• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2021

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. While obesity is known to increase a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, it also acts as a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). During childhood and adolescence, severe obesity is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of the early stages of kidney disease. Importantly, children born to obese mothers are also at increased risk of developing obesity and CKD later in life. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and CKD include hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity. Weight reduction via increased physical activity, caloric restriction, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and judicious bariatric surgery can be used to control obesity and obesity-related kidney disease. Preventive strategies to halt the obesity epidemic in the healthcare community are needed to reduce the widespread deleterious consequences of obesity including CKD development and progression.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

Objectives : NK cells are spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes. These are not only important parts in the first line of defence against bacterial and viral infections of outside, but they may also play a critical role in chronic viral diseases. NK cells kill their targets spontaneously, without the need for prior sensitization and class I MHC restriction by the regulation of cytolytic functions and secretion of a variety of cytokines, such as interleukin-12(IL-12), MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$. In addition, macrophage and NK cells cooperate through the production of cell mediates. These cooperation and modulation are one of major factors to prevent for evading immune surveillance of cancer. Hence, it could be assumed that if any candidate to enhance activities of macrophage and NK cell, it is considered as a potentially useful agents against cancer. Methods : In our study, to investigate effect of fermented soybean extracts by Lactic acid bacteria (SFE, soybean fermented extracts) work on intestinal immune cell to maintain general immune modulating and anti-cancer activity. We analyzed NK cytotoxicity assay and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : In vitro experiment, SFE was verified as safety material for cell toxicicty to tumor cell strain without any toxicity of tumor growth inhibition and various cell strain. Effects of macrophage activity stimulating directly by SFE measured induced cytokine. The studies showed that IL-12 production by stimulation of SFE depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 0.63mg/mL with non toxicity to cell, and it was the best activity at 0.63mg/mL. Besides, the effective concentration of SFE producing TNF-${\alpha}$ is similar to IL-12, but it was the best activity at 1.25mg/mL. The level of MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 10mg/mL, IFN-${\gamma}$ showed the best activity at the effective concentration of 0.63mg/mL. With the result of NK cell activity measurement, the spleen cell of mouse injected SFE had 1.5 times higher killing effect than non injected cell. Conclusions : The result of this studies is that Soybean fermetated extracts(SFE) has possibility to immune aided material for the function not only inhibition of microbial infection to macrophage but also activity of adaption immune and cellular immune system.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.743-749
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• 1994

