose, a nozzle block, in which total 14 number of axi-symmetric convergent-divergent nozzles are arranged circumferentially, was designed and manufactured. Partial admission ratio was controlled by changing the number of active nozzles. High pressure air was used as working medium for the test. The experimental result revealed that the performance of the supersonic impulse turbine does not much affected by the partial admission ratio for supersonic impulse turbine.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 1997

This study is theoretically examined the influences on the performance of diesel engine super¬charged by exhaust gas turbine with the change of excess air factor, admission ratio, total efficien¬cy of turbine and compressor, scavenging pressure ratio, and scavenging temperature. In this study, all calculations are carried out by computer, and the theoretical engine performance is com¬pared with the actual engine performance which is offered from engine manufacturer. Following results are acquired by this study. The mean effective pressure is increased with decrease of excess air factor or increase of scavenging pressure ratio. As the admission ratio or total efficiency of tur¬bine is increased, the mean effective pressure is increased but the specific fuel consumption is decreased. Mean calculation error compared with the actual engine performance is under 5 per¬cents, therefore, this calculation method can be used in the design of diesel engine.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.376-388
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• 2023

After a longitudinal analysis of the data on the college entrance examination of students enrolled in the Department of Chemistry Education at Gyeongnam from 2014 to 2021, the effect on the academic achievement of general chemistry according to the type of college entrance examination was studied. And the impact on the academic achievement of general chemistry according to the type of admission screening in face-to-face and non-face-to-face teaching-learning was also studied. As a result of analyzing the academic achievement of general chemistry by admission process, students admitted through occasional screening showed relatively high grades of A and B at 88.7%, and the ratio of grades of 1~3 of chemistry I in high school was high. On the other hand, in the case of students admitted through regular admission, the ratio of grades of A and B in general chemistry was very high at 94.3%, and the ratio of grades of 3~4 in chemistry I of the College Scholastic Ability Test was high. As a result of analyzing the academic achievement of general chemistry by class type and admission process, it was found that the grades of chemistry I by face-to-face classes had an effect on the academic achievement of general chemistry in non-face-to-face classes. In both admissions, the academic achievement of general chemistry by face-to-face classes was relatively higher than that of non-face-to-face-to-face classes.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2009

In this paper we propose a Differentiated Services Based Admission Control and Routing Algorithm for IPv6 (ACMRA). The basic DiffServ architecture lacks an admission control mechanism, the injection of more QoS sensitive traffic into the network can cause congestion at the core of the network. Our Differentiated Services Based Admission Control and Routing Algorithm for IPv6 combines the admission control phase with the route finding phase, and our routing protocol has been designed in a way to work alongside DiffServ based networks. The Differentiated Services Based Admission Control and Routing Algorithm for IPv6 constructs label switched paths in order to provide rigorous QoS provisioning. We have conducted extensive simulations to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed admission control and routing algorithm. Simulation Results show that the Differentiated Services Based Admission Control and Routing Algorithm for IPv6 provides an excellent packet delivery ratio, reduces the control packets' overhead, and makes use of the resources present on multiple paths to the destination network, while almost each admitted flow shows compliance with its Service Level Agreement.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2017

Traffic management is a highly beneficial mechanism for satisfying quality-of-service requirements and overcoming the resource scarcity problems in networks. This paper introduces an optimal connection admission control mechanism to decrease the packet loss ratio and end-to-end delay in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). This mechanism admits data flows based on the value of information sent by the sensor nodes, the network state, and the estimated required resources of the data flows. The number of required channels of each data flow is estimated using a proposed formula that is inspired by a graph coloring approach. The proposed admission control mechanism is formulated as a semi-Markov decision process and a linear programming problem is derived to obtain the optimal admission control policy for obtaining the maximum reward. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism outperforms a recently proposed admission control mechanism in CRSNs.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the nurse staffing level and the patient mortality using Korean National Health Insurance data. Methods: The data of 1,068,059 patients from 913 hospitals between 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The nurse staffing level was categorized based on the bed-to-nurse ratio in general wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and hospitals overall. The x² test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality after admission. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.9% and 30-day mortality after admission rate was 3.0%. Odd Ratios (ORs) for in-hospital mortality were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.63~0.84) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.88 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66~0.92). ORs for 30-day mortality after admission were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73~0.94) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.63 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.72~1.00). Conclusion: To reduce the patient mortality, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of nurses by improving the nursing fee system according to the nurse staffing level.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2019

