• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권3A호
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• pp.297-309
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• 2007

우리는 이동 애드 혹 네트워크에서 인터넷 프로토콜을 위한 세 가지의 주소 자동 설정 기법을 소개한다. RADA (Random ADdress Allocation)는 무작위로 IP 주소를 선택하는 방법이고, LiA (Linear Address Allocation)는 최대 IP 주소를 사용하여 순서대로 새로운 주소를 할당하는 방법이다. LiACR (Linear Address Allocation with Collision Resolution)이라고 칭하는 LiA의 확장된 방법은 제어 메시지의 오버헤드를 줄이는 방법을 사용하였다. 짧은 시간동안 다수의 노드들이 네트워크에 들어오게 되면 RADA는 LiA나 LiACR 보다 훨씬 빠르게 주소를 할당할 수 있다. 하지만 RADA는 주소 공간을 비효율적으로 사용하게 된다. 즉, RADA 는 특히 전장이나 위급 상황에서 긴급한 주소 설정이 필요할 경우 유용하다. 반면에 LiA나 LiACR은 네트워크 크기가 크고, 닫힌 형태이며, 관리 제어의 형태로 종속되는 이를테면, 무선 서비스 제공자에 의해 조정되는 애드 혹 네트워크에 더 적합하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2014

This study examined the knowledge and understanding of integrative medicine in Korea, specifically conflicts between western and oriental medicine within Parallel (Dual) health care systems. Qualitative methodology using grounded theory guided semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Western Medical Doctors (W.M.D., n = 6), Oriental Medical Doctors (O.M.D., n = 5) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners (T.C.M.P., n = 4). Thematic analysis was used to determine broad themes from the interviews. 15 professionals (W.M.D. (40%), O.M.D. (33%), T.C.M.P. (27%), 10 males (67%) and 5 females (33%), mean age 45) were interviewed, recorded, and transcribed. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: systematic conflicts, integration and future directions. Subthemes of systematic conflicts included: credibility of Oriental Medicine, commercial imperatives, maintaining social standing of O.M.D., professional qualifications and lack structures supporting collaborative practice. Integration subthemes included lack of academic linkage and clarity for appropriate triage, opposing medical paradigms and limited social imperative. Future directions should include: social justification, guarantee of oriental medicine legitimacy, role of government and understanding of scientific evidence. To successfully integrate dual medical systems there is a need to address differences in social-environmental factors and perceptions of scientific understanding, as well as developing strong academic links in clinical practice.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

Background: Conservation of resources theory assumes loss of resources as a cause of job strain. In hospital work, conflicts with supervisors are tested to predict lower resources, that is, supervisory social support, participation possibilities, and appreciation. All three resources are expected to predict, in turn, experienced stress (job strain) and lower job satisfaction, lower affective commitment, and a higher resigned attitude towards the job (job attitudes). Methods: The sample included 1,073 employees from 14 Swiss hospitals (n = 604 nurses, n = 81 physicians, n = 135 medical therapists, and n = 253 technical and administrative staff). Of the total sample, 83.1% were female and 38.9% worked full-time. The median tenure was between 7 years and 10 years. Constructs were assessed by online questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed the negative association of conflict with supervisors and job resources. Tests of indirect paths to resources as a link between conflicts with supervisors and job attitudes were significant. For nurses, social support, participation and appreciation showed a significant indirect path, while among medical technicians the indirect paths included social support and appreciation, and among physicians only appreciation showed a significant indirect path. In medical therapists no indirect path was significant. Job resources did not mediate the link between conflict with supervisors and stress in any occupational group. Conclusion: Conflicts with supervisors are likely to reduce job resources and in turn to lower job attitudes. Work design in hospitals should, therefore, address interpersonal working conditions and conflict management in leadership development.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1988

