• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was undertaken to determine if a combined(SPe) has a protective effect against functional failure induced by $CCl_4$ in rat liver. Methods : Acute liver injury which initiated from free radical induced by $CCl_4$, were applied to rats and data were obtained. Liver injury was estimated by measuring aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity in serum. Lipid peroxidation was examined by measuring malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. GSH activities in liver tissues were also measured. Results : When rats were treated intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$, serum AST and ALT were increased compared with the control, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of SPe. SPe also prevented reduction in GSH induced by $CCl_4$. Conclusion : Above results suggest that SPe exerts protective effect against $CCl_4$ by its antioxidant action in liver tissues. Thus, SPe may be used in prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver cell injury. However, the precise mechanisms of SPe protection remain to be determined.

• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2018

Severe acute alcoholic liver disease (SAAH) unresponsive to medical therapy shows one-year-mortality rates of up to 90%. Most transplant centers request six months of alcohol abstinence prior to transplantation, the so-called "6-month rule." This regulation is not based on strong evidence, repeatedly making it a topic of controversial debates. The majority of patients with SAAH will die before fulfilling the 6-month rule. Therefore, liver transplantation (LT) protocols are becoming more flexible towards the rigid abstinence regulation, especially concerning SAAH patients. We conducted a literature review regarding LT in SAAH and its outcomes, including post-transplant mortality and recidivism. We studied available data on PubMed from 2011 and onwards whilst including articles dealing with genetic components, medical therapy and historic snapshots of alcoholism. Emerging studies recommend LT in SAAH not responding to medical therapies even without realizing the required abstinence period, since the majority of these patients would die within 6 months. SAAH without response to medical therapy has one-year-mortality rates of up to 90%. The 6-month rule is not based on strong evidence and is repeatedly a topic of controversial debates. There is genetic linkage to alcoholism and medical therapy is not as effective as estimated, yet. The 6-months-regulation has not shown to evidently decrease the risk of recidivism post-LT, which is a lifesaving treatment in SAAH patients. Insisting on rigid sobriety rules results in excluding patients with a low risk of recidivism from being transplanted. Moreover, the genetic linkage of alcoholism must be recognized.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.606-617
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• 2019

Background: The Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) is well known to have an antidiabetic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the protective effect of ultrasonication-processed P. ginseng berry extract (UGBE) compared with GBE on liver fibrosis induced by mild bile duct ligation (MBDL) model in rats. After ultrasonication process, the composition ratio of ginsenoside in GBE was changed. The component ratio of ginsenosides Rh1, Rh4, Rg2, Rg3, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 in the extract was elevated. Methods: In this study, the protective effect of the newly developed UGBE was evaluated on hepatotoxicity and neuronal damage in MBDL model. Silymarin (150 mg/kg) was used for positive control. UGBE (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg), GBE (250 mg/kg), and silymarin (150 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks after MBDL surgery. Results: The MBDL surgery induced severe hepatotoxicity that leads to liver inflammation in rats. Also, the serum ammonia level was increased by MBDL surgery. However, the liver dysfunction of MBDL surgery-operated rats was attenuated by UGBE treatment via myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Conclusion: UGBE has a protective effect on liver fibrosis induced by MBDL in rats through inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway in liver.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.188-192
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• 2017

호흡기세포융합바이러스는 소아 하기도 감염의 주된 원인으로 대부분의 양호한 경과를 보이지만, 일부에서는 호흡부전과 같은 심한 경과를 보이기도 한다. 이러한 심한 호흡기세포융합바이러스 감염에는 드물지 않게 폐외증상이 동반될 수 있다. 저자들은 기계 환기를 필요로 하는 하기도 감염과 함께 급성 심근염, 전격성 간 기능부전을 보인 심한 호흡기세포융합바이러스 감염을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2023

Purpose: The gastrointestinal system is the most commonly affected organ, followed by the lungs, in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID). Hence, it is common for children with PIDs to present with gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathological findings of patients who were initially admitted to pediatric gastroenterology/hepatology clinics and subsequently diagnosed with PIDs to identify the clinical clues for PIDs. Methods: The demographic, laboratory, and histopathological findings, treatment modality, and outcomes of patients initially admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology/hepatology unit and subsequently diagnosed with PIDs were recorded. Results: The study included 24 patients (58.3% male; median age [range]: 29 [0.5-204] months). Common clinical presentations included chronic diarrhea (n=8), colitis (n=6), acute hepatitis (n=4), and acute liver failure (n=2). The association of autoimmune diseases, development of malignant diseases, and severe progression of viral diseases was observed in 20.8%, 8.3%, and 16.6% of the patients, respectively. Antibody deficiency was predominantly diagnosed in 29.2% of patients, combined immunodeficiency in 20.8%, immune dysregulation in 12.5%, defects in intrinsic and innate immunity in 4.2%, autoinflammatory disorders in 8.3%, and congenital defects of phagocytes in 4.2%. Five patients remained unclassified (20.8%). Conclusion: Patients with PIDs may initially experience gastrointestinal or liver problems. It is recommended that the association of autoimmune or malignant diseases or severe progression of viral diseases provide pediatric gastroenterologists some suspicion of PIDs. After screening using basic laboratory tests, genetic analysis is mandatory for a definitive diagnosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.414-421
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• 1982

