• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.04b
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• pp.291-295
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• 1999

Coprinus cinereus 2249 that is a kind of basidiomycetes constitutively produced alkaline carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPase) and xylanase. Crude enzymes prepared with optimal conditions showed higher FPase activity than CMCase activity. The FPase was most active at pH 9 at 50$^{\circ}C$. When applied on deinking of the old newsprint (ONP), it increases the freeness and brightness due to effect of hydrolysis at 0.1% enzyme concentration. Also, The physical properties of deinked pulp were improved.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.639-646
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• 2024

This study was conducted to select a probiotic strain using Bacillus strains living in the intestines of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae. To select Bacillus strains, the ones derived from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae were heated at 80℃ for 10 min, Subsequently, they were appropriately diluted and screened primarily for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, followed by secondary selection based on protease activity. Among the selected strains, the F23-72 strain exhibited excellent CMCase and protease activities. This strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis F23-72 through 16S rDNA analysis. F23-72 showed similar activity to B. velezensis KACC10334 and K10 for CMCase, avicelase, cellobiase, xylanase, and mannanase, indicating the excellent functionality of extracellular enzymes. While its auto-aggregation was higher than L. plantarum K9, it was lower than B. velezensis K10. However, its co-aggregation with pathogenic strains and mucin adhesion was lower than with L. plantarum K9. These characteristics suggest that Bacillus strains generally have low adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and a low ability to remove pathogenic bacteria. B. velezensis F23-72 exhibited slightly superior antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium compared to KACC10334 and K10, with the best results observed at 18 and 24 hr. In conclusion, B. velezensis F23-72 demonstrates excellent extracellular enzyme activity and antibacterial properties, but low mucosal adhesion and pathogenic bacteria removal ability, suggesting its potential use as a probiotic to aid in digestion.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.74-76
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• 2008

To obtain basic information on the biochemical property of basidiospores of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), the ability of producing extracellular enzyme was assessed using a chromogenic plate-based assay. For the aim, amylase, avicelase, $\beta$-glucosidase, CM-cellulase, pectinase, proteinase, and xylanase were tested against monokaryotic strains generated from forty basidiospores of two different parental dikaryotic strains of shiitake mushroom, Sanjo-101Ho and Sanjo-108Ho. These two parental strains showed different degree of extracellular enzyme activity. No identical patterns of the degree of enzyme activity were observed between monokaryotic strains and parental strains of the two shiitake cultivars. The degree of extracellular enzyme activity also varied among monokaryotic strains of the two shiitake cultivars. Our results showed that dikaryotic parental strains of shiitake mushroom produce monokaryotic basidiospores having very diverse biochemical properties.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

Three different strains of Lentinula edodes, Sanlim 5-Ho, Sanlim 6-Ho and Nongki 3-Ho, were cultured in the sawdust media of Mongolian oak(Quercu mongolica Fisch) for 90 days under dark and light conditions(each 30 days) and fruiting period(30 days). Weight loss of sawdust media was determined after fungal cultures and the contents of ergosterol in fungal mycelia were quantified by HPLC analysis followed by solvent extraction. Compared with the two other fungal strains$(8\%)$, weight loss of Sanlim 5-Ho was slightly lowered to $7\%$. The level of ergosterol content, a parameter for fungal growth, was continuously enhanced in Sanlim 5-Ho for dark and light incubation periods. However, Sanlim 6-Ho and Nongki 3-Ho recorded the maximized fungal growth under light condition. In fruiting periods the ergosterol contents were lowered in the three strains. Intra- and extracellular enzymes during cultural and fruiting periods were also characterized. The activity of Mn-peroxidase and laccase, which are characteristics enzymes for white rot fungi as lignin degrading enzymes, were determined as a high level overall the periods. As cellulose degrading indicators, the activity of CMCase, avicelase, xylanase and glucanase were detectable in initial incubation period.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.735-741
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• 2011

Bealmijang is a short-term fermented regional product that is prepared with soybean and extra ingredients. In this study, starter strain candidates were screened from Bealmijang for fermented soybean paste products. Twenty one bacterial strains producing extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, xylanase and lipase) were isolated from Bealmijang, buckwheat sokseongjang. The isolates were assessed for fibrinolytic and antibacterial activities, and salt tolerance. Strain HJ18-4, identified as Bacillus subtilis (AB601598) by biochemical properties (89.6%) and 16S rDNA sequencing (100%), showed the highest enzymatic, fibrinolytic, and antibacterial activities among the isolates. Although the growth of HJ18-4 was inhibited by the increase of NaCl concentration, the growth still exceeded that of B. subtilis KACC 10114 at 5% and 10% NaCl. These results suggest that B. subtilis HJ18-4 is suitable as a starter for soybean paste manufacture.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1979