본 논문에서는 pended 프로토콜에 기반을 둔 단일 시스팀 버스와 공유 메모리를 중심으로 구성된 다중프로세서 컴퓨터시스팀의 성능을 해석하였다. 캐쉬 메모리 적중률, 시스팀 내의 프로세서 수, 메모리 모듈의 수와 입력 큐의 유무를 변수로 하여 시스팀 버스와 프로세서의 이용률, 메모리 충돌 현상의 정도, 즉 제안된 시스팀 구조에 대한 하드웨어 측면에서의 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통해 예측 분석하였다. 공유 메모리를 갖는 다중프로세서의 주요한 시스팀 성능 요소는 캐쉬 메모리의 적중률과 효과적인 공유 메모리 갱신 알고리즘, 시스팀 버스의 효율적인 다중프로세서 지원 기능 등이며 캐쉬 메모리 적중률이 프로세서 수의 증가에 따른 시스팀 성능의 선형적인 증가와 밀접한 관계를 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2004

Parents' marital conflicts are often linked to various emotional and behavioural difficulties of their children but rarely known about later adolescent and adult lives. This study was undertaken to examine if serious parental conflict such as divorce and/or separation in childhood was associated with emotional and social performance during later adolescent and adult lives. The research literature on divorce was briefly reviewed. The data was derived from the National Child Development Study (NCDSS 1974/age 16 - 1991/age 33) which followed the lives of 17,500 individuals born on March 3-9, 1958 in England, Scotland and Wales. Regression analyses indicate strong evidence that the experience of parental divorce or separation in childhood negatively affects the child's emotional and social performance in their subsequent life. The higher likelihood of having emotional problems, being less competent at their job, experiencing health/disability problems, being a lone-parent, unemployed, and homeless were strongly associated with parental divorce or separation experienced in childhood. Intervention is desirable to address the concerns influencing socio-psychological performance amongst children who have experienced parental divorce or separation.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권12호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 반얀망 ATM 스위치를 위한 비충돌 패턴 발생기를 제안하고, 그 성능을 시뮬레이션에 의해 평가한다. 제안하는 비충돌 패턴 발생기는 우선 입력 셀 들을 입력, 출력 주소쌍을 이용하여, 두 개의 그룹, 즉, 충돌 유발 셀 그룹과 비충돌 셀 그룹 으로 분리한다. 분류된 충돌 유발 셀 들은 충돌 테이블을 이용하여 새로운 비충돌 입력 주소를 재할당 받는다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 NBPG가 최소한의 변환만으로 비충돌 주소 패턴을 발생함을 보여준다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.162-182
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• 2024