{\beta}-carotene$은 비타민 A 활성형인 retinol로 전환되어 그 기능을 수행하는 영양소로 알려져있지만 {\beta}-carotene$ 자체로서의 생리적, 영양학적 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 {\beta}-carotene$을 수준별로 공급하여 체내의 지질대사와 항산화 효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 계획되었으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 간 미토콘드리아에서의 과산화지지르이 함량은 제한군과 과잉 공급군이 다른 처리군들에비해서 상대적인 증가를 보였고 BC 2군에서 가장 낮은 값을 나태내었다. SOD의 활성은 {\beta}-carotene$ 제한군이 공급군에 비해서 유의적으로 증가하여 SOD 활성에 대한 {\beta}-carotene$의 조절효과를 보여주었고 catalase와 GSH-Px의 활성에 대한 {\beta}-carotene$의 조절효과를 보여주었고 catalase와 GSH-Px의 활성은 과잉 공급군의 경우 가장 낮은 값을 보여주었다. {\beta}-carotene$ 공급에 따른 지질 함량의 변화는 간의 경우에 총지질 함량은 {\beta}-carotene$ 공급에 따라 감소하였고 중성지질은 전 군에서 유의적인 차이가 보이지 않았으며 인지질은 BC 2군과 BC 3군에서 유의적으로 낮은 값을 보였다. 콜레스테롤 함량은 BC 1군에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 혈장에서는 {\beta}-carotene$ 공급이 증가함에 따라 중성지질의 함 은 증가하는 경향이었고 HDL-콜레스테롤은 BC 4군에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량비는 {\beta}-carotene$ 공급에 따라 증가되었으나 과잉공급군에서 제한군과 같은 수준으로 감소되었다. 이상의 결과에서와 같이 12,000mg의 {\beta}-carotene$을 급여한 군에서는 지질대사 관련효소 활성도와 체내 지질함량이 적정량을 급여한 군에 비해 크게 변화하였으나 10~1,200mg을 급여한 실험군들 사이에서는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 {\beta}-carotene$의 정량적 평가를 위한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 본다.하다고 본다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.412-423
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation after normal vaginal delivery. The data were collected from November 1999 to April 2000 at a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. Out of 49 women with normal vaginal delivery, 25 of experimental group(with exercise) and 24 of control group(without exercise) were questioned about lower urinary symptoms, discomfort during sexual intercourse and daily life. The maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction(MPPFMC) and duration of pelvic floor muscle contraction(DPFMC) were measured at pre-treatment, the end of treatment and 8 weeks after a treatment program. The pelvic floor muscle exercise program(using biofeedback and electrical stimulation) was applied to the experimental group twice a week for 4 weeks at the incontinence clinic and the pelvic floor muscle exercise at home for that time and more 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and the repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1) MPPFMC(p=0.000) and DPFMC(p=0.021) were significantly increased in the experimental group. 2) In the lower urinary symptoms, daily frequency(p=0.001), nocturia(p=0.002), incontinence episode(p=0.016), stress incontinence(p=0.012), quantity of incontinence(p=0.026), straining(p=0.041), and strength of stream(p=0.009) were significantly decreased in the experimental group. 3) Discomfort during sexual intercourse had not a significant difference between the two groups, which was not significantly decreased as time passed. 4) In the discomfort during daily life, activity restriction(p=0.042), exercise restriction (p=0.008), interpersonal relationship restriction(p=0.046), and discomfort of general life(p=0.027) showed a significant difference between the two groups, which were not significantly decreased as time passed. In conclusion, it is suggested that the pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation might be a safer and more effective program for the improvement of postpartum pelvic muscle contraction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on the function, anti-oxidation capability and acute phase protein synthesis of ovine liver. Methods: Eighteen time-mated ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d), n = 6) and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6). The feed restriction period was from 90 days to 140 days of pregnancy. Results: The ewe's body weight, liver weights, water, and protein content of liver in the restricted groups were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05), but the liver fat contents in the RG1 group were higher than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The increased hepatic collagen fibers and reticular fibers were observed in the restricted groups with the reduction of energy intake. The concentrations of nonesterified free fatty acids in the RG1 and RG2 groups were higher than those of the CG group with the reduction of energy intake (p<0.05), but there were decreased concentrations of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in both restricted groups compared with the CG group (p<0.05). In addition, the increased concentrations of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase were found in the RG1 group, and the concentrations of cholinesterase in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). For the concentrations of acute phase proteins, the C-reactive protein (CRP) in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group, but there were no differences in haptoglobin relative to the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: The fat accumulation, increased hepatic fibrosis, antioxidant imbalance and modified synthesis of acute phase proteins were induced in ewe's liver by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy, which were detrimental for liver function to accommodate pregnancy.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

본 연구는 1인가구내 집단별 이질성에 주목하여 중년층 1인가구의 사회적 배제가 어떠한 하위집단으로 유형화되는지를 잠재계층분석을 통해 파악하고 사회적 배제 유형에 작용하는 예측요인을 살펴봄으로써 사회적 배제를 극복할 수 있는 정책 방안을 마련하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 제14차 한국복재패널 자료를 활용하여 총 361명의 중년1인가구를 대상으로 잠재계층분석 및 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 중년1인가구의 사회적 배제지표는 6차원 10개지표로 구성되어 측정되었다. 분석결과는 중년1인가구는 '비배제형'(29.6%), '건강제한형'(14.3%), '교류제한 및 중위험다중배제형'(12.0%), '소득·건강배제형'(14.1%), '고위험다중배제형'(30.0%) 등 5가지 유형으로 나타났다. 응답자의 70%이상이 사회적 배제를 경험하고 있고 대부분 배제유형이 다중배제 상태였다. 각 배제유형에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과 '주관적 건강수준'이 공통된 주요 예측요인이었고, 가족교류, 연령, 여가활동만족도 변인이 '고위험다중배제형'과 '교류제한 및 중위험다중배제형'의 유의한 예측요인으로 확인되었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 중년1인가구의 사회적 배제 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 다차원적 개입전략이 필요하고 '건강'과 교류 강화를 위한 실천적 방안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2002

