• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

Purpose: Patients with pathological stage T1N+ or T2-3N0 gastric cancer may experience disease recurrence following curative gastrectomy. However, the current Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines do not recommend postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for such patients. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors for patients with pT1N+ or pT2-3N0 gastric cancer using a multi-institutional dataset. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from 401 patients with pT1N+ or pT2-3N0 gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy at 9 institutions between 2010 and 2014. Results: Of the 401 patients assessed, 24 (6.0%) experienced postoperative disease recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥70 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-7.23; P=0.030) and lymphatic and/or venous invasion (lymphovascular invasion (LVI): HR, 7.88; 95% CI, 1.66-140.9; P=0.005) were independent prognostic factors for poor recurrence-free survival. There was no significant association between LVI and the site of initial recurrence. Conclusions: LVI is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with pT1N+ or pT2-3N0 gastric cancer.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권2호통권70호
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• pp.93-113
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• 2007

Objective : To research Trends of studies about anti-inflammation and pain relief, obesity, and safety of herbal acupuncture therapy by analyzing domestic theses, published since 2001, about herbal acupuncture therapy. Methods : Domestic theses, published since 2001, mentioning anti-inflammation or pain relief, obesity, or safety of herbal acupuncture therapy were reviewed and analyzed. These theses were then classified by university, year, and subject. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Among published theses related to anti-inflammation effects of herbal-acupuncture, studies about arthritis comprised the most part, 52. In theses relating to causes of arthritis, 16 were about adjuvant, which was the most, followed by Type II collagen, LPS and carrageenan. Blood test, reactions of inflammation and revelation of cytokine and immune cellswere methods for evaluating anti-inflammation effect. The tendency of experimental methods was to focus on molecular biologic method. 2. In theses related to pain relief, many clinical attempts with herbal injection were carried out, and Carthami Flos and Scolopendrawere used most. Observing reduction of pain inducing factor and checking behavioral change were methods for evaluating pain relief. 3. In theses related to obesity, research focused on effects in association with spots on the body suitable for acupuncture. There were also attempts comparing effectiveness between single injections and complex injections. Astraball Radix, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Coicis Semen and Taeumjowetang were used. Evaluation of anti-obesity effects were by weight loss, food efficiency, blood lipid profile and evaluation of liver function. 4. In theses related to safety of herbal-acupuncture, Herba Chelidonii Chaenonelis Fructus, Clematis Florida Thunb, Corydalidis Tuber, Paeoniae Radix, and Carthami Flos which marked 2 theses each were most studied. Methods of evaluating safety were mostly by observing liver and kidney functions based on blood test, and by applying herbal injections to clinical treatment. Conclusion : Herbal acupuncture is being used in various ways associating with its anti-inflammation, pain relief and anti-obesity effect. Studies on efficacy and mechanism of herbal acupuncture are being conducted even at the molecular biology level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5141-5144
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• 2013

Background: This study aimed to determine clinical outcomes of local excision for early rectal cancer from a University Hospital in Thailand. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 22 consecutive patients undergoing local excision for early rectal cancer (clinical and radiological T1/T2) from 2005-2010 at the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok. Data were collected from patients' medical records, including demographic and clinical characteristics, pathological report and surgical outcomes. Results: This study included 10 males and 12 females, with average age of 68 years. Nineteen patients (86%) underwent transanal excision and the others had trans-sacral excision. Median operative time was 45 minutes. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (9%); 1 fecal fistula and 1 wound infection following trans-sacral excision. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. Median hospital stay was 5 days. Pathological reports revealed T1 lesion in 12 cases (55%), T2 lesion in 8 cases (36%) and T3 lesion in 2 cases (9%). Eight patients received additional treatment; one re-do transanal excision, two proctectomies, and five adjuvant chemoradiation. During the median follow-up period of 25 months, local recurrence was detected in 4 patients (18%); two cases of T2 lesions with close or positive margins, and two cases of T3 lesions. Three patients with local recurrence underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection. No local recurrence was found in T1/T2 lesions with free surgical margins. Conclusions: Local excision is a feasible and acceptable alternative to radical resection only in early rectal cancer with free resection margins and favorable histopathology.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