In order to investigate the compositional change of the lauan and pine sawdust media during the coltivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) chemical components of the two media and mushroom were analized periodically from spawning to ending. The results are summerized as follows: 1) The total yield of mushroom from the lauan sawdust media was 6.39 kg/$m^2$, and from the Pine saw-dust media 6.31 kg/$m^2$, 94％ of which was produced from the first and second cropping period. 2) In both media ash content increased gradually, while organic matter content decreased as the cultivation progressed. Moisture content, which was about 79％ at the time of spawning, decreased a little during the priod of mycelial propagation, after which no change was observed. 3) Total nitrogen content of the two media decreased gradually as the cultivation progressed, and total loss of insoluble nitrogen was greater than that of soluble nitrogen. Amino nitrogen content tended to increase continually. 4) In both media pentosan, $\alpha$-cellulose, lignin and C/N ratio decreased gradually, while the content of reduced sugar, trehalose and mannitol continued to increase. 5) In both media phosphorus, potassium, manganese and zinc decreased, and magnecium, calcium, iron and copper showed irregular changes. 6) CMC-saccharifying and liquefying activity gradually increased from after mycelial propagation to the second cropping, after which it decreased in both media. Xylanase activity rapidly and greatly increased during the second cropping period rather than the first period. At the start of the third cropping period the activity decreased slowly. Protease activity was highest after mycelial propagati, after which it gradually decreased. The pH of the two media decreased as the cultivation progressed. 7) In both media little change was observed in the content of the components of mushroom cropped from the first to the third period, but slight decrease was noticed at the fourth cropping.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.374-379
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• 2003

Four rumen fistulated Murrah buffaloes were used to study the effect of four diets differing in roughage to concentrate ratio on rumen biochemical changes, microbial enzyme profile and in sacco degradability of feed in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The animals were fed four diets consisting of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 ratios of wheat straw and concentrate mixtures, respectively. Wheat straw and concentrate mixture were mixed with water (0.6 l/kg feed) and complete feed mixture was offered to the animals at 8:00 h and 16:00 h in two equal parts. The variation in pH of rumen liquor (difference of maximum and minimum during 0-8 h post feeding) increased with increasing level of concentrate mixture in the diet. There was no effect of diet composition on volatile fatty acids, total nitrogen and trichloro-acetic acid precipitable nitrogen in the rumen liquor, but ammonia nitrogen increased with increasing level of concentrate mixture in the ration. Major portions of all fibre degrading enzymes were present in the particulate material (PM) of the rumen contents, but protease was absent in PM fraction. The activities of micro-crystalline cellulase, acetyl esterase and protease increased with increase in the level of concentrate mixture, but the activities of other enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, filter paper degrading activity, xylanase, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$-xylosidase) were not affected. The in sacco degradability and effective degradability of feeds increased with increasing level of concentrate mixture in the ration.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

To define the functions of the rpf genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which regulates pathogenicity factors in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), marker-exchange mutants of each rpf gene were generated. When the mutants were inoculated on a susceptible cultivar, the lesion lengths caused by the rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG mutants were significantly smaller than those caused by the wild type, whereas those caused by the rpfA, rpfD, and rpfI mutants were not. Several virulence determinants, including extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, xylanase production, and motility, were significantly decreased in the four mutants. However, the cellulase activity in the mutants was unchanged. Complementation of the rpfB and rpfC mutations restored the virulence and the expression of the virulence determinants. Expression analysis of 14 virulence genes revealed that the expression of genes related to EPS production (gumG and gumM), LPS (xanA, xanB, wxoD, and wxoC), phytase (phyA), xylanase (xynB), lipase (lipA), and motility (pitA) were reduced significantly in the mutants rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG. In contrast, the expression of genes related to cellulase (eglxob, clsA), cellobiosidase (cbsA), and iron metabolism (fur) was unchanged. The results of this study clearly show that rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG are important for the virulence of Xoo KACC10859, and that virulence genes are regulated differently by the Rpfs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.462-469
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• 2012

A metagenomic fosmid library was constructed from genomic DNA isolated from the microbial community residing in hindguts of a wood-feeding higher termite (Microcerotermes sp.) collected in Thailand. The library was screened for clones expressing lignocellulolytic activities. Fourteen independent active clones (2 cellulases and 12 xylanases) were obtained by functional screening at pH 10.0. Analysis of shotgun-cloning and pyrosequencing data revealed six ORFs, which shared less than 59% identity and 73% similarity of their amino acid sequences with known cellulases and xylanases. Conserved domain analysis of these ORFs revealed a cellulase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 5, whereas the other five xylanases showed significant identity to diverse families including families 8, 10, and 11. Interestingly, one fosmid clone was isolated carrying three contiguous xylanase genes that may comprise a xylanosome operon. The enzymes with the highest activities at alkaline pH from the initial activity screening were characterized biochemically. These enzymes showed a broad range of enzyme activities from pH 5.0 to 10.0, with pH optimal of 8.0 retaining more than 70% of their respective activities at pH 9.0. The optimal temperatures of these enzymes ranged from $50^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. This study provides evidence for the diversity and function of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in the termite gut microbial community, which could be of potential use for industrial processes such as pulp biobleaching and denim biostoning.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.3 s.78
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• pp.206-213
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• 1996

Talaromyces luteus 2004, a thermophilic mutant of T. luteus 6112 was obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. T. luteus 2004 produced thermophilic carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and other polysaccharide enzymes: avicellase, xylanase, and ${\beta}-glucosidase$. Induction of CMCase production was shown at the highest level in 3% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) minimal broth, indicating that CMC could work as an inducer. However, glucose and D-cellobiose showed catabolite repression for CMCase production which was under the control of CMC utilization. Optimal conditions for CMCase activity were at $70^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, suggesting that CMCase of T. luteus 2004 was a thermophilic enzyme.