• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to construct a model of the possible thermal runaway of electronic moxibustion and to implement an appropriate risk management method. Methods : To reproduce the system error situation of the electronic moxibustion circuit equipped with microcontroller unit, temperature sensor and heater, a code was set to disable the signal input to temperature sensor and maintain "high" heating signal to heater. The temperature change of electronic moxibustion was compared between 3 types of heater module; module 1 consisting of a combination of heater+0 ohm+0 ohm resistance, module 2 consisting of a combination of heater+Polymeric Positive Temperature Coefficient (PPTC)+0 ohm resistance, and module 3 consisting of a combination of heater+PPTC+10 ohm resistance. The temperature change was measured using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone phantom. After maintaining surface temperature of the phantom at 31~32℃ for 20 seconds, electronic moxibustion was applied. After operating electronic moxibustion, the temperature change was measured for 660 seconds on the surface and 900 seconds at 2 mm depth. Results : Regardless of the module type, the time-dependent change in temperature showed a rapid rise followed by a gentle curve, and a sharp drop in temperature after reaching the maximum temperature about 10 minutes after the switching the moxibustion on. Temperature measured at the depth of 2 mm below the surface increased slower and to a lesser extent. Module 1 reached highest peak temperature with largest change of temperature at both depths followed by module 2, and 3. Conclusions : Through the combination of PPTC+resistance with the heater of electronic moxibustion, it is possible to limit the rise in temperature even with the software error. Thus, this setting can be used as an independent safety measure for the electronic moxibustion control unit.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.404-409
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• 1998

To elucidate the effect of the acupoints of the limbo for canine electroacupunhur anesthesial total 140 heads of dogs were used. The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups(Gong-sun, San-yin-jiao and Qiang-feng and contro1 group(non-acupoint). The induction time, clinical findings and the results of operation using laparatomy were investigated under the electroacupunture anesthesia and compared with those of control. The induction time of electroacupunture anesthesia was very rapids about 1 minute in experimental groups, while it is unable to succeed in anesthesia of control group. As far clinical Bindings during electroacupunture anesthesia, the experimental animals had vivid consciousness and stability without tumult and barking. The success rate of operation was high with decreasing order of Gong-sun group(50/50, 100%) > San-yin·jiao group(26/30, 86.7%) 1 Qiag-feng group(18/ 30, 60%) in experimental groups. Considering above findings collectively, the combination of Gong-sun and San-yang-luo is thought to be best method among the acupoints of the limbs for canine electroacupunture anesthesia.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2020

Objectives : In each section of Huangdineijing, we reviewed how the actual clinical application of Five-Transport-points was reflected and looked at the pattern of the application at the time. Methods : The contents related to Five-Transport-points in Huangdineijing were collected from each part, and analyzed. Results : There was a great difference in the number and contents of the clinical application of each Five-Transport-point for each 12 meridian, and only 28.3% of all Five-Transport-points had been related to clinical treatment. In addition, in specific applications, spring point, stream point, and sea point were used more often than well point, and Five-Transport-points between the same meridian or different meridians were used in combination as needed. Conclusions : Five-Transport-points described in Huangdineijing are intended to be operated within the overall framework structurally or functionally with a certain principle, but as a result of comprehensive analysis of specific examples of clinical application, there was a difference in the application between Five-Transport-points. This indicates that at the time of the establishment of Huangdineijing, which was the early stage of the development of Traditional East Asian Medicine, a variety of miscellaneous acupuncture methodologies were used in addition to those based on five elements principle.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2001

