• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1992

This paper dealt with plasmid DNA profile in 98 Salmonella(S) isolated from pigs and cattle sources in Taegu, Gyeongbook and Gyeongnam during the period from 1984 to 1987. Also we were studied for restriction enzyme analysis of the plasmid DNA, and mouse infection, Sereny test and normal setum resistance test in guinea pig for S typhimurium and S enteritidis harbored or cured 60 megadalton(Md) plasmid and 36 Md plasmid, respectively. Of the 13 Salmonella isolated from cattle, 7 Salmonella harbored one or more plasmids and molecular sizes of the large plasmids were 60 Md for S typhimurium and 36 Md for S enteritidis. Of the 85 Salmonella isolated from pigs, 47 Salmonella were confirmed as being one or more plasmids, and all the S typimurium stains harbored 60 Md plasmid. In enzyme digestion with 8 types of restriction endonuclease for 60 Md plasmid DNA of S typhimurium, cleavage patterns were varied to enzymes, and the DNA was segmented into 4 to 15 fragments. In restriction enzyme analysis of 36 Md plasmid DNA obtained from four strains of S. enteritidis, the DNA showed the same cleavage patterns obtained with Eco RI, Hind III and Bam H I, and was segmented into 3 to 5 fragments. In virulence for mice by measuring the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), the $LD_{50}$ values obtained for 60 Md virulence-associated plasmid harbored strains of S typhimurium and 36 Md virulence-associated plasmid of S enteritidis were up to $10^4$-fold lower than the values obtained for the plasmid-cured strains of the same serotype. Only the plasmid harbored strains were resistant to the bactericidal activity of 90% guinea pig serum, and only they gave positive responses in sereny test. We suggested that their plasmid DNA might be associated with virulence for mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1975

Changes of urinary aldosterone excretion, concurrent sodium and potassium excretion following furosemide administration were studied in normotensive young Korean with high sodium intake, moderate sodium restriction and marked sodium depletion. After intravenous injection of furosemd 40mg, plasma and urine samples were collected at every thirty minutes for two hours. Plasma-and urinary aldosterone, electrolyte concentration and urine flow rate were measured by means of radioimmunoassay or flamephotometry. Relations of urinary aldosterone to concurrent sodium or potassium/sodium ratio, and of urinary aldosterone to concurrent plasma aldosterone activity were studied. Following were the results: 1. Furosemide administration resulted in a increased urinary aldosterone concentration and unchanged or somewhat decreased sodium concentration in course of time after the injection. 2. Urinary potassium concentration showed initial decrease and subsequent increase in course of time after furosemide administration and it resulted in a gradual increase in urinary potassium/sodium ratio. 3. Studying the relations between urinary aldosterone excretion and potassium/sodium excretion ratio, or sodium excretion were meaningless because of the urinary flow rate after the injection was decreased with time course. 4. Furosemide administration showed a good relationship of urinary aldosterone concentration to concurrent potassium/sodium ratio rather than concurrent sodium concentration in subjects with sodium restriction, but no meaningful relationship was detected in subjects with high sodium intake because increasing rate of the ratio was not so wide. 5. Furosemide also resulted a reasonable relation of plasma aldosterone concentration to concurrent urinary aldosterone concentration especially during low sodium intake. 6. Above results suggested that relation of urinary aldosterone concentration to K/Na ratio following furosemide administration during sodium restriction is significant and has a benefit to reduce the variation induced by kalemic change showing in the diragram for daily aldosterone to sodium excretion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. Purpose: Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. Results: Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. Conclusions: serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

Dietary restriction (DR) is the most efficacious intervention for retarding the deleterious effects of aging. DR increases longevity, decreases the occurrence and severity of age-related diseases, and retards the physiological decline associated with aging. The beneficial effects of DR have been mostly studied in non-neuronal tissues. However, several studies have showed that DR attenuate neuronal loss after several different insults including exposure to kainate, ischemia, and MPTP. Moreover, administration of the non-metabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) could mimic the neuroprotective effect of DR in rodent, presumably by limiting glucose availability at the cellular level. Based on the studies of chemically induced DR, it has been proposed that the mechanism whereby DR and 2DG protect neurons is largely mediated by stress response proteins such as HSP70 and GRP78 which are increased in neurons of rats and mice fed a DR regimen. In addition, DR, as mild metabolic stress, could lead to the increased activity in neuronal circuits and thus induce expression of neurotrophic factors. Interestingly, such increased neuronal activities also enhance neurogenesis in the brains of adult rodents. In this review, we focus on what is known regarding molecular mechanisms of the protective role of DR in neurodegenerative diseases and aging process. Also, we propose that DR is a mild cellular stress that stimulates production of neurotrophic factors, which are major regulators of neuronal survival, as well as neurogenesis in adult brain.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

Hot air sparging is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants volatilized into hot air from the saturated to vadose zone. In the laboratory diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg) was spiked in contaminated saturated aquifer soil. The hot air ($34.9{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$) was injected in intermittent (Q=1,500 mL/min, 10 minute injection and 10 minute idle) modes. We performed microcosm tests using the groundwater samples to assess TPH reductive remediation activity. For Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of eubacterial communities in sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soil of experiment site, the 16S rDNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from the sludge and the soil. The obtained 16S rDNA fragments were digested with Msp I and separated by electrophoresis gel. We found various sequence types for hot air sparging experiment with sludge soil samples that were closely related to Bacillus (149 bp, Firmicutes), Methlobacterium (149 bp, Euryarchaeotes), Pseudomonas (492 bp, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria), etc., in the clone library. In this study we find that TPH-water was reduced to 78.9% of the initial value in this experiment aquifer. The results of the present study suggests that T-RFLP method may be applied as a useful tool for the monitoring in the TPH contaminated soil fate of microorganisms in natural microbial community.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1977