This quasi-experimental study was intended to test the effect of self-help group program, which is one of the way to enhance adaptation and quality of life to mastectomy patients. Data was collected from July 14, 1998 to Oct. 31, 1998 at two Medical Center in Seoul. The subjects for this study were the patients who had undergone mastectomy and were follow-up ; 14 in experimental group and 14 in control group matched with age and treatment. The instruments for this study were adaptation in Lee(1994)'s physical symptom questionnaire, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS, 1965), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS, 1970), quality of life in Spranger(1996)'s and No(1988)'s Quality of Life Questionnaire. The self-help group program for mastectomy patients was developed based on literature review and pilot study by the investigator. The subjects of experimental group were participated in 6 weeks self-help group program and were received arm and shoulder exercise, informational support, and interpersonal support by group members. The control group were received no intervention, Both group answered questionnaires prior to intervention and 6 weeks later. The data analyzed by frequency, $X^2$-test, Mann-Whitney U test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS WIN. The results are as follows ; Hypothesis 1. "The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on adaptation state than control group." was not supported. But the post test score of anxiety and depression in experimental group were declined and the depression score was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 2. "The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on quality of life than control group." was not supported. But the posttest score of quality of life in experimental group was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 3. "The higher adaptation state of mastectomy patients, the higher quality, of life." was supported(r=,80, p<.001). Additionally, the lower physical symptom, depression and anxiety, the higher quality of life And depression, which was the main predictor of quality of life, accounted for 59.5%, depression and anxiety accounted for 65.5% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, when the self-help group program was intervened to mastectomy patients, it was tended to increase quality of life and to reduce depression and anxiety. So self-help group program can be considered useful nursing inter vention effect on adaptation and quality of life of mastectomy patients. With discussion, I suggest repeated further re search on self-help group with appropriate sample size and longitudinal study. Also during adjuvant therapy, it is needed to develop convenient method to be supported from peer group and family, such as computer mediated support group.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2005

The leaves (KPL) of Kalopanax pictus (KP) are used as a vegetable or a functional food in Korean society. The stem bark (Kalopanacis Cortex, KPS) has been traditionally used to treat neurotic pain, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic disease. This research was undertaken to demonstrate that the leaf extract of KP (KPL) has also the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects like the extract (KPS) of Kalopanacis Cortex and to compare the activity levels of several extracts obtained from KP. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects were measured against the extracts described as followings; KPL-1 (the MeOH extract obtained from the leaf shoot of KP collected on May), KPL-2 (the MeOH extract from KP collected on June), KPL-3 (the MeOH ectract from KP with no thorns), KPS-1 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Korean habitat), KPS-2 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Chinese habitat). The antimociceptive test undertaken by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate-, and tail-flick methods using mice. The anti-inflammatory test was also undertaken by measuring the edema in the carrageenan-induced test. The order of activity potency in the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory assays was commonly shown as followings: KPL-3>KPS>1>KPS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. This order was also observed in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test. The antiinflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced assay was also observed as the following order: KPL-3>KPS- 1>PS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. In addition, adjuvant-induced rats were used for a model to assess the oxidative stress. Treatment of the rat with the extracts reduced serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxy radical(OH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity caused by FCA together together with the inhibition of hepatic TBARS level and lipofuscin content. The above finding suggests that the leaf extract has the antinociceptive and antinflammatory activity. It is also suggested that KPL-3 with more potent activity than other tested extracts could be developed for a new available biomaterial.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1987

구강 내 설암은 설의 전방 삼분의 이에서 발생하는 것으로 근치적 요법으로는 수술과 방사선 치료가 그 근간을 이루어 왔으며, 같은 병기에서 두 요법간의 완치율은 거의 동일한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히 조기병소(T1, T2)에서는 이 두 요법간에 비슷한 국소 퇴치율을 보이므로 치료법의 선택에는 그 치료로 인해 발생하는 기능적 손상 및 미용적 결손을 최소화하는데 역점을 두어야 할 것이다. 그러므로 큰 기능적 손상 없이 용이하게 절제할 수 있는 첨단부 및 배부의 작은 병소를 제외하고 대부분의 조기병소는 방사선 요법으로 정상적인 발성 및 연하작용을 유지하며 치료할 수 있다. 그러나 비교적 진행된 병소(late T2, T3) 중 하부 침윤이 심하지 않으면 방사선 치료만으로 완치될 수 있으며 수술은 방사선 치료 후 재발암의 구원요법으로 유보해 두는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 방사선 치료의 방법으로는 외부 조사법 외에 자입요법 등이 있으나 최대의 국소 퇴치를 위해서는 자입요법이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 자입요법으로 치료기간을 단축할 수 있음은 말할 것도 없고 투여되는 선량을 증가시킴으로서 국소 퇴치율의 향상을 기대하고 나아가 생존율을 높일 수 가 있을 것이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2010