A rapid increasing in cultivation area due to favorable price temporarily and decreasing in consumer's demands caused by economic depressions recently, lead the price of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley to decline sharply. Thus, it may give rises to weakening of cultivation bases in Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley. To investigate optimal mechanical peeling conditions of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, protruded rubber, plastic pad, diamond shape's steel and palstic brush were introduced as blades and artificial stone, sand and small pebble were done as abrasives. The main results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. It took 2 minutes per 1kg in mechanical peeling of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley's raw root whereas 36 minutes in manual peeling and values of lightness showed more higher in manual peeling than in mechanical peeling. 2. Yield in combination of diamond shape's steel blade and sand abrasive showed the lowest at 89.9% among treatments and peeling rates in combination of diamond shape's steel blade and small pebble showed the highest at 71.3% in mechanical peeling. 3. Lightness, one of the most important factors in determining quality of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, showed the highest in combination of diamond shape's steel blade and small pebble brasive at 61.90 in mechanical peeling. 4. As the speed of rotation gets faster, yields tend to lower in mechanical peeling. Peeling rates and lightness showed the highest at 66.8%, 57.96 respectively among treatments at 30 r.p.m. in mechanical peeling.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.582-595
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• 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of acupuncture at GV20 and EX-HN1 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and to compare the effects to acupuncture at GV20. Methods: The study was a randomized, crossover trial that included 10 healthy men aged 20 to 29 years who underwent acupuncture treatment four times with a washout period of one week. The CBF velocity and CVR were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) on both MCAs at the first and second visits, and both ACAs at the third and fourth visits. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (A and B) before the first and third visits. Group A received two phases of acupuncture intervention at a single GV20 point and a combination of GV20 and EX-HN1 acupoints. Group B received the same interventions, but in the reverse order. Results: The increase in CO₂ reactivity was significantly higher for the combination acupoints of GV20 and EX-HN1 than for the GV20 single acupoint in both MCAs (Right: 136 to 178, p=0.017; Left: 127 to 191, p=0.017) and ACAs (Right: 133 to 158, p=0.013; Left: 122 to 168, p=0.025). No significant change was noted in the corrected velocity at PETCO₂ 40 mmHg, blood pressure, or heart rate. Conclusions: The findings suggest that improvement of the CBF in the MCA and ACA after GV20 acupuncture increases when acupuncture is also performed at EX-HN1. These results clinically support the combined use of EX-HN1 and GV20 to treat disorders of MCA and ACA circulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

Objective : To study correlation of the brain areas with acupoints used in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases to evaluate the hypothesis that selecting acupoints on the left side to treat disorders on the right side and vice versa is known as the crossing combination of acupoints. Materials and Methods: Rest/acupuncture-stimulation Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT using a same-dose subtraction method was performed on 5 normal male volunteers (age range from 27 to 30 years) using acupuncture at acupoint, LI4 located in the left hand. In the control study, needle location was chosen on a non-meridian focus 1cm posterior to the right fibular head. All images were spatially normalized and the differences between rest and acupuncture stimulation were statistically analyzed using SPM(R) for Windows(R). Results : Acupuncture applied at LI4 located in the left hand increased rCBF in the right hemisphere, that is, the right parietal lobe(angular gyrus) and a part of the right middle posterior temporal gyrus and the right inferior occipital lobe. In the control stimulation, no significant rCBF increase was observed. Conclusion : The results demonstrated a correlation between stimulation at acupoint with increase in rCBF to the controlateral hemisphere.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.93-105
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate currently available clinical evidence for the use of acupuncture in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis in the context of Republic of Korea. Methods : Five Korean databases were searched for all clinical studies employing acupuncture for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. The exceptions were case reports and series involving less than 10 patients from their inception to September 2011. Only studies reported in Korean databases were searched. Results : Five retrospective audits among 22 initially identified studies were eligible for analysis in this review. There was no randomized controlled trial for this topic. The number of patients varied between 15 and 119 in each audit, and all the patients analyzed were inpatients. In all the included studies, acupuncture was conducted in combination with other concomitant treatments, including moxibustion, cupping, herbal remedies, acupoint injection, Chuna, and various physical therapies. All the included audits reported symptomatic and/or functional improvements compared to baseline. None of the included audits indicated whether any adverse events were reported. Conclusions : Current evidence for the use of acupuncture in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis in the context of South Korea is based solely on five retrospective audits that are very likely prone to a high risk of bias. Thus, further prospective and methodologically sound clinical trials to overcome this huge gap between clinical practice and the available evidence for the use of acupuncture in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-104
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• 2011

