• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.633-637
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• 2011

Iron (III) phosphate was employed as an efficient catalyst for the chemo selective acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent free condition at room temperature and with high yields. Iron (III) phosphate is also a potential green catalyst due to solid intrinsically, reusable and with high catalytic activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.236-245
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• 2003

The study was performed for elucidating angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and comparing antioxidative activity of Panax ginseng extracts prepared at different conditions. Total phenolic content, inhibitory activity on ACE and antioxidative effects were tested on 10 ethanolic extracts and correlation coefficient between total phenolic content and physiological activity was calculated. Yield and total phenolic content of 50% ethanolic extract prepared at $85^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest value as 42.52% and 0.82%, respectively. Among the fractions obtained from 50% ethanolic extract prepared at room temperature, water fraction showed the highest value in yield as 72.08% and ethyl acetate fraction did in total phenolic content as 6.59%. In the test on ACE inhibitory activity, 50% ethanolic extract obtained at room temperature indicated the strongest effect of 93.8% which was higher than 85.2% of commercialized ACE inhibitor and solvent fractions showed potent inhibitory activity in order of hexane fraction, diethyl ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction and water fraction at concentration of $4000{\mu}g/ml$. 50% Ethanolic extract prepared at $85^{\circ}C$ had the most potent inhibition effect on human LDL oxidation as 78.2% at $200{\mu}g/ml$ and the other extracts also did above 60%. Diethyl ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong inhibition activity $(34.38%{\sim}78.13%)$ on LDL oxidation at concentration of $10{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$. From the statistical analysis via SAS program, correlation coefficient between total phenolic content and ACE inhibitory effect was 0.6353 at P<0.05. Conclusively, this report showed that the most efficient extraction condition for elevating inhibitory activity on ACE and LDL oxidation, phenolic content and yield from Panax ginseng was 50% ethanol extraction at room temperature or high temperature condition. And Panax ginseng would be used for preventing hypertension or atheroscrelosis for man via inhibitory action on ACE and LDL oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.971-984
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relations among the residents' characteristics, the policy of the facility, and the physical characteristics of activity areas, and to understand the elements for the lively use of activity areas in the elderly nursing facilities. The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a relationship between the characteristics of semi-public activity areas and the residents' management-control policy. The facilities having semi-public areas of living room type showed more flexibility in time and place and more respects for the residents. Second, the activity areas of connection type were much more used than the compartment type, especially in the facilities having more residents incapable of walking. On the other hand, the facilities having high control for the residents showed high using rate in public activity areas, and all those did not have semi-public areas or showed low using rate in there. Third, in the analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the using rate of activity areas, the public activity areas having compartment type in the spatial composition and hall as a form were likely to have multiple usages. On the whole, the various form of activity areas, the area per residents, openness, accessibility and centrality were having interactions each other for high using rate in activity areas. Especially, many stimulations and the furniture arrangements that were good for the residents' interactions had a function of compensation for the poor physical characteristics of activity areas. This study investigated only the using rates to understand the lively use of the space. For the future study, it is suggested that the detail using behavior of the residents should be examined to understand the influential elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 1992

Individual starter culture were inoculated into liquid medium and incubated at $40^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours. Whole cell were obtained and evaluated for ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity using orthonitrophenyl-${\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (ONPG) as substrate. S. thermophilus had more ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity than other Lactobacilli did. To study the effect of storage temprature on enzyme activity of yoghurt, some samples of cultured yoghurt were stored under refrigeration $(4^{\circ}C)$, and the others under room temperature $(23^{\circ}C)$. At $4^{\circ}C$, yoghurt had ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and many viable bacteria in 1 month. After 20 days, yoghurt had maximum ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. At $23^{\circ}C$, yoghurt had ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity by 5 days. As this experiment shown ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity was ascribed to viable bacteria, especially S. thermophillus. Commercial yoghurt had lower ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. There were considerable variations with regard to the lactose hydrolyzing capabilities of commercial yoghurt samples.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.289-293
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• 2008

To develop a poloxamer-based solid suppository with poloxamer and polyethylene glycol mixtures, the melting point of various formulations composed of P 188 and propylene glycol were investigated. The dissolution and antitumor activity of clotrimazole delivered by the poloxamer-based suppository were performed. The poloxamer mixtures composed of P 188 and propylene glycol were homogeneous phases. P 188 greatly affected the melting point of poloxamer mixtures. In particular, the poloxamer mixture [P 188/propylene glycol(70/30%)] with the melting point of about $32^{\circ}C$ was a solid form at room temperature and instantly melted at physiological temperature. Furthermore, the ratio of P 188/propylene glycol greatly affected the dissolution rates of clotrimazole from poloxamer-based suppository. It gave the more effective anti-tumor activity than conventional PEG-based suppository due to fast dissolution. Thus, the clotrimazole-Ioaded poloxamer-based solid suppository was an effective rectal dosage form with anti-tumor activity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 1995

