• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

For the domestic digital contents, it is particularly important that the planning and mediating functions should cover the whole Industries so that dividends and assistance to reach all the way back to the primary contents-creating level, where economic risks are especially high. A proactive cooperation system or framework between the government, the businesses and research institutions, which would allow for free flow of interaction among these players, can play that role. We can broadly define cooperation frameworks into two; one between the central and the local governments and another among private-sector groups, such as companies, associations and groups. These players in the framework have differing, sometimes, conflicting views regarding the digital contents industry whether the digital contents should aim for skilled applicability or the abstract or whether the emphasis should rest on public interest or profitability. Immature competition and lack of trust among these players also give rise to such inefficiencies as overlap in investments, inexpertness and inefficient use of resources. We have proposed and realized the National Integrated Cooperation System to bridge these gaps among the major players in the industry. The National Integrated Cooperation System rests on the following major functions. The first major function of the NICS is to decipher any ambiguity that may be embedded in external Inputs by stratified role and bias. The second function is to create cooperative groups that will deal with the ambiguities based on its consequent situation. The third is a feedback function that will draw out a new cooperative way by re-feeding the capacities and the conflicts that stem from the existing organizations and strategies into cooperation and adjustment process. Our NICS has compared and evaluated with England and Australia digital content industry models under AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. NICS has turned out to be well designed and have strong points based on OECD innovation and cooperation criteria.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

With environmental problems and pollutions accumulated by continuous towns or cities developments events, it is becoming necessary to develop in consideration of environmental effects. This consensus leads to prepare a plan system and instrument for ecological city development, which can be a series of planning indicators. To develope a series of process for environmental friendly development, this study has three main goals as follows; development of policies and programs for environmental friendly development, suggestion of environmental friendly urban design models and standards, development of planning indicators and design guidelines Korean land use plan is operated by both zoning system and detailed plan system. But the available kinds of zoning type are too limited to apply to various and vernacular places. In addition to, the detailed plan is understood to be another regulation which constricts the freedom of building right. In this study, Plan System of Environmentally Friendly Space was studied for domestic affairs In German, Plan System of Environmentally Friendly Space is the field have been progressed before. so In this study, example of German was researched intensively, and Plan System of Environmentally Friendly Space was developed, applicable for the real state in domestic. This study was focused on methodology of landscape planning and planning for afforestation. Landscape planning is performed on condition detail investigation of existent state of nature and local characteristic, and Investigation of Planning for afforestation is more detailed than that of Landscape planning. In the basis of methodology of landscape planning and planning for afforestation, Plan for Environmentally Friendly Urban Habitation Model was developed. Plan for Environmentally Friendly Urban Habitation Model was applicable for state of land use planning. Site was selected Chuk-chun in city yang-in, taking the circumstances into consideration. So landscape planning correspond to land use planning was made out. Adjustment of Land use planning and Landscape planning was very important. Undergoing this process, Plan for Environmentally Friendly Urban Habitation Model was performed.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-146
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• 2018

Extreme wind speed analysis has been carried out conventionally by assuming the extreme series data is stationary. However, time-varying trends of the extreme wind speed series could be detected at many surface meteorological stations in China. Two main reasons, exposure change and climate change, were provided to explain the temporal trends of daily maximum wind speed and annual maximum wind speed series data, recorded at Hangzhou (China) meteorological station. After making a correction on wind speed series for time varying exposure, it is necessary to perform non-stationary statistical modeling on the corrected extreme wind speed data series in addition to the classical extreme value analysis. The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution with time-dependent location and scale parameters was selected as a non-stationary model to describe the corrected extreme wind speed series. The obtained non-stationary extreme value models were then used to estimate the non-stationary extreme wind speed quantiles with various mean recurrence intervals (MRIs) considering changing climate, and compared to the corresponding stationary ones with various MRIs for the Hangzhou area in China. The results indicate that the non-stationary property or dependence of extreme wind speed data should be carefully evaluated and reflected in the determination of design wind speeds.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2004

Objectives : This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the relationship between the bone mineral density at the os calcis and the body mass composition in healthy children. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the os calcis with peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The fat free mass, fat mass and percentage fat mass were measured using bioelectric impedance, in 237 Korean children, aged 9 to 12 years. The sexual maturity was determined by self assessment, using standardized series of the 5 Tanner stage drawings, accompanied by explanatory text. Results : From multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, sexual maturity and height, the fat free mass was found to be the best predictor of the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. About 15 and 20% variabilities were found in the calcaneal bone mineral densities of the boys and girls, respectively, which can be explained by the fat free mass. After weight adjustment, the percentage fat mass was negatively associated with the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. Conclusions : The findings of this study suggest that the fat free mass, among the body compositions, is the major determinant of bone mineral density at the os calcis in Korean children aged 9 to 12 years. Obesity, defined as the percentage fat mass, is assumed to have a negative effect on the calcaneal bone density in children of the same weight.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-291
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• 2013

Monitoring the global Gross Primary Pproduction (GPP) is relevant to understanding the global carbon cycle and evaluating the effects of interannual climate variation on food and fiber production. GPP, the flux of carbon into ecosystems via photosynthetic assimilation, is an important variable in the global carbon cycle and a key process in land surface-atmosphere interactions. The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the primary global monitoring sensors. MODIS GPP has some of the problems that have been proven in several studies. Therefore this study was to solve the regional mismatch that occurs when using the MODIS GPP global product over Korea. To solve this problem, we estimated each of the GPP component variables separately to improve the GPP estimates. We compared our GPP estimates with validation GPP data to assess their accuracy. For all sites, the correlation was close with high significance ($R^2=0.8164$, $RMSE=0.6126g{\cdot}C{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, $bias=-0.0271g{\cdot}C{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$). We also compared our results to those of other models. The component variables tended to be either over- or under-estimated when compared to those in other studies over the Korean peninsula, although the estimated GPP was better. The results of this study will likely improve carbon cycle modeling by capturing finer patterns with an integrated method of remote sensing.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.2202-2211
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• 2010