세계유산협약이 채택된 이후 지난 50여 년간 어두운 역사와 관련된 장소들이 세계유산으로 등재되어 왔다. 그러나 2018년 이러한 유산들의 세계유산 등재가 불러올 수 있는 추가적인 불편함이나 갈등을 방지하고자 해당 유산들의 세계유산 등재신청서 검토를 일시적으로 중단했다. 이후 전문가들은 이러한 유산의 세계유산 등재에 대해 우려를 표명했지만, 협약가입국들의 요구가 늘어나면서 갈등기억유산지침원칙이 채택되었고, 이를 통해 갈등기억유산의 세계유산 등재가 가능해졌다. 갈등기억유산지침원칙은 유산의 성격과 등재기준, 세계유산등재 신청서에 포함해야 하는 항목, 유산 가치에 대한 서로 다른 해석이 존재하는 경우 이의를 제기할 수 있는 메커니즘 등을 제시하여, 갈등기억유산 등재로 인한 또 다른 갈등을 최소화하고자 한다. 이 지침원칙은 갈등기억유산이 세계유산협약의 목적을 달성하는 데 기여할 수 있음을 확인하고, 유산 해석에 대한 전략을 처음으로 서술한 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 이의제기 메커니즘을 운영하기 위해 운영지침을 개정하여 보다 투명하고 공개적인 유산 등재 절차를 마련한 것도 주목할 만한 성과이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 갈등기억 유산지침원칙에도 한계는 존재한다. 세계유산협약에서 정한 10가지 등재기준 중 갈등 혹은 어두운 역사, 기억과 관련된 기준인 등재기준 (vi)을 사용해야 한다는 전제조건이 있다. 이는 등재 신청국의 의도에 따라 등재기준 (vi)을 사용하지 않는다면 지침원칙의 활용을 기대할 수 없다는 의미이기도 하다. 이외에도 갈등기억유산 등재신청서에 해석 전략을 수립하도록 규정하고 있으나 구체적인 지침이나 안내가 없어 등재신청국의 혼란이 우려되는 상황이기도 하다. 갈등기억유산은 과거의 어두운 역사가 물리적 장소와 연결되어 보호하고 기억해야 하는 곳으로 인식되지만, 점차 화해와 치유의 장소로 그 역할을 확장해왔다. 갈등기억유산의 세계유산 등재는 화해와 치유의 장소이자, 갈등에서 비롯한 사회 구조가 현대 사회에 미치는 영향에 대해 논의할 수 있는 매개가 될 수 있다. 갈등기억유산지침원칙의 채택을 시작으로 세계유산이 된 갈등기억유산은 화해와 치유를 넘어 현재와 미래의 문제를 해결해 나가는 계기가 되길 기대한다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to employ a method called 'conflict impact assessment' to analyze the progress, background, cause and relevant issues of conflicts related with affordable housing for youth (Happiness Housing Project), a project that has been implemented since last May 2013, thereby identifying the relevant problems and draw out objectives for improvement. The researchers expect that this study will contribute to solving the current issues regarding Happiness Housing, and contribute to improving the quality of the government's policies. For the above purpose, literatures on Happiness Housing produced from August to November 2013 were reviewed, in-depth telephone or face-to-face interviews were conducted with personnel associated with project implementation in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation and LH, etc., and major interested parties including Yangcheon-gu residents. Key issues identified regarding Happiness Housing construction include: the way that the project was implemented, living quality of residents, impact on educational environment, inconsistence with existing plans, relatively high construction cost, insolvency of public corporations, land use fee issue with Korail, need of preliminary feasibility survey, securing sufficient amount for supply and issue of additional designation, likelihood of finishing construction in time and issues related with actual source of demand, etc. Through analysis of conflict development and positions of interested parties, the main causes of the conflicts were identified as follows: lack of deliberation on pledges during election, lack of viability review on pledges, lack of conflict management plans, one-way implementation without consent of interested parties, project plans established with no regard to local circumstances, frequent project revision, underwehlming level of conflict management. In order to address issues above, the following measures need to be taken: selecting election pledges based on actual effectiveness, thorough assessment on pledges by relevant departments, gradual implementation based on consideration of the actual circumstances, participation of key interested parties, consistent policy and adopting conflict management techniques that reflect the reality.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strategies for job stress. Methods: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. Results: emotional labor was $9.5{\pm}2.34$ on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea's workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects' Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. Conclusion: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver's seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers' emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2013

In a parallel processing system, Multi-stage Interconnection Networks (MINs) play a vital role in making the network reliable and cost effective. The MIN is an important piece of architecture for a multiprocessor system, and it has a good impact in the field of communication. Optical Multi-stage Interconnection Networks (OMINs) are the advanced version of MINs. The main problem with OMINs is crosstalk. This paper, presents the (1) Destination Based Modified Omega Network (DBMON) and the (2) Destination Based Scheduling Algorithm (DBSA). DBSA does the scheduling for a source and their corresponding destination address for messages transmission and these scheduled addresses are passed through DBMON. Furthermore, the performance of DBMON is compared with the Crosstalk-Free Modified Omega Network (CFMON). CFMON also minimizes the crosstalk in a minimum number of passes. Results show that DBMON is better than CFMON in terms of the average number of passes and execution time. DBSA can transmit all the messages in only two passes from any source to any destination, through DBMON and without crosstalk. This network is the modified form of the original omega network. Crosstalk minimization is the main objective of the proposed algorithm and proposed network.