• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2019

This study aims to identify the rural spatial structure and to establish the planning characteristics based on urban-rural connections strategy of North Korea. For this purpose, they were collected such as documents and drawings including primary data related to rural planning in North Korea, and the rural space were classified into three elements in order to analyze them by the rural planning's point of the view. Unlike generalized capitalist cities, socialist North Korean cities are characterized by the coexistence of urban and rural areas. This distinct feature of the city is also reflected in creating rural space in North Korea. Thus, The urban-rural integration in spatial planning is a key factor in understanding the spatial structure of North Korea. This study firstly examines the characteristics of the county(gun), the administrative and economic unit established in the post-war period, secondly, examines the planning method of town(eup) which can be called the urban center in rural areas, and lastly grasps the planning method of rural village focusing on collectivization and identifies how they are connected to the town for the shake of urban-rural integration. As a result, the characteristics of rural planning in North Korea has revealed that it has a comprehensive rural planning established with the goal of strengthening the self-sufficiency of the rural area by the means of the create of rural spatial hierarchy in the whole country.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.230-239
• /
• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of geographic units of analysis on measuring geographic variation in medical services utilization. For this purpose, we compared geographic variations in the rates of eight major procedures in administrative units (districts) and new areal units organized based on the actual health care use of the population in Korea. Methods: To compare geographic variation in geographic units of analysis, we calculated the age-sex standardized rates of eight major procedures (coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, surgery after hip fracture, knee-replacement surgery, caesarean section, hysterectomy, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging scan) from the National Health Insurance database in Korea for the 2013 period. Using the coefficient of variation, the extremal quotient, and the systematic component of variation, we measured geographic variation for these eight procedures in districts and new areal units. Results: Compared with districts, new areal units showed a reduction in geographic variation. Extremal quotients and inter-decile ratios for the eight procedures were lower in new areal units. While the coefficient of variation was lower for most procedures in new areal units, the pattern of change of the systematic component of variation between districts and new areal units differed among procedures. Conclusions: Geographic variation in medical service utilization could vary according to the geographic unit of analysis. To determine how geographic characteristics such as population size and number of geographic units affect geographic variation, further studies are needed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to provide the preliminary data on preparation for policy decisions regarding the groundwater supply scheme for N. Korea vulnerable to drought. Agricultural activities oriented to upland field due to the mountainous terrain more than 79% as well as the diversity of rainfall distribution over the country make more vulnerable to structural problems in the drought in N. Korea. Therefore, in anticipation of the expansion of exchange policies in agricultural sector, the available amount of groundwater needed for sustainable water resources supply was estimated for each administrative district after analyzing alluvium and hydrogeology distribution in N. Korea. Overall, the available amount of groundwater was estimated to 22.3 billion m³ (0.18 million m³/km²). The available amount of groundwater per unit area in Ryanggangdo and Gaesungsi was appeared very high in each of 0.56 and 0.39 million m³/km², respectively, and it would be interpreted that two districts have relatively wide area of volcanic rocks and alluvium with highly permeable characteristics, respectively. Finally, to maximize the utilization of this study result, the available amount of groundwater distribution map was developed on the basis of the 1 × 1 km grid network over the entire N. Korea.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2014

This research intends to discover the housing conditions of the elderly in rural area in South Korea, and identify measures to improve the conditions for an independent and safe life of seniors. This research conducted both survey research and experimental study. The survey interviewed 1,000 elderly people over 65 in farming areas across the country based on random selection from Census 2010 and sampling by regional size and administrative unit (Eup, Myeon, Li) to reflect the regional characteristics more accurately. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. The experimental study identified the housing elements that may threaten the life of seniors based on a complete survey on households of elderly people over 65 in a selected typical rural village. As a result, the most inconvenient and threatening factor in the housing facilities appears to be the floor level difference. It was identified that most houses had the risk of falling due to the differences of the floor level between indoor and outdoor, and slippery floor materials. The squat toilets also bring inconvenience not only to the seniors with limited mobility but also to healthy elderly people. In particular, as most bathroom doors opened inward, it may be difficult to escape from or rescue someone in an emergency of falling, fainting or exhaustion.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.219-229
• /
• 2018

