• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The information space, the main components of which are information resources, means of information interaction, and information infrastructure, is a sphere of modern social life in which information communications play a leading role. The objective process is the gradual but stable entry of the national information space into the European and world information sphere, in the context of which there is a legitimate question of its protection as one of the components of the national security of Ukraine. However, the implementation of this issue in practice immediately faces the need to respect the rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by international regulations and the Constitution of Ukraine, especially in the field of cybersecurity. The peculiarity of the modern economy is related to its informational nature, which affects the sharp increase in cyber incidents in the field of information security, which is widespread and threatening and affects a wide range of private, corporate, and public interests. The problem of forming an effective information security system is exacerbated by the spread of cybercrime as a leading threat to information security both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of cybersecurity and on this basis to identify new areas of the fight against cybercrime in Ukraine. Methods: the study is based on an extensive regulatory framework, which primarily consists of regulatory acts of Ukraine. The main methods were inductions and deductions, generalizations, statistical, comparative, and system-structural analysis, grouping, descriptive statistics, interstate comparisons, and graphical methods. Results. It is noted that a very important component of Ukraine's national security is the concept of "information terrorism", which includes cyberterrorism and media terrorism that will require its introduction into the law. An assessment of the state of cybersecurity in Ukraine is given. Based on the trend analysis, further growth of cybercrimes was predicted, and ABC analysis showed the existence of problems in the field of security of payment systems. Insufficient accounting of cybercrime and the absence in the current legislation of all relevant components of cybersecurity does not allow the definition of a holistic system of counteraction. Therefore, the proposed new legal norms in the field of information security take into account modern research in the field of promising areas of information technology development and the latest algorithms for creating media content.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.275-284
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• 2021

Survival analysis was used to analyze whether there is a difference in the effect of leverage on corporate failure according to the firm size. A total of 25,250 (year-company) companies listed on the Korea Stock Exchange and KOSDAQ market from 1999 to 2019 were analyzed. First, the increase in leverage generally acts as a factor that increases the possibility of corporate failure. On the other hand, the increase in the trade payable ratio lowered the possibility of failure of the company. The increase in corporate trade payable was perceived as a factor in reducing the possibility of corporate failure because it was considered the active development of business activities or active use of interest-free debt rather than leading to an increase in corporate risk. Second, a higher leverage ratio and trade payable ratio in large firms lowered the possibility of corporate failure. In the SMEs, all types of leverage increases are a factor that increases corporate failure. Overall, the effect of leverage on corporate failure differs according to the size of the company.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2021

Objective: Vanin1 (VNN1) is a pantetheinase that can catalyze the hydrolysis of pantetheine to produce pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Our previous studies showed that VNN1 is specifically expressed in chicken liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and miRNA-181a-5p in regulating VNN1 gene expression in chicken liver. Methods: 5'-RACE was performed to identify the transcription start site of chicken VNN1. JASPAR and TFSEARCH were used to analyze the potential transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of chicken VNN1 and miRanda was used to search miRNA binding sites in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of chicken VNN1. We used a knock-down strategy to manipulate PPARα (or miRNA-181a-5p) expression levels in vitro to further investigate its effect on VNN1 gene transcription. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of VNN1 targeted by PPARα and miRNA-181a-5p. Results: Sequence analysis of the VNN1 promoter region revealed several transcription factor-binding sites, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), PPARα, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. GW7647 (a specific agonist of PPARα) increased the expression level of VNN1 mRNA in chicken primary hepatocytes, whereas knockdown of PPARα with siRNA increased VNN1 mRNA expression. Moreover, the predicted PPARα-binding site was confirmed to be necessary for PPARα regulation of VNN1 gene expression. In addition, the VNN1 3'UTR contains a sequence that is completely complementary to nucleotides 1 to 7 of miRNA-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly decreased the expression level of VNN1 mRNA. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PPARα is an important transcriptional activator of VNN1 gene expression and that miRNA-181a-5p acts as a negative regulator of VNN1 expression in chicken hepatocytes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.575-586
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• 2020

In this study, a two-dimensional hydraulic model test was conducted to examine the hydraulic phenomena that occur around the seawall when wave and wind coexist. Based on recent seawall repair and reinforcement examples, the experimental section was constructed under the condition of installing wave dissipation blocks on the safety surface of four different representative seawalls. Water level fluctuation, reflection, overtopping and wave pressure characteristics according to external force change were reviewed. It was confirmed that the top concrete shape of the seawall is the most important factor of the hydraulic characteristics that appear in front of the seawall, and the tendency is more pronounced when wind acts. Even in the case of vertical type seawall, when wind of 3 m/s~5 m/s occurs, the amount of overtopping increases to about 5%~12%. In the case of wave pressure, it was confirmed from the experimental results that the value increased from about 1.5 to 2.2 times in front of the top of concrete block. In addition, it was confirmed that when the shape of the seawall was different, the range of change in the hydraulic characteristics appeared larger. Therefore, when designing a seawall of a new shape, a more detailed review of the hydraulic characteristics should be accompanied based on these experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

