• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2018

In order for monitoring of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the freshly slaughtered poultry meats produced in Gyeong-Nam province, we first isolated 4 strains of Salmonella spp. and 32 strains of Enterococcus faecalis from the total 164 samples, then we analyzed potential virulence gene profiles of the bacterial isolates by PCR using species-specific primer. The potential virulence genes we selected in this study were stn, invA, fimA, spvR, and spvC for the isolates of Salmonella spp. and those of esp, cylM, cylA, cylB, gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC were for the isolates of E. faecalis. The PCR results showed that all 5 virulence genes were detected simultaneously in the all isolates of Salmonella spp. However, there was a diverse occurrence pattern of the virulence genes in the case of E. faecalis. The gene for enterococcal surface protein (esp) was not detected among the isolates (0/32), and the haemolysin gene prevalence rate of cylA, cylB, and cylM were 3.1% (1/32), 9.3% (3/32), and 9.3% (3/32), respectively. Moreover, the genes of gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC that associated with gelatinase activity were detected in the rate of 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), and 53.1% (17/32), respectively. In conclusion, in the isolates of Salmonella spp., all possessed 5 virulence genes tested, suggesting that they are all related with each other clonally. However, in the case of E. faecalis isolates, the occurrence of the haemolysin genes (cylM, cylA, cylB) and the gelatinase genes (gelE, fsrABC) was highly variable among the isolates.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2016

The extraction and purification of the anti-hyperglycemic α-glucosidase inhibitor from an edible mushroom, Pleurotus cornucopiae, were investigated. The inhibitor was maximally extracted when the P. cornucopiae fruiting body was treated with distilled water at 30℃ for 12 h. Purification was achieved using Sephadex G-100 and G-50 filtration chromatography, pepsin hydrolysis, and reverse-phase HPLC. The compound’s solid yield and inhibitory activity were 12.2% and 9.10 mg/ml of IC₅₀, respectively. The purified inhibitor contained two hexapeptides with Thr-Ile-Ala-Phe-Ile-Asp (A) and Tyr-Tyr-Ala-Ile-Gly-Asp (B) sequences and molecular weights of 678.79 Da (A) and 643.7 Da (B). The purified inhibitor showed a mixed inhibition pattern to α-glucosidase and a dose-dependent anti-hyperglycemic effect in a streptozotocininduced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat model, exhibited by decreased blood glucose levels at doses of 50 and 300 mg/kg.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2015

Objective : Walking with a Material handling is an activity frequently undertaken by agricultural workers in Korea, due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to investigate differences in biomechanical variables according to the mechanical alignment of the lower limbs when walking with a heavy load, and to use this as basic data in the design of various working environments to reduce the skeletomuscular burden on the knee joint. Method : The study subjects comprised of 22 right-foot dominant adult men and women aged between 20 and 23 years. The subjects were divided into a varus or valgus group according to the mechanical alignment of the lower limb by using radiographic findings. The subjects walked without any load and with a load of 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body weight held in front of them. The Kwon3d XP program was used to calculate biomechanical variables. Results : The flexion/extension moment of the knee joint showed a decreasing trend with increased load, irrespective of the mechanical alignment of the lower limb, while the varus group did not show normal compensatory action when supported by one leg at the point of maximum vertical ground reaction force. In addition, in terms of the time taken, subjects showed no difficulties in one-foot support time up to 20%/BW, but at 30%/BW, despite individual differences, there was an increase in single limb. The increased load resulted in a decrease in the ratio of standing phase to ensure physical stability. The valgus group showed a trend of increasing the stability of their center of mass with increasing load, through higher braking power in the early standing phase. Conclusion : In conclusion, although there was no statistical difference in biomechanical variables according to the mechanical alignment of the lower limbs, the varus group showed a more irregular walking pattern with a Material handling than the valgus group, partially proving the association between lower limb alignment and walking with a Material handling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.68 no.1
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 1985

