• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Shucked oysters were soaked in an equal weight of salt water and stored at $3^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Changes in the free amino acid content of the whole body and in the adductor muscle were evaluated by a practical distribution method. With the exception of aspartic acid and tyrosine, no significant changes in free amino acids or ammonia were observed in whole-body shucked oysters during the storage period. In contrast, the majority of free amino acids in the adductor muscle decreased significantly. Most of these free amino acids were detected in considerable amounts in the surrounding salt water after 7 days of storage. Both the weight of the whole body and the salinity of the surrounding salt water decreased significantly during the storage period. These results suggest that free amino acids were eluted from the cutting surface of the adductor muscle and indicate that the free amino acid content per shucked oyster and in the adductor muscle, decreases during cold storage.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.261-264
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• 2001

Seasonal variation in fatty acid profiles was examined in the visceral mass and the posterior adductor muscle of the female pen shell, Atrina pectinata. Total percentages of saturated fatty acids were similar between the two organs, and there was not a prominent seasonal change in both tissues. While the percentages of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in the visceral mass were higher than those in the posterior adductor muscle, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were high in the posterior adductor muscle. HUFA contents, especially in $20: 5\omega3$, $22: 5\omega3$ and $22: 6\omega3$, markedly decreased in September in the visceral mass, and this decrease was associated with a corresponding total MUFAs in the same organ. A similar pattern of change in September was noted in the posterior adductor muscle MUFAs and HUFAs. These results indicate that $20:\omega3$ and $22:\omega3$ HUFA changes in the visceral mass and posterior adductor muscle reflect the reproductive stages in pen shell.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine the changes of muscle activitis of erector spine muscles and Gluteus maximus during the bridge exercise with adductor muscles. Method: After attaching the EMG device to the Gluteus maximus and erector spine muscles of the 100 healthy adult males in their 20s, applying the stabilizer pressure biofeedback device between the knees, the bridge movement was carried out 10 seconds. Result: During the exercise of the bridge movement, the muscular activities in erector spine and gluteus maximus were significantly different in ralation to the simultaneous contractive adductor muscles of the bridge(p<.05). Conclusion: Thus, the bridge exercise is carried out in conjunction with the simultaneous contraction of adductor muscles that suggests that the training are more effective in erector spine and gluteus maximus activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2011

Obturator nerve block has been commonly used for pain management to prevent involuntary reflex of the adductor thigh muscles. One of several options for this block is chemical neurolysis. Neurolysis is done with chemical agents. Chemical agents used in the neurolysis of the obturator nerve have been alcohol, phenol, and botulinum toxin. In the current case, a patient with spasticity of the adductor thigh muscle due to cervical cord injury had obturator nerve neurolysis done with botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B). Most of the previous studies have used BoNT-A with only a few reports that have used BoNT-B. BoNT-B has several advantages and disadvantages over BoNT-A. Thus, we report herein a patient who successfully received obturator nerve neurolysis using BoNT-B to treat adductor thigh muscle spasm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.146-148
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• 2006

Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder characterized by involuntary voice breaks during speech. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is most common and characterized by strained and strangled voice breaks. The current standard of treatment of therapy for adductor spasmodic dysphonia is chemodenervation of thyroarytenoid muscle with botulinum toxin(Botox). However, Botox is a temporary treatment with each injection lasting approximately 3 months on average and require repeated injections. In this study, we report our experience with surgical treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. In this procedure, the thyroarytenoid branch and lateral cricoarytenoid branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve is selectively denervated unilaterally, and its distal nerve stump of thyroarytenoid branch is reinnervated with branch of the usa cervicalis nerve. And lateral cricoarytenoid muscle partial myotomy was done unilaterally. After 6 months of treatment, voice fluency had improved and no period of breathiness or dysphagia was noted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.464-469
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate a knowledge on food components of muscle and adductor muscle of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) as pearl processing byproducts. The concentrations of mercury and chromium as heavy metal were not detected in both pearl oyster muscle and adductor muscle, and those of cadmium and lead were 0.06 ppm and 0.11 ppm in only pearl oyster muscle, respectively. Thus, the heavy metal levels of pearl processing byproducts were below the reported safety limits. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content and pH of pearl oyster muscle were 11.6 mg/100g and 6.31 and those of abductor muscle were 8.6 mg/100 g and 6.33, respectively. It was concluded that pearl oyster muscle and adductor muscle might not invoke health risk in using food resource. The contents of crude protein (16.5%) and total amino acid (15,691 mg/100 g) of adductor muscle were higher than those of muscle (11.2% and 10,131 mg/100 g) and oyster (12.1% and 11,213 mg/100 g) as a control. The contents of calcium and phosphorus were 95.4 mg/100 g and 116.0 mg/100 g in muscle, 75.2 mg/100g and 148.1 mg/100 g in adductor muscle, respectively. The calcium level based on phosphorus was a good ratio for absorbing calcium. The free amino acid contents and taste values were 635.5 mg/100 g and 40.2 in muscle, and 734.9 mg/100 g and 24.1 in adductor muscle, respectively, but that (882.8 mg/100 g and 40.2) of oyster was higher than those of pearl processing byproducts. Based on the results of physicochemical and nutritional properties, pearl oyster muscle and adductor muscle can be utilized as a food resource.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.477-485
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• 2010

