• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.800-803
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• 1997

The acute toxicity of palatinose and palatinose syrup was assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Palatinose and palatinose syrup, when administered orally at the doses of 27 g/kg, did not cause any death. Although the decrease in weight gain was observed in males treated with palatinose syrup, it did not have any toxicological importance. There were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. From these results, it was concluded that palatinose and palatinose syrup did not induce any remarkable toxicological symptoms and the $LD_{50}$ is >27 g/kg by oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.275-279
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• 1993

Single oral administration to SD rats of both sexes were performed to investigate the acute toxicity of two new cough and cold remedies, WHS-1 and WHS-2. WHS-1 is composed of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, cloperastine hydrochloride, dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride, caffein anhydrous, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin and serratiopeptidase. WHS-2 is composed of similar formula except that thiamine hydrochloride and riboflavin is not added. The results were as follows. $LD_{50}$ values of WHS-1 were 4295.5 mg/kg for males and 4606.3 mg/kg for females, and $LD_{50}$ values of WHS-2 were 3236.7 mg/kg for males and 4360.5 mg/kg for females. Death occurred within 2~3 hours after administration at doses up to 2900 mg/kg in WHS-1 and 2500 mg/kg in WHS-2, the main cause of deaths seemed to be respiratory disturbance. General symptoms included decreased motor activity, salivation and loss of consciousness which were commonly observed in all dead animals treated with WHS-1 and WHS-2. No significant gross finding and body weight changes were observed at any dose level in the groups treated with WHS-1 and WHS-2.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1439-1443
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of Taeumjowi-tang in rats. SPF Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were administered orally with Taeumjowi-tang extract of 2,500 mg/kg(low dosage group), and 5,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 14 days. No dead animal and no significant changes of body weights were found during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry, and other findings. In conclusion, Taeumjowi-tang extract did not show any toxic effects, and oral LD50 value was over 5,000 mg/kg in SD rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.762-765
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• 2008

Ephedrae herba(Ma-huang) has been used to treat respiratory conditions for over 5,000 years. The early 1990s, the herbal ephedra and other products containing ephedrine began to be promoted as weight loss aids in United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of hebal ephedra in rats. SPF Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were administered orally with herbal ephedra extract of 2,500 mg/kg(low dosage group), and 5,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 14 days. No dead animal and no significant changes of body weights were found during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry, and other findings. In conclusion, herbal ephedra extract did not show any toxic effects and oral LD50 value was over 5,000 mg/kg in SD rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1999

