• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.715-727
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to investigate the job satisfaction, customer satisfaction and revisiting intention to beauty shops, and to examine the difference of the job satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and revisiting intention between franchised and non-franchised beauty shops. Data were obtained via questionnaire, which developed by results of pretest and previous studies, from workers and consumers of beauty shops in Busan. They were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test and regression. The results were as follows; First, the job satisfaction of beauty shops workers was composed of Adaptation, Operation and Instruction. For both of franchised and non-franchised beauty shops, the operation of beauty shops greaty influenced the job satisfaction of workers, and job satisfaction is not significantly different. Second, consumer satisfaction related to services of beauty shops is composed of three factors: Policy, Personal service, and Physical environment. Regardless of shop types, the policy of shop influenced the consumer satisfaction. Consumers' revisiting intentions to beauty shops are influenced by consumer satisfaction. Third, consumers in franchised beauty shops is less likely to be satisfied and to have the intentions to revisit than those of non-franchised beauty shops. Resulted provide some insights to develop strategies for franchised and non-franchised beauty shops. Limitations and future research directions have been discussed.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a method of cooperative control (T-cell modeling) and selection of group behavior strategy (B-cell modeling) based on immune system in distributed autonomous robotic system (DARS). An immune system is the living bodys self-protection and self-maintenance system. these features can be applied to decision making of the optimal swarm behavior in a dynamically changing environment. For applying immune system to DARS, a robot is regarded as a B-cell, each environmental condition as an antigen, a behavior strategy as an antibody, and control parameter as a T-cell, respectively. When the environmental condition (antigen) changes, a robot selects an appropriate behavior strategy (antibody). And its behavior strategy is stimulated and suppressed by other robots using communication (immune network). Finally, much stimulated strategy is adopted as a swarm behavior strategy. This control scheme is based on clonal selection and immune network hypothesis, and it is used for decision making of the optimal swarm strategy. Adaptation ability of the robot is enhanced by adding T-cell model as a control parameter in dynamic environments.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the coping process that family caregivers experience during the process of care, to grasp coping behaviors used to solve problems and, finally, to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping process. Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing data used in this study followed the ground theory of Strauss and Corbin(1998). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended and descriptive questions about the subjects' coping experiences, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The survey was conducted between February 2000 and February 2001. The subjects of this study were 17 women. Result: The result of the study is as follows. The coping process of family caregivers while taking care of the demented elderly was found to have six stages: problem recognition: undertaking care: struggling: mental control: burden mediation; and acceptance. These stages proceed with reciprocal action and in cycle. Conclusion: The result of this study is helpful for developing effective and individual nursing strategies suitable for each coping stage. It is necessary to develop an assessment tool that can judge caregivers' coping stage based on the result of this study. Moreover, we need continuous study to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the change about nursing effect and family members' adaptation.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

There is no doubt that electronic commerce facilitates international trade and lower transaction cost and help firms make the best of the opportunities of market access. The comprehensive programs had been implemented to provide better electronic commerce environments by international organizations such as OECD, UNCITRAL, APEC and etc. Especially, WTO plays the most important role to implement efficient forms and rules on electronic commerce after Seattle 3rd Ministerial Conference. Member countries recognize the need to conduct the electronic commerce in compliance with the principles and rules of WTO. However, there are many issues to be solved such as the clarifications of concepts and definitions, the possibility of adaptation of technological neutrality In GATS, the Imposition of taxation in electronic commerce transactions and the methods of protecting copyright as well as trademark. The Implementation of concrete forms and rules of electronic commerce in the WTO will be influential to international trade as the member countries have to adapt them In their transactions. Considering that further discussion will be continued in GATS, we need to analyze the problems and strategies for electronic commerce.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2020

A novel psychrotolerant Psychrobacillus strain PB01, isolated from an Antarctic iceberg, was comparatively analyzed with five related strains. The complete genome of strain PB01 consists of a single circular chromosome (4.3 Mb) and a plasmid (19 Kb). As potential low-temperature adaptation strategies, strain PB01 has four genes encoding cold-shock proteins, two genes encoding DEAD-box RNA helicases, and eight genes encoding transporters for glycine betaine, which can serve as a cryoprotectant, on the genome. The pan-genome structure of the six Psychrobacillus strains suggests that strain PB01 might have evolved to adapt to extreme environments by changing its genome content to gain higher capacity for DNA repair, translation, and membrane transport. Notably, strain PB01 possesses a complete TCA cycle consisting of eight enzymes as well as three additional Helicobacter pylori-type enzymes: ferredoxin-dependent 2-oxoglutarate synthase, succinyl-CoA/acetoacetyl-CoA transferase, and malate/quinone oxidoreductase. The co-existence of the genes for TCA cycle enzymes has also been identified in the other five Psychrobacillus strains.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.315-327
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• 2016