연구목적: 본 연구는 전면전 위기 고조 시 효율적인 접경지역 주민 철수경로 및 일정수립에 최적화된 모형 제안을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 현실 반영을 위해 실제 도시의 지형, 인구, 도로 데이터를 기반으로 Kruscal's Algorithm, Harmony Search, CCRP를 활용하여 행정구역(읍 면 동) 단위 네트워크를 생성한 후, 최적의 주민철수로를 찾는 순서로 실험을 진행한다. 연구결과: 반복실험을 통해 최적의 주민철수 경로 및 스케줄을 산출하였고, 주민 철수시간 평균을 최소화하는 시나리오가 주민철수 계획수립에 효율적이라는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 제안하는 주민철수 모형을 활용하면, 주민철수 계획 수립 시 기존의 정성적인 분석에 정량적 분석을 보완하여 보다 효율적인 계획 수립이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2015

Biomass burning is known to be one of the main sectors emitting greenhouse gases as well as air pollutants. Unfortunately, the inventory of biomass burning sector has not been established well. We estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution (AP) integrated emissions from biomass burning sector in Seoul during year 2010. The data of GHG and AP emissions from biomass burning, classified into open burning, residential fireplace and wood stove, meat cooking, fires, and cremation, were obtained from Statistics Korea and Seoul City. Estimation methodologies and emission factors were gathered from reports and published literatures. Estimated GHG and AP integrated emissions during year 2010 were $3,867tonCO_{2eq}$, and 2,320 tonAP, respectively. Major sources of GHG were forest fires ($1,533tonCO_{2eq}$) and waste open burning ($1,466tonCO_{2eq}$), while those of AP were meat cooking (1,240 tonAP) and fire incidence (907 tonAP). Total emissions by administrative district in Seoul, representing similar patterns in both GHG and AP, indicated that Seocho-gu and Gangseo-gu were the largest emitters whereas Jung-gu was the smallest emitter, ranged in $2{\sim}165tonCO_{2eq}$ and 0.1~8.31 tonAP. GHG emissions per $km^2$ showed different results from total emissions in that Gwanak-gu, Jungnang-gu, Gangdong-gu and Seodaemun-gu were the largest emitters, while Seocho-gu and Gangseo-gu were near-averaged emission districts, ranged in $0.2{\sim}21tonCO_{2eq}/km^2$. However, AP emissions per $km^2$ revealed relatively minor differences among districts, ranged in $2.3{\sim}6.1tonAP/km^2$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.5525-5533
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 가족간 의사소통과 자아존중감이 노년기의 우울감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 이를 위한 우울관리 정책개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 우울과 관련된 선행연구를 바탕으로 질문지를 개발하였으며, 연구를 수행하기 위해 2014년 4월부터 5월 사이에 노인 420명을 대상으로 서울, 경기에서 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 노인의 우울감은 경제적 요인, 가족관계 요인, 건강요인, 사회적 요인에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 가족간의 의사소통과 자아존중감은 노인의 우울감에 매개효과가 나타났다. 따라서 노인 개개인의 특성을 고려하여 가족 간 의사소통과 자아존중감을 구체적으로 높여질 수 있는 제도적, 사회적 장치와 행정적 재정적 지원이 필요하다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2008