A line of study reported that electroacupuncture(EA) modulate natural killer cell(NK Cell) activities. One report suggested that EA enhanced splenic interferon-gamma($IFN-{\gamma}$), interleukin-2(IL-2), and NK cell activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Another study suggested that $IFN-{\gamma}$ mediates the up-regulation of NK cell activity, and endogenous ${\beta}$-endorphin secretion also play a role in the up-regulation of NK cell activity induced by EA stimulation. In order to better understand the molecular regulation underlying the activation of NK cell induced by EA, we have utilized cDNA microarray to elucidate how EA alters program of gene expression of spleen in rats. First, we divided three groups, group I was EA group treated with EA in restriction holder, group II was sham group with only holder stress, and last group III was control group with no treatment. We measured NK cell activity after EA stimulation three times for 2 days using $^{51}Cr$ release assay. Second, Biotin-labeled cDNA probes synthesized from EA group and sham group, were competitively hybridized to the microarray that contained variable genes. Such high-throughput screening has identified a number of EA-responsive gene candidates. Of these, we found that EA induced a subset of genes of genes that functionally could modulatory effects on NK cell activity. Genes(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, protein-tyrosine kinase, CD94 mRNA) related to boost NK cell activity, were increased by EA And, genes(protein-tyrosine-phospatase mRNA, protein-tyrosine phosphatase(SHP-1) mRNA) related to inhibit NK cell activity, were decreased by EA. These EA-responsive genes may provide key insights from which to understand mechanisms of activation of NK cell induced by EA.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2021

본 연구는 경제활동여부에 따른 노인의 삶의 질 영향 요인을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구대상자는 제 7기 국민건강영양조사 대상자 중 65세 이상 노인 5,991명이다. 본 연구의 변수는 인구사회학적 특성, 신체적·심리적 요인으로 구성되었으며, 자료 분석은 IBM SPSS 25.0 프로그램의 복합표본 분석을 이용하였다. 본 연구결과 경제활동을 하는 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 준 요인은 성별, 연령, 외래이용횟수, 관절염, 활동제한, 주관적 건강, 스트레스이었고 이들의 설명력은 34.2%이었다(p<.001). 경제활동을 하지 않는 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 준 요인은 성별, 연령, 입원 횟수, 고혈압, 관절염, 청각장애, 저작불편감, 활동제한, 주관적 건강과 스트레스이었고 이들의 설명력은 35.5%이었다(p<.001). 본 연구결과는 노인의 삶의 질 중재 시 경제활동에 따른 삶의 질 영향요인에 대한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 경제활동여부에 따른 노인 삶의 질 향상 중재가 요구된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 인간의 Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS)의 cDNA를 클로닝하여 발현시키기 위해 수행하였다. 먼저, 인간의 PARS cDNA 전체를 포함한 pPARS3.1을 pGEM-7Zf(+) 등의 발현 벡터 클로닝하였다. 이 결과로 생성된 재조합 플라스미드 pPARS6.1이 인간의 PARS cDNA 전체를 포함하고, 올바른 방향으로 삽입되었는지를 확인하기 위해 제한효소 지도를 작성하였고, random primed DNA probe을 이용한 Southern blot 분석에 의해서 PARS가 클로닝되었다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 염기서열 분석 결과, 단백질 합성이 시작되는 유전 암호가 정확한 순서로 위치하고 있음을 확인하였다. 재조합된 pPARS6.1의 발현을 위해 배양시 0.4 mM IPTG로 처리하여 만들어진 인간의 PARS 단백질이 10% SDS-PAGE에서 120 kDa 위치에 이동하였다는 것을 nick-translated된 DNA를 probe로 이용하여 확인하였고, Southwestern blot 실험 결과 120 kDa과 98kDa에 위치하는 단백질이 DNA와 결합함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2082-2089
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• 2015

Avian beta-defensin 9 (AvBD9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. Owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, AvBD9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. Using the preferred codon of Pichia pastoris, the mature AvBD9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on the sequence from GenBank. The P. pastoris constitutive expression vector pGHKα was used to construct a pGHKα-AvBD9 recombinant plasmid. Restriction enzyme digestion was performed using SacI and BglII to remove the ampicillin resistance gene, and the plasmid was electrotransformed into P. pastoris GS115. High-expression strains with G418 resistance were screened, and the culture supernatant was analyzed by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and western blot assay to identify target bands of about 6 kDa. A concentrate of the supernatant containing AvBD9 was used for determination of antimicrobial activity. The supernatant concentrate was effective against Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella pullorum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterobacter cloacae. The fermentation product of P. pastoris carrying the recombinant AvBD9 plasmid was adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/ml and added to the drinking water of white feather broilers at different concentrations. The daily average weight gain and immune organ indices in broilers older than 7 days were significantly improved by the AvBD9 treatment.