Backgrounds and Objects: Carcinoma of the tongue is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. A primary treatment strategy includes surgery and/or radiotherapy. Resection of the tongue often results in speech dysfunction, which depends on the site and extent of resection, type of reconstruction, and the mobility of remaining tongue. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of articulation errors that were resulted from the partial glossectomy without free flap reconstruction. Materials & Method : Articulation evaluations including speech intelligibility and percent of correct consonants (PCC) were performed for 24 patients who underwent partial glossectomy for their T1 or T2 tongue cancer. Mobility of the tongue, size of the resected tongue, and the history of adjuvant radiotherapy were analyzed for their relationship with the results of articulation evaluation. Results: Speech intelligibility score was $6.4{\pm}0.9$ (on 7-point scale) and overall PCC was 96.9%. There were close relationships between the size of resection and limitations in the tongue mobility, especially in "protrusion and elevation (r=-0.687)" and "retroflexion (r=-0.775)". Errors in "alveolar fricatives" and "palatal affricates" were also closely related with the size of resection (r=-0.537 and -0.538, respectively). PCC for "liquid sound" /r/ was 83.2%, which was closely related with the history of radiation therapy. Conclusion : Overall articulatory function was satisfactory in cases of early tongue cancer after partial glossectomy of a limited volume without flap reconstruction. However, the size of resection and the history of radiation therapy were closely related to the limitations in some types of tongue mobility and the resultant articulation errors.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2016

본 연구는 전통약재로 주로 사용되는 구절초에서 분리한 다당류(CZPS)가 선천 및 적응면역에서 중추적인 역할을 수행하는 대식세포의 활성화에 미치는 영향에 관하여 관찰하였다. 구절초에서 분리한 다당류를 마우스 유래 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 cell에 처리하였을 때, iNOS의 발현을 조절하여 NO의 생성이 증가되었으며, 또한 면역활성 물질인 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6 등의 cytokine의 분비능이 증가되었으며, 이러한 면역활성 매개자인 NO 및 cytokine의 증가의 원인에 관한 정확한 면역세포내 신호전달에 관하여 알아본 결과, CZPS 처리는 MAPKs(ERK, p38)의 인산화를 촉진시키며, 이로 인한 전사인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$의 인산화를 증가시켜, 대식세포의 활성화를 유도시키는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2001

Purpose: Even with excellent surgical outcome, recurrence of early gastric cancer (EGC) after a curative resection is not declining because the incidence of EGC is increasing. The aim of this study was to propose an appropriate treatment strategy by assessing the risk factors for recurrence of curatively resected early gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Of 3662 patients who had undergone gastric resections for gastric cancer from 1987 to 1996, the cases of 1050 curatively resected EGC patients were reviewed retrospectively. Among those 1050 patients, 50 patients ($4.8\%$) were diagnosed as having recurrent cancer, which was confirmed by clinico-radiological examination or re-operation. The risk factors that determined the recurrence patterns were investigated by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The mean time to recurrence was 30.9 months, and hematogenous recurrence was the most frequent type ($32.0\%$). Among the 50 recurred patients, peritoneal recurrence showed the shortest mean time to recurrence ($18.5\pm17.7$months). Between the recurred and the non-recurred patients, there was no statistically significant difference with respect to age, sex, operation type, tumor size, tumor location, gross appearance, or histological differentiation. However, depth of invasion (submucosal invasion) and nodal involvement were significantly different (P<0.001) between the two groups. Using logistic regression analyses, nodal involvement was the only significant risk factor for recurrence in early gastric cancer (P<0.001). The median survival after the recurrence had been diagnosed was 4 months. Conclusion: Although the prognosis for EGC patients is excellent and recurrence of EGC after a curative resection is rare, the time to recurrence and the patterns of recurrence in EGC patients were diverse and unpredictable, and the result after recurrence is dismal. Considering the impact of lymph node metastasis on recurrence of EGC, a systematic lymphadenectomy, rather than limited surgery, should be performed if lymph node involvement is confirmed pre- or intraoperatively. Also if the postoperative pathologic findings reveal lymph node involvement, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

${\beta}$-Agarase cleaves the ${\beta}$-1,4 linkages of agar to produce neoagarooligosaccharides (NAO), which are associated with various physiological functions. However, the immunological functions of NAO are still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that ${\beta}$-agarase DagA-produced neoagarohexaose (DP6), an NAO product, promoted the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). DP6 directly and indirectly enhanced the activation of natural killer (NK) cells in a TLR4-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the antitumor activity of DP6 against B16F1 melanoma cells was inhibited in NK cell-depletion systems by using NK-cell depleting antibodies in vivo. Collectively, the results indicated that DP6 augments antitumor immunity against B16F1 melanoma cells via the activation of DC-mediated NK cells in a TLR4-dependent manner. Thus, DP6 is a potential candidate adjuvant that acts as an immune cell modulator for the treatment of melanoma.