• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims at examining the immuno-modulating activity in the fermentative extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix) on the production of inflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Method : Measurements were done for the influences on the cell viability, generation of hydrogen peroxide in cells and nitric oxide (NO) generation using the macrophage of mouse with the specimen SBS as the fermentative extract of Scutellariae Radix (SBS) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV89. Result : As a result of carrying out MTT assay to check the cellular toxicity of the fermentative extract of Scutellariae Radix, any excessive toxicity to the macrophage did not occur from treatments by concentration for SBS. SBS increased the generation of hydrogen peroxide in the macrophage. SBS suppressed the NO generated in macrophages and SBS concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly suppressed the increased NO generated in LPS-stimulated macrophages. SBS concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly suppressed the generation of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and MCP-1 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that SBS has an immuno-modulating activity in macrophage activation through suppressing the generation of inflammatory substances, NO, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and MCP-1.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 화장품 신소재 개발을 위하여 맨드라미(Celosia cristata L.) 식물의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 생리활성 효과 정도 및 화장품의 응용에 대한 연구를 하였다. 맨드라미는 자생력이 강하고 전국 어디서나 재배가 용이한 장점을 가지고 있으나 세포수준이나 in vivo에서 맨드라미의 항산화 및 항노화 효과에 대한 실험 결과는 보고된 바 없다. 맨드라미 추출물의 피부 자극성을 알아보기 위해 세포 독성을 관찰하였으며 맨드라미 에탄올 추출물 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 89.5%의 비교적 낮은 세포 독성을 나타내어 사람 섬유아세포에서의 세포활성 효과가 우수하였다. DPPH를 이용한 항산화 작용측정에 있어서 맨드라미 에탄올 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 작용을 나타내었고, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 25%의 항산화력을 보였으며, silica에 의한 RAW 264.7 세포내 superoxide anion 생성을 최고 농도인 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 49.5%로 억제하여 강한 항산화력을 나타냈으며, DCF-DA를 이용한 세포내 $H_2O_2$ 생성을 측정한 실험에서에서도 맨드라미 에탄올 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 작용을 나타내어 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 73%로 강력하게 항산화력을 보였다. 또한 hydroxyl radical 생성을 모두 농도 의존적으로 억제하여 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 69.7%의 강력한 억제력을 나타내어 항산화 효능이 매우 우수하다고 보여진다. 항노화 효능에 있어서 hyaluronidase 억제 결과 농도 의존적으로 효과가 우수하여 최고 농도인 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 40%의 높은 억제율을 보였으며, 그 외 elastase에서는 39.7%의 억제율을 나타냈다. 이는 맨드라미가 hyaluronidase나 elastase발현의 전사단계에 관련하거나 혹은 단백질 번역 후 변형 (post-translation modification) 단계에 관여하여 효소를 억제하는 효과를 나타내는 것으로 추정해 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 자원의 재생산이 용이한 맨드라미의 식용 및 약용 자원으로서의 활용가능성을 시사하며, 맨드라미 추출물을 제조하여 화장품에 응용하면 우수한 보습제 및 항산화제, 노화 방지 화장품을 개발할 수 있다고 판단되어진다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2009

고령화가 진전되면서 실버세대가 경제적으로 차지하는 비율도 매우 증가하여 생산과 소비의 주체가 되는 시대로 변모하고 있다. 실버세대의 경제적 활동이 증가하는데 반해 여가 활동을 대비하는 실버 콘텐츠개발은 아직 활성화되지 못한 실정이다. 실버세대는 신체적 노화로 지각능력과 학습능력, 운동능력 등이 젊은 사람에 비해 상대적으로 낮으며, 이동성이나 활동성 면에서도 취약하기 때문에 실버세대를 위한 기능성 실버콘텐츠와 사용이 용이한 인터페이스의 개발은 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 실버세대의 여가 활용과 건강을 유지할 수 있는 하체 운동 효과를 갖는 게이트볼, 체감형 자전거, 두더지 게임 콘텐츠를 개발하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 게임으로서의 재미와 함께 실버세대의 인지능력, 신체 활동 능력에 맞는 기능적 디자인 요소를 고려하였고, 실버세대들이 사용하기 쉬운 체감형 인터페이스와 개별적인 특성에 따른 맞춤형 진행 방법을 통해 지속적인 흥미와 하체운동 효과를 유도할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

