• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2021

Purpose: Year of 2020, COVID-19 has been changing the people's everyday life to ways never been thought of before all over the world. The IT and electronic industry, the methods of supplying goods and services have been changed from contact to un-tact environments based on un-tact systems very rapidly. COVID-19 has been striking the tourism and the travel industry, especially the airline and hotel industry of which services are provided by human. For the passenger service of airliner, automation has been propelled and un-tact style of service has become mainstreams except cabin service since 2000's. For passenger transportation, due to traffic regulations and exclusions etc., switching to new ways is not easy. However, under the new environment made by COVID-19, kiosk check-in, web check-in and mobile check-in has become more important. In this study, the characteristics of airline customers using mobile goods are investigated to find ways to raise the rate of utilizing mobile check-in and to increase the efficiency of boarding process. Research design, data, and methodology: Considering the COVID-19 environment, survey was done by online research company. The research model is designed to integrate the user characteristics and usage/purchase motive and technology acceptance theory. Especially considering infectious diseases prevention, concern of safety is adopted as one of the usage motive variable. Results: Extraversion or conscientiousness characteristics prefers counter check-in(contact service), while openness characteristics prefers mobile check-in(un-tact service). Concern of safety for infectious disease shows strong non-preference on counter check-in. Conclusions: Regarding service type regardless of type of the industry, automation and un-tact have been mainstreams due to high costs of labor, efficiency and standardization issue, etc., and COVID-19 has given impetus to them. For airliner, un-tact service including boarding process service has been more and more important. To raise the rate of un-tact service use, the characteristics of the user should be analyzed first. The study results indicate that for extraversion or conscientiousness, some kinds of methods to induce them to use un-tact service more are needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.139-145
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of black consumer behavior on turnover intentions. Baron and kenny (1986) The effectiveness of the analysis results, according to the verification procedure. Results of empirical analysis are as follow. black-consumer behavior has the significant positive effect on the intention of turnover of employee in restaurant. and The significance of this study indicates that service employee's psychological contract violation plays a role as mediated variable influencing the relationship between black-consumer behavior and intention of turnover. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, it was suggested that measures such as a policy banning access to black consumers or compensation system such as emotional labor allowance were needed to reduce the degree of turnover of the members of the organization. Finally, the methodological limitations of this study are presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

The goal of this study is to promote the spread of environmentally friendly agricultural products, which have been receiving a lot of attention lately, as a way to improve food safety and quality. As a result of the increased labor input, increased production costs, and an aging population, environmentally friendly agriculture is making it more difficult for farmers to expand their enterprises. In the meantime, consumers find it difficult to spread eco-friendly agricultural products due to their high expectations for safety and quality, as well as the desire to purchase products at a reasonable price. Previous studies have revealed differences in perceptions between eco-friendly agricultural producers and consumers. In light of this, this study divided consumers based on their characteristics (such as age, purchase history, health concerns, etc.), and different policies were proposed in order to increase purchasing factors for each group based on their characteristics. In order to gather information for this study, general citizens were asked about their perceptions of eco-friendly agricultural products, future purchase intentions and awareness, reliability, necessity, purpose, and information sources. A two-step clustering analysis was conducted using nominal and continuous variables simultaneously. The paper presents the three derived group differences (senior organic interest group, middle-aged organic interest group, and indifferent young organics) as well as group differences for the purchasing/non-purchasing factor analysis and policy improvement for each group. An eco-friendly agricultural product distribution proposal was made at the end of this article.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2011

Self-tapping screws have some operational peculiarities. In spite of their economical advantage that requires no prior tapping operation, a weakness of self-tapping screw-tightening operations is that screws can easily be tightened at a non-right angle, thus resulting in an improper tightening strength. Increases in outsourced workers have reduced labor costs, but the accompanying high worker fluidity means that new workers are more frequently introduced into factories. It is necessary to train new workers for self-tapping screw-tightening operations, which occupies a considerable portion of ordinary assembly works. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a skill transfer system for the operation. This study (1) proposes a set of characteristic values for evaluating the quality of the operation and develops a device that can measure these values; (2) proposes criteria for evaluating the resultant quality of the tightening; and (3) develops a skill training system for better work performance. Firstly, sets of characteristic values for evaluating the quality of the operation, namely, torque, vertical pressure forces and horizontal vibration forces, are proposed. A device that can measure these values is developed. Secondly, criteria for evaluating the resultant quality of the tightening are identified, involving tightening torque, maximum vertical pressure and timing, vibration area during the processing and tightening period, and work angle. By using such parameters, workers with the proper aptitude can be identified. Thirdly, a skill training system for the operation is developed. It consists of screwdriver operation training and screw-tightening training with feedback information about the results of the operation. Finally, the validity of the training system is experimentally verified using new operators and actual workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.317-336
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• 1999

