• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2006

Gastrodia elata Blume is a major imp0l1ant medicinal resource in Korea. In order to confirm the biological activities of Gastrodia elata Blume, we carried out various in vitro assays. Of them, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities were detected from assays. The prototype of Gastrodia elata Blume extracts was used for 1he evaluation of DPPH, FRAP, hydroxyradical scavenging assay as anti-oxidant assays, as well as anti-tumor asctivities as wound assay and invasion assay. As a result, the prototype of Gastrodia elata Blume extracts showed potent anti-oxidative activity and anti-tumor activity in vitro. These above results suggest that 1he Gastrodia elata Blume extracts could have potential to alleviate oxidation process, cell motility activity, and tumorigenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 1993

When monoclonal antibodies are used in radioimmunoassay or immunoscintigraphic studies, post-labelling immunoreativity is a critical parameter. $^{125}I$ was incorporated to CEA-79 (anti CEA monoclonal antibody developed in Korea) by chloramine T and iodogen method with variable specific activities from $0.1{\mu}Ci/{\mu}g$ to $100{\mu}Ci/{\mu}g$. We used a new method to evaluate the immunoreactivites of modified antibody relative to the unlabelled native antibody from competitive binding assay. The effect of immunoreactivity and specific activity to the sensitivity of radioimmunometric assay was also evaluated. As a result, chloramine T method was better than iodogen method in radioiodination of CEA-79, because the immunoreactivity of antibody was relatively well reserved and more stable. New competitive binding assay was simple and effective to evaluate the change of immunoreactivity in radiolabelling. Antibody with high immunoreactivity and high specific activity improved the sensitivity of radioimmunometric assay, whereas antibody with high specific activity but low immunoreactivity didn't. The immunoreactivity and specific activity should be optimized according to the clinical un, and competitive binding method is useful in selection of optimal radiolabelling assay.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of Ssanghwa-tang (Shu$\bar{a}$nghu$\bar{a}$-g$\bar{e}$ng) on oxidation/reduction reaction-related and aging-related enzymes $in$ $vitro$. Methods : We performed MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition assay. Results : The 50% ethanol (EtOH) extract of Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) showed 55% inhibition of collagenase activity, and 42% inhibition of elastase activity at 1 mg/ml concentration. Also it's treatment showed 18% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, to relate whitening effect, at the same dose of 50% ethanol extract of SHT. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, XO inhibiting activity and SOD-like activity. These scavenging, XO-inhibiting and SOD-like activities were measured in 80%, 75%, and 28% inhibitions, respectively, at a 1 mg/ml treated dose, compared to those of control. The inhibitory effects of 50% EtOH extract on aging and oxidation-related enzyme activities were higher than those of water extract and 95% EtOH extract. Conclusions : Taken together, our findings suggest that the SHT has potential and applicable benefits for development of cosmetics to have anti-aging (anti-wrinkle and whitening) and anti-oxidation functions.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

This study was performed to analyze the antibacterial activity against food hazardous microorganisms and antimutagenic effects of Sanguisorba officinalis L. ethanol extracts on Salmonella Typhimurium TA100. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by paper disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and optical density of the culture with the ethanol extract for 24 hr. Antibacterial activity was tested with seven microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The paper disc diffusion assay showed distinct clear inhibition zones around the discs treated with the extract for five microorganisms, except Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7. MIC values were 0.625-2.5 mg/mL for these five strains that showed clear zones. The time-kill assay was consistent with the results from the paper disc diffusion assay and MIC test. Additionally, antimutagenicity of the extract was determined using the Ames test. The ethanol extract at 5 mg/plate inhibited 72.42% and 89.85% of mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and sodium azide, respectively. These results demonstrate that the ethanol extract from S. officinalis L. has remarkable antibacterial activity and antimutagenicity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.738-749
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• 2022

Background: Ginseng possesses antitumor effects, and ginsenosides are considered to be one of its main active chemical components. Ginsenosides can further be hydrolyzed to generate secondary saponins, and 20(R)-panaxotriol is an important sapogenin of ginsenosides. We aimed to synthesize a new ginsengenin derivative from 20(R)-panaxotriol and investigate its antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Here, 20(R)-panaxotriol was selected as a precursor and was modified into its derivatives. The new products were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and HR-MS and evaluated by molecular docking, MTT, luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, colony formation assay, EdU labeling and immunofluorescence, apoptosis assay, cells migration assay, transwell assay and in vivo antitumor activity assay. Results: The derivative with the best antitumor activity was identified as 6,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycinate (A11). The focus of this research was on the antitumor activity of the derivatives. The efficacy of the derivative A11 (IC₅₀ < 0.3 µM) was more than 100 times higher than that of 20(R)- panaxotriol (IC₅₀ > 30 µM). In addition, A11 inhibited the protein expression and nuclear accumulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α in HeLa cells under hypoxic conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, A11 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells, while promoting their apoptosis. Notably, the inhibition by A11 was more significant than that by 20(R)-panaxotriol (p < 0.01) in vivo. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the production of derivative A11 from 20(R)-panaxotriol and its superior antitumor activity compared to its precursor. Moreover, derivative A11 can be used to further study and develop novel antitumor drugs.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.258.1-258.1
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• 2003

The Dystaenia takeshimana (Nak.) Kitagawa is distributed in Ulreung island and it is an endemic species in korea. The MeOH extract from the root of D. takeshimana (Nak.) Kitagawa shows a good activity in anti-inflammatory assay (sPLA2IIA inhibition assay, COX-2 inhibition assay, 5-LO inhibition assay). (omitted)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2002

