• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.150-164
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• 2000

This study was conducted at occupational health laboratories in Seoul and Gyunggi district area from December, 1999 to January, 2000. The main purpose of this study was to survey the actual condition of safety and health by questionnaire and checklist and to assess the performance of fume hoods and the airborne exposures to chemicals in the laboratories. The chemicals in the cabinet were not classified by hazardous properties and the compressed gases were not stored safely. The prevalences of laboratories having first aid kits, fire extinguishers, and safety showers were found to be 18%, 55%, and 9%, respectively. Most laboratory workers were not educated for safety and health. Also, there was no performance evaluation for hazards and risks. The fume hoods in laboratories had not been annually inspected by checklist and the face velocity had been checked more than one time in the previous year for only 18% of them. Five percent of fume hoods had the face velocity more than 4.0 m/sec and 17% had no capture performance. Detected organic solvents were methylenechloride, acetone, ethylbenzene, isopropanol, xylene, methylisobutylketone, trichloroethylene, and toluene. The concentrations of organic solvents were much less than the occupational exposure limits proposed by the Ministry of Labor in Korea. This study showed that the actual condition of safety and health was not appropriate for laboratory workers. It is recommended that laboratory workers should be educated for the treatment and storage of hazardous chemicals and compressed gases to improve the working environment of the occupational safety and health laboratories.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2016

Objectives : Treatment using foods has already been recorded since the time of Zhou Dynasty of China. Modifications in the cooking process of medicinal food or manufactural process of herbal medicines are accompanied by the alterations in the ingredients that affect the actual efficacies of medicinal food or herbal medicine, and may have marked effects on the patients including the difficulties that may be experienced in consuming the food or taking the medicine. Therefore, systemic management is essential in such processes. Accordingly, management of such knowledge system must be standardized and conveniently administered by grafting IT technology. This study aims to overcome the problem of the failure of the knowledge system on the material-oriented medicinal herbs to apply the knowledge on the cooking process that impart marked influence on the actual efficacies of the medicinal herbs. Methods : Therefore, analysis of the cooking process or manufacturing processes of prescriptions was executed by using the morphological analysis method in natural language. In this study, we aimed to make data structure of the terminologies that represent manufacture process of prescription and medicinal food. The data structure is combinations of smallest unit in natural language. We made the database by analyzing morpheme of the natural language to express the manufacture process of prescription and medicinal food. Results & Conclusions : As the results, we can express making process of Cheonjin-won, Guseon-wangdogo and Sanyagbaegboglyeongtalagjuk in DB. It was concluded that the development of DB through the extraction of a total of 15 types of concepts including 'order', 'action' and 'continuous action', etc. was helpful in systematization of the knowledge on medicinal herbs including the manufacturing process.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.22-39
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between estimated profit and utilization of medical equipment upon purchasing and actual results at one teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea Medical equipments over $100,000 from 1992 to 1997 were selected and results were as follows: 1. Twenty equipments out of thirty exceeded estimated profits and the difference was 3.98 billion won and ten equipments did not reach the estimated profits and 5.5 billion won was the difference. Diagnostic equipment exceeded the estimated profit which surgical equipment didn't. 2. Eleven equipments exceeded estimated utilization, which showed 100%. In the mean time, eighteen equipments didn't reach the estimated utilization, which was 71%. Diagnostic equipment showed the less estimated utilization than surgical equipment 3. Twenty-one equipments showed the 6.83 billion won profits and nine equipments showed the 1.6 billion won deficits. Diagnostic equipment was more profitable than surgical equipment. Finally. diagnostic equipment helped improving hospital management than surgical equipment. 4. Main factors which showed the big difference from the initial plan were lacking reasonable estimated method, no evaluation system for purchase, emphasis in medical treatment, excessive expenditure in maintenance, duplicated investment for medical equipment and leadership commitment. As a result. Substantial planning is required from the requesting department in consideration of estimated profit and utilization and systematic quality control is needed to confirm. Also, One-sided decision making should be avoided to purchase a high cost medical equipment and efforts should be made in examining carefully and developing a reasonable analytic method.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2003