The current study was performed to determine the acute oral toxicity of P55A, a crude extract of 1 : 1 mixture of Phellodendron amurense cortex and Aralia elata cortex, in SD rats and beagle dogs. 5 rats of each sex were treated with a single dose of P55A orally at doses of 0 and 5,000 mg/kg respectively. Also 2 dogs of each sex were treated with a single dose of P55A orally at doses of 0 and 2,000 mgAg, respectively. After the treatment, clinical signs, and body weight change were observed for 14 days. All rats survived during the study and did not show any clinical sign. Body weight gain showed no significant difference between the control and treated rats. Grossly, no lesion was observed in the rats. All dogs survived during the study. In clinical signs, dark stool was observed in the 2,000 mg/kg treated dogs at day 1 after administration. The animals recovered from general signs at day 2 after administration. Body weight gain showed no significant difference between the control and treated dogs. Grossly, no lesion was observed in the dogs. It is suggested that the LD$_{50}$ of P55A by oral administration was estimated to be over 5,000 mg/kg in both sexes of rats and 2,000 mg/kg in both sexes of beagle dogs.s.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.1 s.128
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• pp.5-12
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of Daewhang-whangryunhaedok-Tang(DWT) on liver injured rats induced by $CCl_4$ and the acute oral toxicity of it in mice. The activities of serum transaminase(ALT/AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG), change of liver enlargement, and inhibitory activities of lipid peroxidation, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase(GST) in liver microsome were determined in hepatotoxic rats induced by $CCl_4$ DWT DWT was significantly reduced the serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TC and TG levels. And, the increase of lipid peroxidation, decrease of catalase and GST activities in the liver microsome of $CCl_4$-intoxicated rat were significantly improved by the treatment of DWT. Male and female mice were administered maximum dosages of 5,000 mg/kg b.w. of DWT. After single oral administration of DWT to mice, we observed them daily for 2 weeks. DWT did not induce any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, and gross necropsy findings of mice. Based on these results, it is concluded that DWT may have the hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Also, DWT may have no side effect and its $LD_{50}$ value may be over 5,000 mg/kg b.w. in mice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Objectives : Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) Heim is one of the famous wild edible mushrooms in the southern part of China. It is known that Termitomyces albuminosus, like Aconitum koreanum used in Korean traditional medicine, contains a kind of cerebroside, termitomycesphin, causing a pharmacologic effect on the neuron system. The pharmacologic effect of Termitomyces albuminosus can be used to possibly replace Aconitum koreanum. However, It needs to be certified as safe before it can be used. Here, a single-oral toxicity test and safety classification was conducted to obtain acute information of the toxicity of dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder and to secure its safety in clinical applications. Methods : In order to calculate approximate lethal dose(ALD), test substance was orally administered to male and female SD-rat at dose levels of 5,000 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weight). Based on the result of this toxicity, also the estimation of safety classification was calculated using the HED-based (human equivalent dose) MOS (margin of safety). Results : There were no mortalities, test substances treatment-related clinical signs, no changes in the body or organ weights, and no gross or histopathological findings at 14 days after treatment with test substance. Thus, the approximate lethal dose of dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder was considered over 5,000 mg/kg in both female and male mice. Conclusions : Based on the limit dose, 5000 mg/kg, it was estimated that dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder is classified as "Specified class B" indicating that clinical dose is not limited to patients as safe as food.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of fermented Scutellariae Radix (JKTMHGu-100) in rats and dogs. JKTM-HGu-100 was orally administered at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. An escalating single-dose oral toxicity test in beagle dogs was performed at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg with 4-day intervals. Clinical signs, changes in body weight, mortality, and necropsy findings were examined for 2 weeks following oral administration. No toxicological changes related to the test substance nor mortality was observed after administration of a single oral dose of JKTM-HGu-100 in rats or dogs. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (LD) for oral administration of JKTMHGu-100 in rats was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerance doses (MTDs) in rats and dogs were also estimated to be over 2,000 mg/kg. These results indicate that JKTM-HGu-100 shows no toxicity in rodents or non-rodents at doses of 2,000 mg/kg or less.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.521-540
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• 1995

To elucidate the effects of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang, after oral administration of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang water extract in mice and rats, acute toxicity, analgesic, sedative, esoogenic actions, action on isolated uterine muscle were measured. The rlesults obtained were as follows: 1. The yield of water extract of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang was 24.5%, 32.2%, minimum lethal dose was 4,000mg/kg, which rarely had the acute toxicity in mice and rats. 2. The analgesic effects of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang by acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice were not remarkaely observed. 3. The relaxant action of Chokyungsan on on oxytocin induced contracted uterine muscle in estrogenized rats were not remarkably observed, but Chunkeunchokyungtang were remarked. 4. The sedative effects of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang by hexobabital sodium induced sleeping time in mice. 5. administration of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang caused remarkable increase in weight of rat's uterus.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.269-280
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• 1994

To elucidate the effects of Onkyungtang. after oral administration of Onkyungtang water extract in mice and rats, acute toxicity. analgesic. sedative, estrogenic actions. action on isolated uterine muscle were measured. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The yield of water extract of Onkyungtang was 24.5%, minimum lethal dose was 4,000mg/kg, which rarely had the acute toxicity in mice and rats. 2. The analgesic effects of Onkyungtang by acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice were not remarkably observed. 3. The relaxant action of Onkyungtang on oxytocin induced contracted uterine muscle in estrogenized rats were not remarkably observed. 4. The sedative effects of Onkyungtang by hexobarbital sodium induced sleeping time in mice were remarked. 5. Administration of Onkyungtang caused remarkable increase in weight of rat's uterus.