200 patients admitted to the Chest Surgery Department of Jeonbug National University Hospital from January, 1974 to December, 1981 were analyzed clinically. The ratio of male to female was 7: 1, which showed male predominance. Distribution of patients according to age disclosed that over half [62%] of the patients was social age between 20 and 49 years. The most common cause of chest trauma was traffic accident [39%], and the next were stab wound, fall down [17.5%], and hit [8.5%] in decreasing order. Common lesions due to chest trauma were as follows; rib fracture [51%], hemopneumothorax, hemothorax, and pneumothorax in decreasing number. The most common cause of rib fracture was traffic accident [50%] and the associated organ injuries were long bone fracture, head injury, spine and pelvic bone fracture, spleen rupture, and liver laceration. Hemothorax, pneumothorax, and hemopneumothorax were treated with insertion of thoracic catheter in 90 cases, pure thoracentesis in 11 cases, and emergency thoracotomy in 11 cases. In flail chest, 6 patients were treated by intramedullary insertion of Kirschner`s wire and the results were good. The incidence of complication was 17%, including atelectasis [11 cases], pyothorax, fibrothorax, pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure. Four patients were died [2%], and the causes were acute respiratory failure in 2 cases, spinal cord injury in one case and head injury in one case.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2005

Glyphosate containing herbicides are an alternative to paraquat and have been widely used with increasing frequency in suicide attempts throughout Asia. It is an organophosphorus compound that is not a cholinesterase inhibitor. Daejangun powder consists of glyphosate ammonium, surfactant and another herbicide, oxyfluorfen. A 60-year-old man ingested about 300 g of Daejangun powder with 500 ml of water in a suicide attempt. He was brought to emergency room 6 hours after the ingestion and showed severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.75), marked leukocytosis (WBC 35,800/$mm^3$), hypoglycemia (glucose 13 mg/dL) and increased liver enzymes (AST/ALT 1,683/418 IU/L). Later he developed aspiration pneumonia, acute renal failure and hyperchloremic acidosis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which performed 5 days after the ingestion revealed corrosive injuries (grade 1) in both esophagus and stomach. However, intensive treatment with supportive measures improved the abnormal findings almost completely 4 weeks after the ingestion.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 1988

37세의 여자 환자가 halothane 마취로 개심술후 14일에 고열, 황달등이 발생하여 급성 간염으로 진단을 받아 치료하던 중 19일째 사망한 예로 급성간염의 원인이 수혈에 의한 virus성 간염과 halothane에 의한 간염, 기타 약제나 수술의 특수조작에 의한 간염 인가를 대조 검토하였으나 정확한 원인을 규명할 수는 없었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.233-237
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• 1982

Pathological studies on 6 milk goats administrated with urea were carried out to determine the effects of acute and chronic poisonings on the animal. Clinical signs appeared about 10 minutes after ingestion of the urea and they consisted chiefly in dullness, staggering, uncontrolled urination, dyspnea, frothy salivation, bloating, muscular tremor, humping of back and tetanic spasms. Macroscopic lesions were failure of blood clot, frothy and bloody contents in the highly congested respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, rumenitis and abomatitis accompanying with petechiation of the upper small intestine. Microscopically, the liver showed vacuolar degeneration, fatty change and areas of necrosis and partial proliferation of the interlobular connective tissues in chronic crises. The renal epithelium displaced vacuolar degeneration, necrosis and hyaline casts in their lumens. In the lungs, there were hyperemia, edema, hemorrhages, and acute catarrhal bronchitis. Neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the central nervous system, catarrhal rumenitis, abomatitis, doudenitis and myocardial hemorrhage were also demonstrated.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.73-75
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• 2007

Heat stroke can lead multi-organ damage with hemorrhage and necrosis in the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, brain and Ut. Heat stroke occurs when the elevation of core body temperatures induce a failure of thermoregulatory mechanism. A four-year-old male African Lion(Panthera leo) showed clinical signs such as panting, tachycardia, hyperthermia, unconsciousness and mydriasis under He hish humidity and hot weather. Clinical treatment and pouring cool water was unsuccessful. Grossly, congestion of lungs and pleura was observed. Yellowish discoloration was observed in the renal cortex. Microscopically, the coagulative necrosis in kidney and congestion of lungs and spleen were observed. In our knowledge, this case was closely associated with acute heat stroke.