Objectives： Oral health care program for the elementary school children (ESOHCP) should be met the first priority because dental caries are highly sensitive and prevalent among them. This study was performed to enhance the efficiency of ESOHCP, and their oral health promotion. Methods： The Subjects were 346 students (3rd grade 163, 6th grade 185) of one elementary school in Busan. Dental IQ and actual oral health status； the decayed, mixing and filling teeth were checked through questionnaire and oral health examination from April to June 2002. Dental IQ was presented out of one hundred, and data analysis was done using SAS (ver 8.1) program. Results： The students' cognitive level about the causative and preventive factor of dental caries was relatively high. However, the practical aspects of preventive behavior - tooth brushing； three times per day (20％), three minutes per time (22％), oral health examination； one time per three months (10％) left much to be desired. And, only 27％ of the subjects had experienced in school oral health education. The mean level of dental IQ was 79 out of 100, and 51 ％ and 42％ of them had the decayed and teeth with filling, respectively, with the rate of DMFT 82％, DT 43％, FT 57％. The level of dental IQ was higher in case of having his (her) own tooth brush (p＝0.072), standard tooth brushing (p<0.001) three times per day, post meal, three minutes per time, present experience of oral health examination (p<0.001) and dental clinic visit (p<0.001). The grade of caries was more serious in case of 6th grade (p＝0.059), an absence of his (her) own tooth brush (p＝ 0.090), present experience of oral health examination (p＝0.021), and an absence of regular dental clinic visit (p＝0.003). The frequency of oral health examination (γ＝ 0.620), tooth brushing； times per day (γ＝0.445), post meal (γ＝0.355), expending times per brushing (γ＝0.352), right cognition to the treatment of caries (γ＝0.401), positive attitude to dental treatment (γ＝0.387), the frequency of dental clinic visit for the past one year (γ＝0.152) showed significant correlation with dental IQ. In the multivariate analysis, dental IQ was influenced by the frequency of oral health examination, right cognition to the cause of caries, times of teeth brushing per day, right cognition to the treatment of caries, etc., with adjusted R2＝0.857. Conclusion： Though the students' cognitive level about the causative and preventive factor of dental caries was high, the practical aspects of preventive behavior left much to be desired. Ant the current ESOHCP considered to be still inefficient. However, frequent dental visits had apparent correlation with hish level of dental IQ. The specialized and practical program should be needed for the efficient ESOHCP. Harmonized effort from educational, health and dental society is essential.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1494-1501
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• 2006

Mechanical and physical properties of a copper alloy for a liquid rocket engine(LRE) combustion chamber liner application were tested at various temperatures. All test specimens were heat treated with the condition they might experience during actual fabrication process of the LRE combustion chamber. Physical properties measured include thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal expansion data. Uniaxial tension tests were preformed to get mechanical properties at several temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600$^{\circ}C$. The result demonstrated that yield stress and ultimate tensile stress of the copper alloy decreases considerably and strain hardening increases as the result of the heat treatment. Since the LRE combustion chamber operates at higher temperature over 400$^{\circ}C$, the copper alloy can exhibit time-dependent behavior. Strain rate, creep and stress relaxation tests were performed to check the time-dependent behavior of the copper alloy. Strain rate tests revealed that strain rate effect is negligible up to 400$^{\circ}C$ while stress-strain curve is changed at 500$^{\circ}C$ as the strain rate is changed. Creep tests were conducted at 250$^{\circ}C$ and 500$^{\circ}C$ and the secondary creep rate was found to be very small at both temperatures implying that creep effect is negligible for the combustion chamber liner because its operating time is quite short.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2017