Article 117, Paragraph 1 of the 「Constitution」 states that "Local governments may enact provisions relating to local autonomy, within the limit of Acts and subordinate statutes". It restricts the enactment of effective self-government laws. The fundamental problem-solving is securing the right to self-governing legislation through constitutional amendment. Therefore, it must be revised to "Local governments can make regulations on self-government to the extent that they handle resident welfare affairs in accordance with the subsidiarity and do not violate the law." In the long-term perspective, the current education council problem, which is contrary to the constitution, has to be revived as a constitutional independent education committee system, and the voting agency and the executive agency must go together and education councilors must have about 10 years of experience in education and education administration. The current superintendent's election system is of great significance in establishing democratic legitimacy by ensuring residents' right to vote and securing a superintendent's representation of residents. It hasn't been long since the system was implemented, but there are some side effects and it is argued that the election system should be replaced by the appointment by the head of the local government, the running mate system or the joint registration system. However it is thought that it is necessary to minimize and supplement the side effects rather than fixing the system as it violates the Constitution of the local education autonomy system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1738-1751
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• 2020

The skin is divided into three parts: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous fat, and the stratum corneum, which is located at the top of the epidermis, acts as a barrier that prevents drug delivery. Nanoemulsions are known to be effective in transdermal delivery of drugs through intercellular lipids because of their unique small particle size. In this study, phase inversion temperature (PIT) nanoemulsion containing α-bisabolol was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for effective skin absorption of α-bisabolol. As a preliminary experiment, the 25-2 fractional factorial design method and the 23 full factorial design method were performed. Box-Behnken design was performed based on the results of the factorial design method. The content of surfactant (6.3~12.6%), co-surfactant (5.2~7.8%) and α-bisabolol (0.5~5.0%) were used as factors, and the dependent variable was the particle size of the nanoemulsion. PIT nanoemulsion optimization was performed according to the RSM results, and as a result, the optimal nanoemulsion formulation conditions were predicted to be 10.4% surfactant content, 6.3% co-surfactant content, and 5.0% α-bisabolol content. As a result of the skin absorption test, the final skin absorption rate of the PIT nanoemulsion was 35.11±1.01%, and the final skin absorption rate of the general emulsion as a control was 28.25±1.69%, confirming that the skin absorption rate of the PIT nanoemulsion was better.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.283-290
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• 2021

Survival analysis was used to determine whether there are differences in the impact of trade payables on business failure according to the size of the company. A total of 41,781 firms from 1999 to 2019 were analyzed. The analysis period was divided into the entire period and before and after the financial crisis. The trade payable ratio is a proxy variable. The increase in trade payables over the entire period increases the possibility of business failure of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). However, in large firms, a significant relationship between the increase in the trade payable ratio and the possibility of corporate failure could not be confirmed. Second, in SMEs during the sub-periods of 1999-2007 and 2009-2019, it was found that an increase in trade payables acts as a factor that increases the possibility of corporate failure. However, in large corporations, the increase in trade payables in the period from 2009 to 2019 has been shown to reduce the rate of failure. An increase in trade payables is recognized as the active development of business activities or the active use of interest-free debt. Therefore, it was confirmed that the impact of trade payables on corporate failure differs depending on the size of the company.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.36
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• pp.173-202
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• 2013

In Korea The understanding about physical body contains several cultural and historical experiences. In the modern times several discussions bring about changes from moral training to physical education. Physical education shows clearly modern physical human being by destructions of confusional human being. In confusional philosophy human body contains moral facts such as moral training. Moral training shows right mind, so every physical acts target mental and cultural training. So in this capitalism, it is needed o training right moral training and right physical education.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.55
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• pp.7-56
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• 2018

This paper deals with the legal meaning and issues of street performances. The key elements in the legal sense of street performances (or artistic performances) are 'public places' and 'artistic activities'. Therefore, as far as belongs to "artistic activities in public places", we can call them in principle as street performances regardless of its level of art, whether they are paid or not, size of performances or genre of artistic activities. Street performances are a way for anyone to freely participate and enjoy art by being performed on open places. In addition, street performances can be seen as more popular and democratic artistic acts than mainstream art culture in that anyone can become street performers. Although street performances are in vogue and becoming a universal cultural phenomenon, they do not appear to be legally organized yet. However, we don't have to strictly regulate street performances on the grounds that they are something different and special. Instead, they should let their street performances be freely performed and enjoyed in accordance with the constitutional law that guarantees the freedom of art or the freedom of artistic expression. Of course, it is necessary to modify the relevant laws on key issues raised regarding street performances. Finally, for street performances to be well established as cultural phenomenon, it should be harmonized that efforts to observe the law and orders by street performers, mature rituals and cultural tolerances of citizens who enjoy street performances, and efforts to realize the purpose of cultural countries and to promote street performances by governments.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.54
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• pp.71-110
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• 2018

Starting from the agenda that we should determine the function of local government at each level in order to facilitate decentralization, this article is dedicated to demonstrating problems in the practice of Korean legislation today. On the one hand, in the "local autonomy act", the local governments' function is designated by the term "affairs of local governments" which includes autonomous duites and the duties delegated by the State to local governments. Meanwhile, all of acts by which governments are granted the power of execution, upon the principle of "the reservation of law", does not distinguish the nature of each authority as well. On the other hand, as regards the legal status of the territorial collectivity, the practice in the legislation does not clearly distinguish between territorial representation and national delegation. If we want to achieve the decentralization, we should reevaluate and determine EVERY authority and responsibility of administrative service in terms of its nature whether it is for the local diversity or for the standardization of public service in the State. In following, we should have the terminology by which we can designate the territorial collectivity which is distinguished from the national organ at the local level in the legislation.