Background: This study investigates the impact of weekend admission with a patient safety indicator (PSI) on 30-day mortality among long-term insurance beneficiaries. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior claim database from 2002 to 2013. To obtain unbiased estimates of odds ratio, we used a nested case-control study design. The cases were individuals who had a 30-day mortality event after their last medical utilization, while controls were selected by incidence density sampling based on age and sex. We examined the interaction between the main independent variables of weekend admission and PSI by categorizing cases into four groups: weekend admission/PSI, weekend admission/non-PSI, weekday admission/PSI, and weekday admission/non-PSI. Results: Of the 83,400 individuals in the database, there were 20,854 cases (25.0%) and 62,546 controls (75.0%). After adjusting for socioeconomic, health status, seasonality, and hospital-level factors, the odds ratios (ORs) of 30-day mortality for weekend admission/PSI (OR, 1.484; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.371-1.606) and weekday admission/PSI (OR, 1.357; 95% CI, 1.298-1.419) were greater than for patients with weekday admission/non-PSI. Conclusion: This study indicated that there is an increased risk of mortality after weekend admission among patients with PSI as compared with patients admitted during the weekday without a PSI. Therefore, our findings suggest that recognizing these different patterns is important to identify at-risk diagnosis to minimize the excess mortality associated with weekend admission in those with PSI.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and occurrence of aspiration pneumonia in drug intoxication (DI) patients in the emergency department (ED) and to evaluate the relationship between NLR and length of hospital admission/intensive care unit (ICU) admission Methods: A total of 466 patients diagnosed with DI in the ED from January 2016 to December 2017 were included in the analysis. The clinical and laboratory results, including NLR, were evaluated as variables. NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count/absolute lymphocyte count. To evaluate the prognosis of DI, data on the development of aspiration pneumonia were obtained. Also, we evaluated the relationship between NLR and length of hospital admission and between NLR and length of ICU admission. Statistically, multivariate logistic regression analyses, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Pearson's correlation (${\rho}$) were performed. Results: Among the 466 DI patients, 86 (18.5%) developed aspiration pneumonia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed NLR as an independent factor in predicting aspiration pneumonia (odds ratio, 1.7; p=0.001). NLR showed excellent predictive performance for aspiration pneumonia (areas under the ROC curves, 0.815; cut-off value, 3.47; p<0.001) with a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 72.6%. No correlations between NLR and length of hospital admission (${\rho}=0.195$) and between NLR and length of ICU admission (${\rho}=0.092$) were observed. Conclusion: The NLR is a simple and effective marker for predicting the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia in DI patients. Emergency physicians should be alert for aspiration pneumonia in DI patients with high NLR value (>3.47).

• Solar Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The phenomena of energy separation through the vortex tube was investigated experimentally, to see the effect of nozzle area ratio and partial admission rate on the energy separation and cooling capacity. The experiment was tarried out with various nozzle area ratios from 0.031 to 0.232 and partial admission rate from 0.176 to 0.956 by varying input pressure($0.2{\si\m}0.5$ MPa) and cold air mass fraction($y=0.1{\sim}1.0$). From the experimental result, we found the optimum nozzle area ratio and the effective partial admission rate for the available use and best cooling performance in given operation condition. While the maximum drop of cold air temperature was observed at around y=0.3 and $S_n=0.155$, the maximum cooling capacity was observed at around y=0.6 and $S_n=0.094$.