The wind power prediction system is composed of a meteorological forecasting module, calculation module of wind power output and HMI(Human Machine Interface) visualization system. The final information from this system is a short-term (6hr ahead) and mid-term (48hr ahead) wind power prediction value. The meteorological forecasting module for wind speed and direction forecasting is a combination of physical and statistical model. In this system, the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model, which is a three-dimensional numerical weather model, is used as the physical model and the GFS(Global Forecasting System) models is used for initial condition forecasting. The 100m resolution terrain data is used to improve the accuracy of this system. In addition, optimization of the physical model carried out using historic weather data in Jeju. The mid-term prediction value from the physical model is used in the statistical method for a short-term prediction. The final power prediction is calculated using an optimal adjustment between the currently observed data and data predicted from the power curve model. The final wind power prediction value is provided to customs using a HMI visualization system. The aim of this study is to further improve the accuracy of this prediction system and develop a practical system for power system operation and the energy market in the Smart-Grid.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Until recently, photogrammetric applications for processing the satellite images and remotely sensed data have been used in different structure of functions and interfaces for sensor modeling by each developer. Thus, a standardized utilization procedure was necessary to solve the problems, such as expandability, cost, inefficiency of sources which were resulted from different approaches. Therefore, National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) provided unified interfaces by developing Community Sensor Model (CSM) to sensor models in same way. In this study, we suggested the method of design and analyzed main functions needed modeling for the frame sensor using CSM Application Program Interface (API) provided by NGA. We also applied the designed structure to the modeling. The implemented CSM was verified by groundToImage and imageToGround. In the future, the active R&D is expected with using CSM due to the cost saving effect of software development and remarkable expandability of sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.83-125
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• 2007

Increasing energy costs have caused profitability problems for paper suppliers. Therefore unprofitable lines are being closed down. The actions aiming for improved profits are focused either on cost savings or on increasing the capacity of the remaining machines. The runnability of a paper machine and its total efficiency have a significant effect on energy consumption. Producing one ton of waste paper consumes at least as much energy as producing the same amount of sellable end product. New automation solutions enable significant cost-effective improvements to the total efficiency of a line without large investment projects. The measures focus on minimizing changes, interruptions, interruption recovery times and grade change times. Newest actuators, online quality measurements and wet end analysators create an improvement potential, which can be optimally implemented with the latest machine direction control solutions, based on model predictive control concepts. Equally, drying management is significant to the energy consumption. The newest control strategies optimize the use of various drying actuators for different situations; either by responding to changes as efficiently as possible or by using only the cheapest energy sources in stable situations. An even steam supply, which is vital for paper machines, is achieved with control for the power plant steam network. This makes possible to avoid the delays upon starting the paper machine and assure an even steam supply for the drying section and the actuators. This document describes means which have brought significant energy and raw material savings for paper machines. Metso Automation has provided efficiency improvement packages, which are usually based on optimized control of dry weight and drying in all running conditions. The solutions are based on performance analysis, on which the estimations for improvement potential and the necessary actions are based on. Typically benefits on an annual level have been from hundreds of thousands of euros to over one million euro. For example, variations in dry weight have been decreased more than 50%. The results are presented with a few examples. Additionally, the analysis models, adjustment solutions and the changes in running methods with which the results were achieved, are presented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2917-2922
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• 2014

Background: The p53-binding protein 1 (TP53BP1) gene may be involved in the development of cancer through disrupting DNA repair. However, investigation of associations between TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C polymorphism and cancer have yielded contradictory and inconclusive outcomes. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Materials and Methods: Published literature from PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, Google (scholar), CBMDisc, Chongqing VIP database, and CNKI database were retrieved. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random-effects models. Publication bias was estimated using funnel plots, Begg's and Egger's test. Results: A total of seven studies (3,018 cases and 5,548 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that the genotype distribution of TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C was not associated with cancer risk overall. However, on subgroup analysis, we found that TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C was associated with cancer risk within an allele model (A vs C, OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.29) and a codominant model (AA vs CC, OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.06-1.74) in Asians rather than in Caucasians. Subgroup analysis by cancer type, genotype, and with or without adjustment for controls showed no significant association. Conclusions: The findings suggested an association between rs2602141 A/C polymorphism in TP53BP1 gene and increased risk of cancer in Asians.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2009

PES (Programmable Electronic System) is used by software development for the train control system. PES has been widely used in real world and consists of hardware, firmware and application software. The PES are easily apply to many applications because its implementation has high flexibility. Many safety critical functions are realized through software in safety critical system. Normally, it is difficult to detect failures for PES system because the PES is too sophisticated to identify sources of the failure. So, the reliability analysis is needed by using software fault tolerance techniques. Currently, there are the recovery block, distributed recovery block, N-version programming, N self-checking programming in fault tolerance techniques. In this paper, the models of recovery block and N-version programming in software fault tolerance techniques are suggested by using the Markov model. Also, the reliability in the train control system is analyzed through changing time. The fault occupancy rates of the program, adjustment test and voter are stationary. So, the relation between time and reliability is presented by using Matlab program. In the result of reliability, the reliability of recovery block is more high than N-version programming in case of the same number of substitution block.