Runx2, a Runt-related osteoblast-specific transcription factor, is essential for osteoblast differentiation and function. Runx2 was identified as a key regulator of osteoblast-specific gene expression through its binding to the OSE2 element present in these genes. However, little is known about the signaling mechanism regulating Runx2 activity. This study examines the role of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in regulating Runx2 and bone marker genes (osteopontin; OP, osteocalcin; OC). Luciferase assay and Northern blot analysis suggested that the stimulation of PKC by PMA increased transcription activity of Runx2 and bone marker genes (OP and OC) and also increased expression of Runx2. The stimulation of MAPK by okadaic acid increased transcription activity of Runx2 and bone marker genes (OP and OC). Pretreatment with PD98059 (Erk pathway inhibitor) and SB203580 (P38 pathway inhibitor) prior to PMA treatment decreased PMA stimulated Runx2 activity. Together these results indicate that both PKC and MAPKs are involved in the regulation of Runx2 activity and also the stimulation of Runx2 transcriptional activity by the PKC pathway is through activation of MAPK pathway.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease. can be formed as only a few comedons or severe inflammatory lesions. The pathogenesis of acne involves various factors; excessive androgen, excessive sebum production, abnormal alteration of follicular epithelium, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and inflammation. We investigated acne therapy using oriental herbs described in the Korean traditional medical book(Dong-ui-bo-gam). Oriental herbs(Angelica daurica, Arctium lappa, Coptidis rhizoma, and Glycyrrhiza glabra) were chosen based on their respective property of sebum control, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-bacterial activity. We examined the effect of acne treatment, in terms of chemotactic inhibition, lipogenesis inhibition, and anti-bacterial activity for P. acnes. 1. Neutrophil chemotaxis assay; P. acnes secrete chemotactic factors and other pro-inflammatory extracellular products. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of P. acnes was measured by 48-well chemotaxis method. Angelica daurica clearly suppressed chemotactic activity of P. acnes. 2. Using sebaceous gland of hamster ear lipogenesis assay; Sebaceous lipogenesis was measured using ear biopsies by incubation or $C^{14}$-acetate in culture media. The $C^{14}$-labeled lipids were extracted and determined by liquid scintilation counting. Coptidis rhizoma markedly inhibited sebum production. 3. Anti-bacterial assay for P. acnes(MIC test); Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity. P. acnes did not develop resistance against Glycyrrhiza glabra. Retinoids are effectively to inhibit sebum production and regulate follicular keratinization process, with little anti-inflammatory activity. Angelica daurica suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis, Coptidis rhizoma inhibited sebum production, and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity against P. acnes. A combined formulation of Angelica daurica, Coptidis rhizoma. and Glycyrrhiza glabra is expected to provide effective acne treatment.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease. can be formed as only a few comedons or severe inflammatory lesions. The pathogenesis of acne involves various factors; excessive androgen, excessive sebum production, abnormal alteration of follicular epithelium, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and inflammation. We investigated acne therapy using oriental herbs described in the Korean traditional medical book (Dong-ui-bo-gam). Oriental herbs (Angleica daurica. Arctium lappa. Coptidis rhizoma, and glycyrrhiza glabra) were chosen based on their respective property of sebum control, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-bacterial activity. We examined the effect of acne treatment, in terms of chemotactic inhibition, lipogenesis inhibition, and anti-bacterial activity for P. acnes. 1. Neutrophil chemotaxis assay ; P acnes secrete chemotactic factors and other pro-inflammatory extracellular products. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of P. acnes was measured by 48-well chemotaxis method. Angelica daurica clearly suppressed chemotactic activity of P. acens. 2. Using sebaceous gland of hamster ear lipogenesis assay; Sebaceous lipogenesis was measured using ear biopsies by incubation of $C^{14}$ -acetate in culture media. The $C^{14}$ -labeled lipids were extracted and determined by liquid scintilation counting, Coptidis rhizoma markedly inhibited sebum production, 3. Anti-bacterial assay for P. acnes (MIC test) Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity. P. acnes did not develop resistance against Glycyrrhiza glabra. Retinoids are effectively to inhibit sebum production and regulate follicular keratinization process, with little anti-inflammatory activity. Angelica daurica suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis. Coptidis rhizoma inhibited sebum production, and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity against P. acnes. A combined formulation of Angelica daurica. Coptidisr hizoma and Glycyrrhiza glabra is expected to provide effective acne treatment.ent.ive acne treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.375-380
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• 2017

Background: The objective of this study were to determine the antibacterial activity and antibiotic activity-enhancing effect of 70% ethanol extract of the root of Rumex japonicus Houtt. and its fractions when used in combination with gentamicin against aerobic skin flora. Methods and Results: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic (gentamicin) activity enhancing effect against aerobic skin flora were determined using the disc diffusion assay. Chloroform fraction (CF) and ethyl acetate fraction (EF) showed higher activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis than those shown by other fractions. Regarding the antibiotic (gentamicin) activity-enhancing effect against aerobic skin flora, the n-hexane fraction (HF) and CF showed strong activity. The combination of HF and CF with gentamicin was evaluated using the broth dilution assay to determine the inhibitory effect on the growth of aerobic skin flora. The combination of CF with gentamicin exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and S. epdermidis. MTT assay performed to determine the viability of L929 cells revealed that EF treatment resulted in viability of 33.96 - 116.76% at the tested concentration. The combination of 70% ethanol extract and its other fractions with gentamicin showed low cell toxicity. Conclusions: Appropriate use of antimicrobial agents is important prior to the development of new antibiotics. The 70% ethanol extract of the root of R. japonicus Houtt. and its fractions showed significant synergism with gentamicin when used in combination against S. aureus and S. epdermidis. Thus, R. japonicus Houtt. could be used as a functional materials in antimicrobial-related fields.