Objectives : A safety issue on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy is as important as effectiveness. To establish a rationale and research strategy for future studies, a traditional literature review was performed to summarize how and for what conditions acupuncture and moxibustion treatment was given during pregnancy. Methods : An extensive traditional literature search for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy was conducted in texts on acupuncture and moxibustion, obstetrics and gynecology, and comprehensive medical texts. Treatment conditions, methods, and contraindications were summarized and tabulated. Results : Twenty-eight books were included in our review. Most frequent description of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment use during pregnancy was for difficult delivery including breech presentations; commonly used acupuncture points for difficult labor included LI4, SP6, BL67, BL60, KI6, ST30, SP12, LR4, LR3, PC6, CV3, CV14, KI13, and GB21, indicating that they may have to be avoided during pregnancy. Descriptions of other symptoms or conditions were sparse. For habitual abortion or recurrent miscarriage, moxibustion on GV4, BL23, CV3, KI8, and KI2 was indicated. A combination of LI4 and SP6, and CV4 were contraindicated during pregnancy consistently across the reviewed books. Conclusions : Our traditional literature review has shown that the use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy has been limited. Given that more and more pregnant women are interested in safe and effective treatment, further research of acupuncture's safety and efficacy during pregnancy is urgently needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2006

Objectives : To examine the effects of the collaborative Oriental and Western medicine, we treated a gouty arthritis patient with acute inflammation and liver injury with a combination of Oriental and Western treatments. Methods : Acupuncture, Bangphungtongsung-San(Fangfengtongsheng-san)', 'Kangwhaljetong-Um(Qianghuochutong-yin)', and 'Sosiho-Tang(Xiaochaihu-tang) were offered to an acute gouty arthritis patient with NSAIDs, Corticosteroids and allopurinol. Laboratory data were observed for the duration of hospital days. Results : In spite of Oriental treatments, NSAIDs administration caused liver injury, but continuous Oriental treatments with small amount of Corticosteroids and allopurinol brought recovery of liver function and gouty arthritis. Confusion : Collaborative treatments of Oriental and Western medicine are better than independent Western treatment for gouty arthritis with acute inflammation and liver injury. Further studies will be required to ascertain the collaborative treatment with Oriental and Western medicine for gouty arthritis and other diseases.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.159-171
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aimed to understand the characteristics of the cases covered in the case studies on traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and furthermore, to provide basic information that can lead the discussion on 'what cases are worth reporting' in future case reports. Methods : Case reports on TKM were searched using the OASIS. The searched researches were analyzed according to the type of case, including information on disease/symptoms and intervention. Results : A total of 940 researches were searched. The most frequently reported type of case study was the report on the effectiveness of intervention. Case reports, which were only two cases in the 1970s, increased rapidly in the 2000s, and in particular, 314 cases within the last five years accounted for about 33% of the total literature. As for the number of studies by disease, the cases dealing with musculoskeletal diseases such as spine, shoulder and knee joint disorders were the most prevalent. Besides, there were many case reports related to cardiovascular, gynecological, cancer, psychiatric, and dermatological diseases. In a total of 51.9% of the included case reports, a combination of two or more Korean medical treatments such as acupuncture and herbal medicine was used at once, and western treatment was used with Korean medical treatment in 28.2% of the studies. The types of Korean medical treatments were varied, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, electroacupuncture, Chuna, acupotomy, herbal medicine, external preparation, and psychotherapy. The main purpose of the publication of the included case reports was analyzed as a report of TKM treatment for rare diseases, or the application of TKM treatment to diseases or symptoms that are "uncommon in TKM treatment" even if it is not a rare disease. Conclusions : Case reports have the strength of generating new scientific hypotheses by detecting the basic needs and novelty of medicine. The current case studies of TKM do not seem to be sufficient to highlight these strengths. It is necessary to discuss which cases are reported as cases of patients worth publishing, and based on this, it is necessary to activate case studies of TKM by utilizing diagnostic tools and science technology.