GIS 기반의 다기준 의사결정분석에서 공간현상을 제대로 재현할 수 있는 평가기준도를 작성하는 것은 정확하고 합리적인 적지분석 결과를 도출하기 위한 중요한 작업이다. 적지 분석 과정에서 행정 구역 자료를 이용한 평가 기준도가 널리 사용되고 있지만 아직까지 dasymetric mapping 방법을 이용하여 평가 기준도를 제작할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구에서는 공간 단위로 집계된 사회경제적 속성 값을 세부 공간 단위로 재할당하는 dasymetric mapping 기법을 활용하여 다기준 의사결정분석에 필요한 평가기준도를 작성하는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 산업입지 분석에 적용한 결과, 노동력 평가기준도, 기존 도시와의 거리 평가기준도를 제작하여 속성의 공간 분포 패턴을 세부 공간단위로 재현할 수 있었다. 또한 다기준 의사결정분석 과정에 적용되어 산업입지 후보지에 대한 분석 결과를 도출하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 2005

This study aims to examine the socio-demographic heterogeneity of community participation in rural Korea. Data was collected through interviews with 1,870 rural householders and housewives who have lived in Up or Myen as an administrative unit of rural communities, and analyzed by the SPSS/PC Win V.10 program. The statistical techniques used for this study were frequency and percentile. The major findings of this study were as follows. Firstly, the extent to which rural people have participated in community organizations were: cooperative groups, $80.8\%$; religious groups, $20.6\%$; learning groups, $12.7\%$; political groups, $9.8\%;$ civil groups $6.7\%$; and voluntary groups, $5.3\%$. Whereas the numbers were high for community participation in groups related to agricultural production, participation in civil and voluntary groups were lower. Secondly, it showed that people who lived in urbanized and high population density areas were more likely to participate in community groups. The diversity of community organizations was different according to the level of rurality. Thirdly, farm householders were more likely to participate in religious, civil and voluntary groups than non-farm householders. Fourthly, people with higher education, females, those in the 40 to 50 age groups were more likely to participate in community organizations. Fifthly, even though men are more likely to participate in political parties, women were more likely then men to agree that women should participate in political parties. This empirical study could support the results of Sundeen (1988) and Wilson and Musick (1997) in that education was related positively to community participation. In addition, we concluded that community participation in a rural development process has two main considerations: philosophical and pragmatic. This implies that there is room for government to enable and facilitate 'true' community participation. That can be done through policy reform which creates a permissive environment for community decision-making and input, in addition to simply supporting community development through financial assistance.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.155-167
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to grasp visiting nurses' perception of the service referral between health and welfare with a view to providing the basic data for the visiting nursing activities. A questionnaire survey was conducted on public health nurses in 25 health centers in Seoul from Feb. 12, 2001 to Mar. 15, 2001. A total of 151 questionnaires were collected and they were analysed by use of SPSS/WIN 7.5. The results of the survey are as follows. 1. In general, visiting nurses were burdened with heavy workloads. On average, a visiting nurse covered 5 ‘dong's(the smallest administrative unit), 564 households, and 1223 persons. They spent almost a quarter of their working hours moving from home to home and recording the charts after home visiting. They took 30-60 minutes to provide their services when visiting homes. As for the frequency of home visiting, they were following the instructions recommended by the government. However, their services were still wasteful, not skill-oriented, in that they spent more time assessing ‘subjects’ rather than providing their ‘services’ for them. 2. As for the degree of service performance, visiting nurses scored average 2.94 and 2.28 on the four-point scale in the area of health and welfare respectively. The Pearson coefficient between the two variables was high(.56). According as the health services increased, the welfare services increased as well, which showed that the service referral between the two areas should be essential. 3. ‘The necessity of cooperation with social welfare staff’ scored average 4.49, and ‘the degree of cooperation with social welfare staff’ scored average 3.16 on the five-point scale; There was a statistically significant difference (average 1.33) between the two variables. Such a big difference between perception and practice results from the lack of political support that connects the two service areas comprehensively. Therefore it is recommendable to establish a so-called ‘Visiting Nursing Center’ in the ‘dong’ office in order to provide integrated services of health and welfare at once in cooperation with social welfare staff. That's the way to meet the public needs directly and it's more efficient as well in terms of cost-saving.