방사선이 존재하는 환경에서 무색, 무미, 무촉의 방사선을 검출하기 위한 계측장비는 매우 중요하며 그동안 방사선 계측장비의 개발에 대한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 특히 방사선을 검출한 이후 측정된 검출신호를 손실 없이 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 검출된 미세전류를 전압형태로 정형하고, 이를 정확하게 판독하는 신호처리 부분은 매우 중요하다. 검출된 방사선 신호파형을 판독할 때, 지금까지는 신호의 전압파형을 짧은 시간 동안 일정한 값으로 유지시켜 파형의 크기를 판독한 후, 그 전기적인 값을 방전하고 다음 파형에 대비하는 피크홀드방식을 사용하였다. 이 연구에서는 방사선 검출기에서 측정된 검출신호 전압파형의 판독을 피크홀드방식이 아닌, 전압신호의 파고 정점에 이르는 시간을 포착하여 그 값을 직접 판독하는 방식을 제안한다. 이 방식에 의하면 전압 파고를 일정한 시간동안 유지하거나, 유지된 전압 파고를 초기상태로 만드는 복잡한 과정을 거치지 않고 검출된 방사선 신호를 정확하게 판독할 수 있다는 장점을 가지며, 실제 시뮬레이션을 통하여 이를 검증하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926을 이용한 연속식 혐기성 소화공정에서 수소 생산과 동력학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 기질은 glucose를 사용하였고, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125일의 체류시간 (hydraulic retention time, HRT)에서 실험이 이루어졌으며, 모든 HRT의 조건에서 탄산화물은 99% 이상의 제거효율를 나타내었다. 체류시간이 짧을수록, COD 제거율은 낮은 반면에, 전체 가스 중에서 수소 가스 함량과 수소 발생량이 높게 나타났다. 또한, 정상상태에서, 증식 수율과 수소가스 생성 수율은 각각 0.27 g-VSS/g- glucose, 0.26 L/g-glucose로 나타났다. 본 실험에 사용된 균주를 glucose와 같이 당 성분이 함유된 폐수처리에 적용하면 수소를 생산할 수 있으며, 이러한 실험 결과들을 잘 활용하면 대체에너지로서, 실제적인 수소가스 생산 시스템에 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.165-186
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• 2004

When certificates of qualification relating to computer have shown up like dam water and meeting the age of office automation (OA) utilizing computer throughout the community, and at the point of time when the promotion of efficiency of duty is attempted by utilizing internet, the improvement plans should be groped for to expect to cultivate the national industrial manpower efficiently and by easily approaching the related OA certificates of qualification related to computer so that everyone can acauire the additional points for recognition of credit, entering company and promotion by the dimension of public trust, recognition degree, practial using level in actual affairs, reliability of problems and after manpower management of the certificates of qualification less expensively and saving time. the concrete plans are as follows: First, in the standard of making questions for the examination of 'Computer Utilizing Ability' executed by the chamber of commerce and Industry, there is the independent examination, but by inserting the presentation portion in the higher grade and middle grade, it should be contributed to improve office efficiency both in mane and reality. Second, though the internet retriever's examination is executed by the nongovernment specialized examination, since it is actually widely utilized in the office activities due to universality of using internet, it is now the time to newly establish and accommodate it as the national examination of 'internet Utilizing Ability', not the interest specialized retriever. Third, the applicants, shall take examination for the nongoverment certificate of qualification or enterprise's certificate of qualification at the date and place designated by the applicant, but there are much restrictions for the national certificate of qualification, so the date of examination shall be decided flexibly and efficiently to give chances to students by adjusting to the semesters of the students. Fourth, in this rapidly changing age of the informationalization community, the acquisition of the certificates of qualification through the university and the designated and entrusted educational institutes should be increased the proportion of activation to become officially recognized, and the extent of special treatment for obtainers of the certificate of qualification should be expanded to equip manpower competitive power in the age of informationalization.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2004