In the previous study of the release, excretion, and plasma concentration of aldosterone in normal Koreans, the author found that urinary aldosterone excretion and aldosterone secretion rate of the Korean who usually take high amount of salt are significantly lower, in compared to Americans, although the plasma concentration is only tended to be low. The control of plasma aldosterone level depends on the secretion rate and the metabolic clearance of the hormone. In this experiments, the metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone was determined in normotensive korean and the effects of adrenal stimulations on the rates were also studied in the same subjects. The metabolic clearance rate of the normal Korean was not significantly different from those of the American, and shown a little increase in response to sodium restriction. These results indicate that the decrease in secretion rate rather than the increase in metabolic clearance Tate is the major factor maintaining lower plasma aldosterone level. After furosemide diuresis, on the contrary, the removal of aldosterone showed significant the decrease despite slight increase of secretion rate. This suggest that the reduction in metabolic clearance rate of the hormone during volume depletion found to be major cause of high plasma concentration. Additional potassium supply produced detectable decrease of metabolic clearance rate, but the changes were smaller than that of secretion rate, which suggested that the higher secretion rate could account for elevated plasma concentration of aldosterone rather than metabolic clearance. Above results also support author's previous evidences that the normal Korean who already adapted to a high sodium diet have ability to produce adequate aldosterone activity without producing detectable changes on the metabolic clearance rate under the condition of sodium restriction with approp riate potassium intake.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.248-260
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• 2023

This study provides basic data when planning nutrition support for healthy aging by revealing the relationship between various symptoms in the elderly and nutrient intake. From the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from senior citizens aged 65 years or older in 2021 were used, and answers on the depression prevalence, activity restrictions, complaints of discomfort when chewing, and nutrient intake were analyzed through SPSS multiple logistic regression analysis. In the case of depression, there was a significant effect on the intake of four of the 20 nutrients (water, protein, cholesterol, and vitamin E). When experiencing activity restrictions, the intake of eight of the 20 nutrients (phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin D, beta-carotene, retinol, thiamine, and niacin) was affected. When experiencing chewing discomfort, the intake of three of the 20 nutrients (fat, magnesium, and vitamin E) was affected. Elderly people who suffer from depression, activity restrictions, and discomfort with chewing are at risk of various nutrient deficiencies, and related studies need to be conducted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2006

Inherited metabolic disease is rare disorders that show symptoms mainly in pediatric age and early treatment is important for preventing complications of the disease. Recent development in molecular and biochemical techniques help clinicians with proper diagnosis of patients, however, many of the disease still remain lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Better understanding on biochemical and molecular basis of pathogenesis of the disease combined with advanced medical care would provide new sight on the disease that can also improve the quality of life and long-term prognosis of patients. Traditionally, there are several modalities in the treatment of metabolic diseases depend on the biochemical basis of the disease such as diet restriction, removing or blocking the production of toxic metabolites, and stimulating residual enzyme activity. The inherited metabolic disease is not familiar for many clinicians because the diagnosis is troublesome, treatment is complicated and prognosis may not as good as expected in other diseases. Recently, new therapeutic regimens have been introduced that can significantly improve the medical care of patients with metabolic disease. Enzyme replacement therapy has showed promising efficacy for lysosomal storage disease, bone marrow transplantation is effective in some disease and gene therapy has been trying for different diseases. The new trials for treatment of the disease will give us promising insight on the disease and most clinicians should have more interest in medical progress of the metabolic disease.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

Chlorella viruses are large icosahedral, plaque-forming, dsDNA viruses that infect certain unicellular, chlorellalike green algae. The genomic DNA of over 300 kb contains many useful genes and promoters. Over 40 chlorella viruses have been isolated from fresh water in Korea since 1998. The viruses were amplified initially in chlorella strain NC64A, and pure isolates were obtained by repeated plaque isolation. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed similar but distinct protein patterns, both among the group of purified viruses and in comparison with the prototype chlorella virus PBCV-1. Digestions of the 330- to 350-kb genomic DNAs with 10 restriction enzymes revealed different restriction fragment patterns among the isolates. The tRNA-coding regions of 8 chlorella viruses were cloned and sequenced. These viruses contain 14-16 tRNA genes within a 1.2- to 2-kb region, except for the SS-1 isolate, which has a 1039-bp spacer in a cluster of 11 tRNA genes. Promoter regions of several early genes were isolated and their activities were analyzed in transformed chlorella. Some promoters showed stronger activity than commonly used CaMV 35S promoter and chlorella transformation vectors for heterologous protein are beings constructed using these promoters.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.101-119
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• 2013

This study examined the relationship among preschoolers' temperament, parenting sense of competence, and mothers' parenting behavior. It also examined the mediating effects of parenting sense of competence on the relationship between preschoolers' temperament and mothers' parenting behavior. A total of 155 mothers with preschoolers aged 3 to 4(83 boys and 72 girls), living in Seoul, participated in this study. The mothers completed questionnaires designed to measure preschoolers' temperament, parenting sense of competence, and mothers' parenting behavior. The results indicated that preschoolers' temperament and mothers' parenting sense of competence were significantly related to warmth/acceptance and rejection/restriction. Additionally, preschoolers' temperament was significantly related to parental efficacy and dissatisfaction. Furthermore, parenting sense of competence mediated the relationship between preschoolers' temperament and mothers' parenting behavior. In particular, it was found that parental efficacy fully mediated the relationship between preschoolers' activity level and mothers' rejection/restriction. These findings imply that improving mothers' parenting sense of competence needs to be emphasized in designing prevention and intervention programs aimed at enhancing mothers' positive parenting behavior.