In order to develop a natural food preservative, the root bark of Morus alba was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial substance from the sample, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract form the sample was stronger than those of the extracts by the other solvents such as water, methanol. ethyl acetate and acetone. The optimum extracting condition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction twice for 5 hours at room temperature in case of 7 times of absolute ethanol added to the crushed root bark of Morus alba. The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba had strong B. cereus, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Especially, Bacillus species was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. The ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria(MIC, 160~1600 ug/ml) and yeasts(MIC, 1600 ug/ml) such as C. albicans and S. acidifaeciens. The extract also showed growth inhibition against molds such as A. niger, A. parasiticus, A versicolar and T. viride.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.684-689
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• 2006

The present study examined the effects of Tween 80 on the attachment and hydrolytic activity of a cellulase enzyme against ball-milled cellulose (BMC), using the whole component (native CBH I) and the catalysis module (core CBH I) of carbohydrolase I purified from Trichoderma viride (Meicelase, Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan). The effects were evaluated as protein concentrations in the supernatant after mixing enzyme and substrate with Tween 80 at room temperature. Tween 80 decreased the adsorption of native CBH I and core CBH I onto BMC (p<0.001) and increased the amount of reducing sugars released from BMC by native CBH I (p<0.001). However, Tween 80 did not enhance the hydrolytic activity of core CBH I. Observations using SEM revealed that Tween 80 caused cellulose filter paper to swell and enhanced surface cracks and filaments caused by native CBH I but not by core CBH I. These results suggested that Tween 80 decreases enzyme adsorption to its substrate but enhances enzymatic activity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 1988

This study was undertaken to investigate the proteolytic enzyme from Neungee mushroom [Sarcodon aspratus (Berk) S. Ito]. The proteolytic activity of Neungee was higher than other several edible mushrooms under various pHs. The potency of proteolytic enzyme of Neungee was same as the digestive drugs containing protease. So the proteolytic activity of the enzyme was increased in neutral or weak alkaline pH, whose characteristics would be alkaline protease. The specific activity of the purified enzyme obtained by using Tris acryl CM-cellulose ion exchange increased 20 times as compared with that of the crude extract. The proteolytic enzyme was stable at room temperature, but decomposition was fast when incubated at higher temperature more than $40^{\circ}C$. The half life of the enzyme was longest in neutral pH and rate constant was increased in acidic or alkaline solution.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2005

A novel fungal strain Aspergillus sp. L117 that produced acid-stable and thermostable phytase was isolated on basis of the clearing zone on PSM plate and the ability of Na-phytate hydrolysis. The phytase of isolate showed a 3-fold higher activity than that of A. ficuun NRRL3135. The Aspergillus sp. L117 produced maximal level of phytase at initial pH of 5.0 and $30^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH and temperature for phytase activity were 5.5 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The phytase showed totally stable activity after 20 min of exposure between 30 and $90^{\circ}C$, and even at $100^{\circ}C$. The highest level of residual phytase activity was obtained at pH 5.5, and still retained the stability at the broadest pH ranges (2.0 to 7.0) of all the aforementioned phytases. Storage stability of phytase was preserved over 96% of initial activities for 60 days at 4, -20, and $-70^{\circ}C$ and to retain even 70% of the initial activity at room temperature.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

Methanolic and aqueous extracts of 26 red algae species collected from Jeju Island coast were prepared at a high $(70^{\circ}C)$ and a room temperature $(20^{\circ}C)$ and were examined for their cytotoxic activity against 4 tumor cell lines: U-937 (human monoblastoid leukemia cell line), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cell line), B-16 (murine melanoma cell line) and HeLa (woman cervical carcinoma cell line). $20^{\circ}C$ methanolic extract of Polysiphonia japonica showed cytotoxic activity of over 50% against U-937, HL-60 and B-16 cells. On the other hand, the $20^{\circ}C$ aqueous extract of Scinaia okamurae and $70^{\circ}C$ aqueous extract of Chondrus crispus showed cell growth inhibition activity of more than 50% against HL-60 and B-16 cells. The highest cytotoxic activity was observed in the $20^{\circ}C$ aqueous extract of Scinaia okamurae against B-16 cells (80.55%).