Megagametophyte tissues of Pinus densiflora were subjected to study the inheritance of acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase (CAT) isozymes by starch gel zone-electrophoresis. At least three or four zones were segregated for ACP isozyme. However, as one isozyme of ACP-A zone was separated clearly, only that isozyme was analysed. Five isozyme phenotypes (A1-A5), observed in ACP-A zone, were segregated to a simple Mendelian ratio, suggesting that these are controlled by five codominant alleles existed at ACP-A locus. Two zones of activity were segregated in the gels after staining for ADH, the more anodal zone (ADH-A) of the two was invariant in our materials. Three isozyme phenotypes (B1-B3) were observed in ADH-B zone and these variants showed a 1:1 segregation pattern, suggesting that each variant is controlled by three codominant alleles at ADH-B locus. A total of five isozyme phenotypes, composed of multiple bands, were observed in CAT isozyme. The segregation of these phenotypes in heterozygous trees did not show any significant deviation from a 1:1 segregation. Therefore, the genetic control of CAT isozyme in Pinus densiflora seeds seems to be based on a single locus (CAT-A) with Five codominant alleles ($A_1-A_5$).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2015

Toxicity results of metals, nanoparticles (NPs), and soils contaminated with metals were introduced on this review. Following methods were used: seed germination, bioluminescence, enzyme activity, and mutation. In general, different sensitivities were observed, depending on types of bioassays and pollutants. Among tested seeds, sensitivities of Lactucus and Raphanus were greater than others. Of single metal exposure, effect by As(III) was greater than others, and high revertant mutation ratio (5.1) was observed at 1 mg/L arsenite, indicating high mutagenicity. No general pattern was observed on the effect of metal mixture, but synergistic effect was observed with seeds. In case of soils, no correlation was observed between total metal contents and toxicity. Toxicity of NPs was observed as follows: CuO > ZnO > NiO > $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$. Especially, no considerable effects were observed by $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, and $Co_3O_4$ under tested concentration (max. 1,000 mg/L). The evaluation results of interactive toxic effects using various bioassays may comprise a useful tool for the bioassessment of various environmental pollutants.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.222-230
• /
• 1999

Obesity is an excessive increased state of total body fat, and diabetes is a disease lack or defect of insulin which controls blood sugar. The reason of obesity and diabetes are history, lack of exercise, overeating, stress and so forth. The principle of dietary modification in the obesity and diabetes are controling total calorie control, and taking orderly meals, and restricting high calorie food. General exercise guidance will recommend to take precedence over the medical diagnosis, case history test before the exercise begins, and the beginning of exercise. It start with light excercise, and gradually enhance intensity The fundamental and effective cure of obesity and diabetes is aerobic exercise (as jogging, swimming, playing tennis, aerobic dancing). It is reasonable for exercise intensity to be 60~80$\%$ HRmax(50~70$\%$ $Vo_2$ max) and for the duration to be 15~60minutes a day and frequency to be 3~6 times a week. Especially the exercise intensity may be changeable according to the, pattern of diabetes. The snack that contains carbohydrate during exercise will discontinue the exercise when insulin activity is reached on high peak, and it is a proper way taking 15~20g's carbohydrate contained food against possibility of the low blood sugar occurance after exercise, At last, it is much effective the exercise therapy is combined with the diet therapy for best diabetes treatment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.237-252
• /
• 2011

In this study, four different oils containing either CLA, GLA, GLA+Carnitine or corn oil (control) were supplemented to finishing pigs (average 70.8 kg initial BW) diet for 28 d of feeding period. To evaluate the values of the dietary fatty acids, especially in view of sensory and nutritional characteristics of pork; pig performances, carcass characteristics, serum cholesterol, neutrophil phagocytosis, TBARS, electronic nose flavor and fatty acids profile of pork were measured. There were no differences in daily gain and nutrients digestion among treatments, but daily feed intake of CLA enriched diet was lower (P<0.05) than that of other diets. There were no differences in backfat thickness, dressing percentage and carcass grade among pigs fed diets supplemented with different oils. Serum total cholesterol showed a tendency to be lowered in pigs fed GLA enriched diet. TBARS values during storage of pork were higher in belly from pigs fed control diet whereas the values of belly from pigs fed GLA+Carnitine diet were lower than others. However, difference in TBARS was not remarkable in adipose tissue and 4 weeks extended storage regardless of pork parts. Proportion of saturated fatty acids such as C16:0 and C18:0 were higher (P<0.05) in pork loin and thin skirt from pigs fed CLA enriched diet compared to those from other diets. There were no differences in fatty acids profiles of belly and adipose tissue. CLA accumulation in pork was increased by the dietary CLA supplementation and this could be also confirmed by a slight de novo synthesis of CLA in pork from pigs fed CLA free diets. GLA was selectively accumulated to pork adipose tissue and loin from pigs fed GLA enriched diets. There was no accumulation of GLA when GLA was not supplemented, indicating no de novo synthesis of GLA. Phagocytic activity was the highest (p<0.05) in neutrophil of pigs fed GLA+Carnitine supplemented diet, then, followed by pigs fed GLA supplemented diet. There was no difference in phagocytosis between control and CLA treatment although the phagocytosis was numerically lowest in pig fed CLA enriched diet. There were distinct differences in electronic nose flavor pattern among treatments regardless of the parts. This study showed that dietary supplementation of functional fatty acids like CLA or GLA was able to result in characteristic differences in feed intake, TBARS, fatty acids profile and flavor of pork, serum cholesterol regulation and neutrophil phagocytosis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.665-671
• /
• 1996