Official nursing education of Korea under Japanese rule began in order to make the communication possible among Japanese medical men and Korean patients. It could generate high standard nurses from the beginning. Nurses licensure began in 1914 and the graduates of official nursing schools could get nurses licensure without further test. Official nursing education became the standard of R.N. education. The curriculum emphasized on Japanese and ethics first, and in order to produce nurse, practice second. In 1920 the shortage of nurse became serious problem, so the Japanese colonial authorities set up 5 official nursing school in large scale. In 1922 they revised the relevant laws and regulations to make the nursing licensure pass all over Japanese ruling area. 8-year preliminary education and 2 year curriculum became standard of official nursing education after then. Other nursing schools should satisfy this standard to let their graduate get nurses licensure without further test. Curriculum was revised to satisfy the dual goal of 'good housewife' and 'good nurse'. Every official nursing school tried to raise educational standard Nursing science was specialized and more emphasis was put on the occupational education. From the late 1930s, Japanese desperately needed additional manpower to replenish the dwindling ranks of their military and labor forces. They tried to produce more nurses by increase nursing school. Students had to do wartime work instead of study. Younger students could enter nursing school, and general school could produce R.N. In conclusion, nursing education of Korea under Japanese rule was determined by the official nursing education. The Japanese colonial authorities lead the official nursing education. It made nursing education fixed early and produced high standard R.N. But it made nursing education withdraw in late Japanese rule period. Nursing education of Korea began quite weak in the need of nursing and Korea herself. The weakness became a subject of nursing education of Korea after Japanese rule to produce better R.N..

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-107
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• 2002

The sea of north-east Asia is biologically interrelated and one country's mishap in the management of fisheries could have a critical effect upon the other. Accordingly under the TAC system adopted by all the countries of Korea, Japan and China, the mismanagement o( trans-boundary fish stocks under the provisional fisheries agreement prior to the delimitation of EEZ could lead to the irrevocable depletion of fisheries resources in case of absence of close cooperation among the countries concerned. To tackle the problems above, it is necessary, from a short term perspective, to promote the combined efforts to do researches on fisheries resources, find ways to improve the transparency of fisheries management, adjust the fisheries management regulations of each country, standardize fishing gears and methods, and exchange fisheries-related statistics and data for socio-economic analysis and strengthen joint research activities for the mutual benefits. From a longer term prospective, regional fisheries organization need to be set up to oversee the whole area of north-east Asian sea. The organization as such could play a role in adjusting the conflicting interests of Korea, Japan and China, and efficiently manage the fisheries resources, which is complex and challenging in nature. In addition, unlike China, the historical fisheries relationship between Korea and Japan, spirit of reciprocity and the Article 62 of the United Nations Convention On the Law Of Sea need to be taken into account when seeking for fisheries cooperation between the two countries through the international specialization. In other words, the data obtained through the joint researches on the fisheries resources for the specific ocean along with such factors as capital, labor, fisheries technology and consumption of fish products could be used to assign the specific sector of fisheries to the country who has a comparative advantage, thus achieving the mutually benefiting results Up to the present, concerted efforts by Korea, Japan and China on the fisheries cooperation have been consistently made, but the results have yet to be materialized, It is also beyond doubt that governmental consultations among the countries should be made on a consistent basis, but non-governmental organizations' exchanges and related joint researches will more likely help bring about the desired fruition in a shorter time.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

This study examines academic research trends and the change of patterns by analyzing researches related to hospital management registered in Korea Citation Index(KCI) from 2010 to 2014 and offers basic information for interests and future research demands in the field of hospital management As research subjects, a total of 694 published articles were selected. It's to analyze them by dividing into research topics, methods and author's characteristics, and to present them by classifying the period into 2010-2011, 2012-2013, 3rd quarter of 2014 since there was no significant difference in the result between adjacent years. As a result, Korean Journal of Hospital Management has accounted for the highest published rate year after year. In the research topic analysis, it showed a decreasing trend in these research topics as medical marketing and patient satisfaction which became the biggest issue in 2010-2011 significantly were lower in 2014, but an increasing trend in job satisfaction, job stress, labor administration and workforce productivity. The most frequently cited keywords were hospital employees, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job stress, turnover intention. According to the research method analysis, the survey was the most popular method for data collection. However, Interview and medical records as data sources showed a decline trend. As analysis methods, multivariate analysis of quantitative methods was most used. Finally, as a result of analyzing main author's characteristics, the ratio of the authors belonging to health administration and nursing departments of the academic world increased gradually. In the regional distribution, organizations in Seoul are most common, those in Daegu Gyeongbuk areas, foreign organizations showed a tendency to decrease. This is the first study to examine the annual trend on hospital management-related research issues among articles published in domestic journal and we found qualitative and quantitative advances in hospital management research filed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