방사선 치료에서 각 방사선치료 관련 장비의 주기적인 정도관리는 매우 중요하나, 방사선 발생장치에 비하여 방사선치료계획시스템(RTPS)에 대한 정도관리는 아직 미흡한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 방사선치료계획시스템의 정도 관리를 위해서 주기적인 정도관리 항목을 제시하고, 수행함으로써 국내에서 사용하고 있는 치료계획시스템들의 성능을 비교, 평가해보고자 한다. 정도관리 항목은 입ㆍ출력 장치와 같은 비 선량학적 측면과 선량계산 결과에 관련된 선량학적 측면으로 크게 분류하였고, 수행 시간, 에러 발생률, 중요도에 따라서 주간, 월간, 연간, 비정기적으로 분류하였다. 불균질 상태를 모사한 물 등가 고체팬톰을 컴퓨터단층 촬영하여 영상을 얻었으며, RTPS에 입력하여 정도관리를 수행하였다. 입출력 장치는 장비의 오작동 여부를 점검하고 입출력 후 실제 영상과의 크기 차이를 비교하였고, 선량계산 항목은 정방형 조사면, 부정형 조사면, 쐐기 조사면, 불균질 물질 보정, 사방향 조사 등에 대해 수행하였다. 에너지는 6 MV, 10 MV를 이용하여 이온검출기를 통해 기준점에서의 실제 측정값을 얻었고, 계산된 값과 실제 측정한 값을 비교하여 RTPS의 정확도를 평가하였다. 기하학적 정확도와 선량의 정확도를 평가한 결과 선진 각국 및 각 학회에서 권고하고 있는 허용 범위 내에서 대부분 일치하였다. 따라서 방사선치료의 성적을 향상시키기 위해서 주기적인 정도관리가 요구되며, 본 연구결과를 토대로 RTPS의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 국내 실정에 적합한 주기적인 정도관리 프로그램을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.18-35
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• 2019

한국지역난방공사에서 난지 물재생센터의 하수처리 설비로 부터 발생하는 $45,300m^3$/일의 바이오가스를 연료로 1,500 kW, 2대 규모의 엔진 발전기를 운영하고 있다. 그러나 바이오가스 발전 플랜트의 실제 운영 경험이 미미하고, 축적된 기술 및 노하우 부족으로 가스엔진의 잦은 고장과 정지로 많은 경제적 손실이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 이 발전 플랜트의 안정적인 운영을 위한 기술적 근본 대책 마련이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 난지 물재생센터의 하수처리장에서 발생하는 바이오가스를 이용한 가스엔진 플랜트의 일련의 공정상의 문제점을 확인하고, 각 단계별 문제점을 최소화 하여 실제 운전의 최적화 방안을 마련하였다. 먼저 고장 정지의 주요 원인인 발생가스의 정제를 위해 현재 사용 중인 활성탄에 대한 성분분석 및 흡착실험을 통해 활성탄의 흡착능력 품질 기준 마련을 위한 여건을 조성하였다. 또한, 불순물을 최소화하기 위한 활성탄의 교체주기의 기준수립, 황화수소 측정주기 강화, 활성탄 국산화, 설비개선 등 바이오플랜트 운영기준 강화 및 개선방안을 적용하여 실제운전에 적용하였다. 그 결과 가스엔진 1호기는 530%, 2호기는 250%의 정상운전 가동시간이 증가되는 운영실적을 보였다. 또한 통풍구의 설비개선을 통해 작업공정을 줄이고, 정상 운전시간과 가동률을 높일 수 있었다. 경제적으로도 77,000천원/년의 매출증대 효과를 나타냈다, 이와 같이 운영기준의 강화 및 개선방안을 적용하여, 바이오가스 플랜트의 고장 정지를 줄이고 가동률을 높여, 안정적인 운영을 하는 것이 현실적인 바이오가스 플랜트의 최적 운영방안으로 판단된다.