Purpose : The clinical scale to assess spasticity of muscle was wildly used the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). But reliability of the MAS has been controverted for ambiguity among the grades. The purpose of this study was to establish the inter-rater reliability of the modified MAS (MMAS) translated into Korean in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-five patients (sixteen men and nine women) with hemiplegia (ten right and fifteen left) were measured by two raters who were physical therapist in the rehabilitation hospital. The raters assessed spasticity of shoulder adductor, elbow flexor, wrist flexor, hip adductor, knee extensor, and ankle plantar flexor in the same patients according to ratings criteria of the MAS and the MMAS. Results : For the inter-rater reliability of the MAS, two raters agreed on 57.3% and the Kappa values were moderate ($\kappa$=0.41) between two rater. The inter-rater reliability of the MAS was fair for the wrist flexor and the hip adductor and moderate for the other muscles. The intra-rater reliability was good for the shoulder adductor and the knee extensor and moderate for the other muscles. For the inter-rater reliability of the MMAS, two raters agreed on 84.7% and the Kappa values were good ($\kappa$=0.78) between two rater. The inter-rater reliability of the MMAS was moderate for the hip adductor, and good for the shoulder adductor and the wrist flexor, and very good for the other muscles. The intra-rater reliability was good for the wrist flexor and the hip adductor and very good for the other muscles. Conclusion : This study suggests that the MMAS translated into Korean is reliable test scale for the spasticity with stroke patients in the clinical field.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2005

Rupture of the adductor longus muscle of the thigh is a rare muscular injury. It is produced by several causes, such as trauma. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging need to differential diagnosis to other disease. Successful results by conservative management, surgical repair is indicated in the fresh rupture. 18-year-old, 17-year-old, and 20-year-old male patient were diagnosed as having a adductor longus rupture by means of physical examination, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. One patient was treated by physical treatment, the other patients were treated by surgical excision. We report three cases of adductor longus rupture with a brief review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2003

Reproductive cycle with the gonadal development of Ruditapes philippinarum can be classified into five successive stages by histological observations: early active stage (January to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (May to October), and spent/inactive stage (August to February). Changes in total protein contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in the early and late active stages (February) and appeared the minimum in the ripe and partially spawned stages (May), while changes in their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in the ripe and partially spawned stages (June) and gradually decreased in the partially spawned stage (June to October). On the whole, changes in total protein contents showed a negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = -0.292, p < 0.05). Changes in total lipid contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in the inactive and early active stages (January) and sharply decreased in the early and late active stages (February), while their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in the ripe and partially spawned stages (April) and gradually decreased in the partially spawned stage (to October). On the whole, changes in total lipid contents showed a negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = -0.699, p<0.05). Changes in glycogen contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in the late active and ripe stages (April) and rapidly decreased in the partially spawned stage (May to October), while their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in the early and late active stages (February) and rapidly decreased in the late active stage (March). Thereafter, their levels gradually increased in the ripe and partially spawned stages (April to July). On the whole, changes in glycogen contents appeared no correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = 0.062, p > 0.05). These results indicate that the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues are an important energy storage and nutrient supply organ in the Manila clams, and the nutrient contents of the adductor muscle and visceral muscle tissues change in response to gonadal energy needs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.239-244
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between upper limb muscle power and bat swing speed in elementary school baseball players. This study subjects were 32 subjects. Upper extremity muscle strength was measured in the Both Shoulder joints extensor flexor abductor adductor, Both elbow joints extensor flexor and bat swing speed. The correlation between upper extremity muscle strength and bat swing speed was analyzed using pearson's correlation analysis. There was a significant correlation between dominant upper extremity muscle strength and bat swing speed in the order of shoulder adductor, shoulder abductor, elbow flexor, and shoulder flexor and in correlation between non-dominant upper extremity muscle strength and bat swing speed in the order of shoulder adductor, elbow flexor, shoulder abductor, shoulder extensor, elbow extensor, and shoulder flexor. From these results, it can be seen that the stronger the upper extremity muscle strength, the bat swing speed is the more positive correlation.