The salt stress at seedling stage of barley was examined in different concentrations of NaCl containing 1/2 Hoagland solution. Among the physiological factors electric conductivity and sodium content of cell sap outflow solution were increased according to the in-crease of NaCl concentration in 1/2 Hoagland solution but the total protein content of root cell sap outflow solution was decreased. Changing pattern of amino acids content in plant was divided into 3 groups which were increased, decreased or unchanged by NaCl concentration in solution. In normal condition, sugar content in plant was higher than potassium or sodium but if NaCl was added more than 25mM in 1/2 Hoagland solution, sodium was the highest. Potassium content in shoot was decreased as 67% of control at 100mM of NaCl containing solution and in root it was decreased as 8%. Sum of the potassium and sodium content in shoot was seriously increased in accordant with NaCl concentration in culture solution, but in root it was gradually decreased. Chlorophyll content per g fresh weight and photosynthetic ability per $\textrm{cm}^2$ in first leaf were not affected by NaCl concentration of 1/2 Hoagland solution but root activity was slightly decreased compared to control.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2014

In this study, we installed the Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver on the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) from November 21 to 30, 2013 in order to monitor marine traffic and fishery activity in the jurisdictional sea area. The collected AIS raw data consist of static data report (MMSI, IMO NO., Call Sign, Ship Name, etc.) and position information report (position, speed, course, etc.), and the developed program was applied to classify ships according to ship flag and type information. The nationalities are released from the first three-digit numbers (MID) of MMSI, but in general most of small ships do not send an exact ship flag through Class B type AIS, a simplified and low-power equipment. From AIS data with flag information, ships under the flag of China had the highest frequency and the second was Korean flag, while in ship type cargo and fishing vessels were dominant in sequence. As for the ships without flag information, we compared the tracks with others in order to estimate ship flags. It can be said that fleets of ships with Chinese frequently appear sail together for fisheries over the waters, because the unknown ships followed a similar moving pattern with Chinese fishing vessels.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2012

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases which degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) during embryogenesis, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. Dysregulation of MMP activity is also associated with various pathological inflammatory conditions. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of MMPs during PMA-induced differentiation of THP-1 monocytic cells into macrophages. We found that MMP1, MMP8, MMP3, MMP10, MMP12, MMP19, MMP9, and MMP7 were upregulated during differentiation whereas MMP2 remained unchanged. Expression of MMPs increased in a time-dependent manner; MMP1, MMP8, MMP3, MMP10, and MMP12 increased beginning at 60 hr post PMA treatment whereas MMP19, MMP9, and MMP7 increased beginning at 24 hr post PMA treatment. To identify signal transduction pathways involved in PMA-induced upregulation of MMPs, we treated PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells with specific inhibitors for PKC, MEK1, NF-${\kappa}B$, PI3K, p38 MAPK and PLC. We found that inhibition of the MEK1 pathway blocked PMA-induced upregulation of all MMPs to varying degrees except for MMP-2. In addition, expression of select MMPs was inhibited by PI3K, p38 MAPK and PLC inhibitors. In conclusion, we show that of the MMPs examined, most MMPs were up-regulated during differentiation of monocyte into macrophage via the MEK1 pathway. These results provide basic information for studying MMPs expression during macrophage differentiation.