Damage detection and localisation in structures is essential since it can be a means for preventive maintenance of those structures under service conditions. The use of structural modal data for detecting the damage is one of the most efficient methods. This paper presents comparative performance of various state-of-the-art meta-heuristics for use in structural damage detection based on changes in modal data. The metaheuristics include differential evolution (DE), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), real-code ant colony optimisation (ACOR), charged system search (ChSS), league championship algorithm (LCA), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), evolution strategies (ES), teaching-learning-based optimisation (TLBO), adaptive differential evolution (JADE), evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation (CMAES), success-history based adaptive differential evolution (SHADE) and SHADE with linear population size reduction (L-SHADE). Three truss structures are used to pose several test problems for structural damage detection. The meta-heuristics are then used to solve the test problems treated as optimisation problems. Comparative performance is carried out where the statistically best algorithms are identified.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relationships among daily hassles, social support, entrapment and mental health status in relation to gender in university students. Methods: Data were collected via a self- administered questionnaire from 118 male and 98 female college students in Kangwon province. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: There were significant differences in daily hassles, entrapment and depression between male and female group. Also, there were significant relationship between entrapment and mental health status (i.e. depression, anxiety, hostility, somatization) in both groups. In male students, internal entrapment was the significant predictor of depression and anxiety, and external entrapment was the significant predictor of hostility and somatization whereas, in female students external entrapment was the significant predictor of depression, and internal entrapment was the significant predictor of anxiety, hostility and somatization. Conclusion: These results suggest that entrapment is an important factor for psychological maladaptation due to stressful life events. Therefore, strategies that reduce perception of entrapment according to gender should be developed for psychological adaptation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this research is to identify the planning techniques of Smart Green City with Ubiquitous method and carbon-neutral city planning techniques and to induce the main planning techniques through the analysis of relative importance and practical adaptation. Method: First of all, eighteen planning techniques were derived and categorized into three organization systems and six sectors through literature review and FGI analysis considering the applicability of Ubiquitous service for carbon-neutral city planning techniques. Secondly, based on expert surveys and AHP analysis, the importance of Smart Green City planning techniques was evaluated. Thirdly, using case study, six cases related to Smart Green City were analyzed for the current status of application of planning techniques. Lastly, considering the importance of planning techniques and practical aspects, the characteristics of Smart Green City and its implication were estimated. Result: Energy, Resource and Waste and Transportation sector were identified as important sectors for Smart Green City. In addition, 'Construction of Smart Grid', 'System for Utilization of New & Renewable Energy', 'Smart Resource Circulation Management System', 'Establishment of Public Transportation Information System basis', 'Construction of Pedestrian / Bicycle oriented Road Environment' are essential planning techniques to create Smart Green City.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.591-597
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a method of cooperative control (T-cell modeling) and selection of group behavior strategy (B-cell modeling) based on immune system in distributed autonomous robotic system (DARS). Immune system is living body's self-protection and self-maintenance system. These features can be applied to decision making of optimal swarm behavior in dynamically changing environment. For applying immune system to DARS, a robot is regarded as a B-cell, each environmental condition as an antigen, a behavior strategy as an antibody and control parameter as a T-cell respectively. The executing process of proposed method is as follows. When the environmental condition changes, a robot selects an appropriate behavior strategy. And its behavior strategy is stimulated and suppressed by other robot using communication. Finally much stimulated strategy is adopted as a swarm behavior strategy. This control school is based on clonal selection and idiotopic network hypothesis. And it is used for decision making of optimal swarm strategy. By T-cell modeling, adaptation ability of robot is enhanced in dynamic environments.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

Mankyua chejuense is a native endangered plant distributed only in Gotzawal, a forested wetland, in Jeju Province, Korea. In order to determine the optimal environmental conditions for the growth and development of M. chejuense, we investigated the above- and below-ground growth responses and survival rate to various soil texture (sand and clay), water regimes (flooding and non-flooding), and $CO_2+T$ (ambient and elevated) conditions. All of the treatments had significant effects on aboveground growth parameters, while only the water regime and $CO_2+T$ treatments influenced belowground growth. The survival rate of M. chejuense was about twice higher under the sand, non-flooding and elevated $CO_2+T$ conditions than clay, flooding and ambient $CO_2+T$ conditions. These results indicate that M. chejuense grows in well-drained sandy soil conditions and elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature situations. Thus, there is a need to maintain M. chejuense under constant non-flooding soil conditions by implementing appropriate soil drainage strategies.