• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 1975

Kinetic studies on the halide exchange reactions of substituted benzoyl chlorides have been carried out. The experimental result has been explained reasonably in terms of HSAB principle and EH-Theory, and addition elimination mechanism has been proposed for this type of reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.366-368
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• 1989

The 3-formyl-2-cephem 4, available from 7-aminocephalosporanic acid has been converted to C-3 vinylic cephems. The reactions involved are the Grignard addition to 4, the conversion of the resulting alcohols to mesylates, and the elimination of the mesyl group by LiCl. When ethylmagnesium iodide is used, only 3-[(E)-1-propenyl] cephem is obtained, which is not easily available by conventional Wittig reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.3941-3946
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• 2011

The specific rates of sovolysis of 1-piperidincarbonyl chloride (1) have been determined in 26 pure and binary solvents at $25.0^{\circ}C$. Comparison of the specific rates of solvolyses of 1 with those for p-methoxybenzoyl chloride and those for 4-morpholinecarbonyl chloride in terms of linear free energy relationships (LFER) are helpful in mechanistic considerations, as is also treatment in terms of the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation. It is proposed that the solvolyses of 1 in binary aqueous solvent mixtures proceed through an ionization [I] pathway rather than through an $S_N1/S_N2$ and/or ionization/(ionization-elimination) = [I/(I-E)] pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.36T no.3
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• pp.32-40
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• 1999

In this paper, we present a fast block matching motion estimation algorithm based on successive elimination algorithm (SEA). Based on the characteristic of center-biased motion vector distribution in the search area, the proposed method improves the performance of the SEA with a reduced the number of the search positions in the search area, In addition, to reduce the computational load, this method is combined with both the reduced bits mean absolute difference (RBMAD) matching criterion which can be reduced the computation complexity of pixel comparison in the block matching and pixel decimation technique which reduce the number of pixels used in block matching. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides better performance than existing fast algorithms and similar to full-search block motion estimation algorithm.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.575-587
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• 2015

The development in data collection techniques results in high dimensional data sets, where discrimination is an important and commonly encountered problem that are crucial to resolve when high dimensional data is heterogeneous (non-common variance covariance structure for classes). An example of this is to classify microbial habitat preferences based on codon/bi-codon usage. Habitat preference is important to study for evolutionary genetic relationships and may help industry produce specific enzymes. Most classification procedures assume homogeneity (common variance covariance structure for all classes), which is not guaranteed in most high dimensional data sets. We have introduced regularized elimination in partial least square coupled with QDA (rePLS-QDA) for the parsimonious variable selection and classification of high dimensional heterogeneous data sets based on recently introduced regularized elimination for variable selection in partial least square (rePLS) and heterogeneous classification procedure quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). A comparison of proposed and existing methods is conducted over the simulated data set; in addition, the proposed procedure is implemented to classify microbial habitat preferences by their codon/bi-codon usage. Five bacterial habitats (Aquatic, Host Associated, Multiple, Specialized and Terrestrial) are modeled. The classification accuracy of each habitat is satisfactory and ranges from 89.1% to 100% on test data. Interesting codon/bi-codons usage, their mutual interactions influential for respective habitat preference are identified. The proposed method also produced results that concurred with known biological characteristics that will help researchers better understand divergence of species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.814-827
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• 2012

This study analyzed the presentation trend of a checklist method for trench coat designs. Through this analysis, this study examined the flow of trench coat designs and presents future design directions. Research was conducted in the following method. A total of 1,307 female trench coat photos were selected from the photos presented in the top 4 collections from 2006 to 2011. These photos were used for analysis and frequency analysis was conducted. Among the checklist methods presented in trench coats, the modification type was most common, followed by the elimination type, conversion type, combination type, minimization type, addition type, and magnification type, respectively. Checklist methods were continuously presented even while increasing and decreasing according to the year and season. This showed that it was highly possible for checklist methods to be continuously applied in future trench coat designs. Generally, a high frequency of appearance was shown in 2010 and during the F/W season. According to the development direction of future trench coat designs applied with the checklist method, it is predicted that the modification type and the elimination type (which have generally displayed high appearance frequency) will be continuously magnified in the future. In particular, it is expected modifications in structural details (which have showed an upward trend in 2011) will be further magnified.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.279-285
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• 2003

Lidocaine and galactose loading tests were performed on a bioartificial liver (BAL), an extracorporeal medical device incorporating living hepatocytes in a cartridge without a transport barrier across the membranes. The concentration changes were analyzed using pharmacokinetic equations to evaluate the efficacy and limitation of the proposed method. Lidocaine and galactose were found to be suitable drugs for a quantitative evaluation of the BAL functions, as they did not interact with the plasma proteins or blood vessels, making their concentrations easy to determine. The drug concentration changes after drug loading were easily analyzed using pharmacokinetic equations, and the BAL functions quantitatively expressed by pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the clearance (CL) and galactose elimination capacity (GEC). In addition, these two drugs have already been used in clinical tests to evaluate human liver functions over long periods, and lidocaine CL values and GEC values reported for a normal human liver. Thus, a comparison of the CL and GEC values for the BAL and a natural liver revealed what proportion of normal liver functions could be replaced by the BAL.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1384-1390
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• 2001

This paper deals with the forward kinematics of the 6-6 Stewart platform of planar base and moving platform using one extra linear sensor. Based on algebraic elimination method, it first derives an 8th-degree univariate equation and then finds tentative solution sets out of which the actual solution is to be selected. In order to provide more exact solution despite the error between measured sensor value and the theoretic alone, a correction method is also used in this paper. The overall procedure requires so little computation time that it can be efficiently used for real-time applications. In addition, unlike the iterative scheme e.g. Newton-Raphson, the algorithm does not require initial estimates of solution and is free of the problems that it does not converge to actual solution within limited time. The presented method has been implemented in C language and a numerical example is given to confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed algorithm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1276-1280
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• 2003

Thermal behavior of bromphenols was investigated by direct pyrolysis at high temperature. The thermal degradation products formed by the pyrolysis of mono-bromophenols (o-, m-, and p-) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis reactions, several kinds of dioxins and furans were produced, and the relative ratio of pyro-products was dependent on the substituted position of bromine in phenolic structure due to the effect of symmetry and steric hindrance. The formation of dioxins can be explained by the phenoxy radical addition and Br atom elimination at an ortho-carbon site on phenolic structure. On the other hand, the formation of furans can be explained by the ortho-ortho carbon coupling of phenoxy radicals at unsubstituted sites to form o, o'-dihydroxydiphenyl intermediate via its keto-tautomer, followed by $H_2O$ elimination. The pyrolysis temperature has also a substantial effect on the dimerized products quantities but little effect on the type of pyro-products. Moreover, the formation mechanism of pyro-products was suggested on the basis of products identified.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.2487-2490
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• 2008