The aquaculture management considers the maintenance of households lifehood more than profit maximization. As aquaculture industry has developed enterprise farms appeared, and the small and the large scale farms coexist. The features of coexistence could be summarized as followings. First of all, the large scale farms show the higher net profit while the small scale farms show the higher profit per 1ha and the earning rate. Secondly, in the case of over 2ha, the earning rate is stable in spite of the scale expansion. Moreover, in processing method, dried seaweed occupy the biggest proportion in the small scale farms while the raw seaweed occupy the biggest proportion in the large scale farms. Lastly, the scale of farms becomes larger, the participation rate of household labor rises. This thesis analyses the efficiency of Korean seaweed farms in the way of DEA model and suggests the improvements for the efficiency management. The mean technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were measured to be 0.88, 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Among the 20 farms included in the analysis, 10 were technically efficient and 12 were scale efficient. In conclusion, it is shown that the aquaculture farms has been becoming the form of coexistence. This appearance results in the effort for reducing the cost in the small scale farms and in profit maximization in the large scale farms. On the other hand, middle scale farms is inefficient compared with the small or large scale farms. Therefore, in order to achieve the efficiency, it is necessary to accomplish economy of scale by extending farm size or to cut expenses by reducing farm area. In other word, the efforts for achieving the efficiency is required in a different direction in spite of the same scale.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2023

With the restriction of foreigners' entry into Korea due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the fishery industry faced significant challenges in supplying migrant workers. In response to this, there is growing interest in methods that could facilitate the stable employment of migrant workers. This paper investigates whether the current system used for the employment of migrant workers in the fishery industry, which is highly dependent on them, adequately performs its function of providing a stable and skilled workforce amid the intensified labor shortage resulting from decreasing numbers of households with employment in the fishery and the aging Korean fishermen. To this end, past studies and government documents pertaining to the current system were analyzed, and a survey targeting the owners of offshore fishing boats that employ migrant workers was conducted. A total of 147 owners of fishing boats responded to the survey, and the data of 499 migrant workers employed by them were used for the analysis. The analysis indicated that the migrant fishermen had difficulty in acquiring minimum scores for the change of visa status according to the criteria for the Skilled Worker Points System. Furthermore, distinct differences were found between the characteristics and working conditions of migrant workers employed through the Employment Permit System (EPS) and the Foreign Seamen System. Based on this result, this paper suggests the reorganization of the skilled migrant worker system in the fishery industry and the expansion of the regional specialized visa pilot project.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.681-691
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• 1994

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has proposed a threshold limit value (TLV) for benzene of 0.1 ppm. Individuals representing the American Petroleum Institute (API)and the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) have argued that 1) the risk assessment by Rinsky .et al. which ACGIH partially relied upon for its proposed TLV overestimates the risk; however, at the exposures levels of interest - (e.g., 0.1 to 1.0 ppm) for establishing a benzene TLV, the Rinsky et al. assessment provides lower estimates of leukemia risk than most others; 2) ACGIH should not use the Dow study for direct observational evidence of leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure because of confounding exposure; however, it is unlikely that confounding exposures played a role in the excess of leukemia demonstrated in the study, and the Dow cohort was exposed to an average benzene concentration of about 5.5 ppm benzene for 7.11 years (31:1.5 ppm-years), while some of the individuals in the study who died from leukemia were exposed to an average of only 1.0 ppm without the opportunity for highpeak exposures; 3) the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) established an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 1.0 ppm in 1987, and there is no new evidence that would justify reducing the TWA below that level; however, the OSHA TWA of 1.0 ppm was based on economic feasibility and the level of excess risk remaining at 1.0 ppm, i.e., 10 excess leukemia deaths per 1000 workers over an occupational lifetime (45 years) according to OSHA's preferred estimate leaves behind I risk considered significant by OSHA. In addition, chromosomal studies among workers and in animals exposed to benzene indicate that low-level exposure, i.e., 1.0 ppm, is associated with elevated Cytogenetic damage. On the basis of adverse health effects data alone, in this author's opinion, it would be poor science and poor public health policy to establish a benzene TLV greater than 0.1 ppm.