Objectives : This research aimed at studying the immuno modulating activity of Fermented Epimedii Herba (EHS). Method : The impacts on the cell viability, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) generation in cells, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level have been measured by using Raw 264.7 cells with the specimen EHS as the fermented extract of Epimedii Herba with Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV89. Result : As a result of MTT assay to confirm the cytotoxicity of extracts from fermented Epimedii Herba, the toxicity was not excessively induced in Raw 264.7 cells when EHS were processed by concentration. EHS increased hydrogen peroxide generation in Raw 264.7 cells. EHS suppressed NO generation in Raw 264.7 cells while they significantly suppressed the increase of NO generation induced by LPS in macrophage. EHS significantly decreased the generation amount of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 induced by LPS in Raw 264.7 cells at $25{\mu}g/mL$ or more. Conclusion : It appeared that the fermented extract of Epimedii Herba manufactured from Epimedii Herba significantly has the immuno modulating acitivity as it did not excessively trigger cytotoxicity to Raw 264.7 cells, increased hydrogen peroxide generation in Raw 264.7 cells, decreased NO generation in macrophage, and especially, suppressed both TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 generation in macrophage induced by LPS.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2006

Apigenin, a natural flavonoid found in a variety of vegetables and fruits, has been shown to possess many biological functions. In this study we investigated the role of apigenin in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the modulation of activity of $K^+-Cl^-$-cotransport (KCC) in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. Apigenin induced $Cl^-$-dependent $K^+$ efflux, a hallmark of KCC activity, which was markedly prevented by different kinds of KCC inhibitors (calyculin-A, genistein and $BaCl_2$). These results indicate that KCC is functionally present, and activated by apigenin in the IMR-32 cells. Treatment with apigenin also induced a sustained increase in the level of intracellular ROS. The KCC inhibitors also significantly inhibited the apigenin-induced ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest that apigenin can modulate ROS generation through the activation of a membrane ion transporter, KCC. These results further suggest that the alteration of KCC activity may play a role in the mechanism of degenerative diseases and/or carcinogenesis in neuronal tissues through the regulation of ROS production.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2009

In our ongoing search for biological components from the Korea endemic plants, the MeOH extract of Ailanthus altissima leaves (Simaroubaceae) showed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) dual inhibitory activity by assessing their effects on the production of prostaglandin $D_2$ ($PGD_2$) and leukotriene $C_4$ ($LTC_4$) in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). In further study, eight compounds, squalene (1), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (2), scopoletin (3), quercetin (4), luteolin (5), astragalin (6), scopolin (7), and daucosterol (8) were isolated, the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic data and by comparison with those of published literatures. Among the compounds, 2, 4, and 5 strongly inhibited both the COX-2-dependent PGD2 generation with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.6, 7.3 and 2.5 ${\mu}M$, respectively and the generation of $LTC_4$ in the 5-LOX dependent phase with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.0, 5.1 and 1.8 ${\mu}M$, respectively, which suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of A. altissima might occur in part via the inhibition of both $PGD_2$ and $LTC_4$ generation by 2, 4 and 5.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.788-794
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• 2016

Vinca alkaloids from plant Vinca minor have been investigated for their effects of tyrosinase inhibition, stimulation of ROS generation and increasement of cell migration activity. The methanolic crude extract and the water-soluble fraction exhibited $IC_{50}$ value of 3.1 mg/mL and 2.1 mg/mL. Vinca minor extract treatment significantly increased ROS levels in HaCaT cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments of Vinca minor extract led to increase wound closure when compared with non-treatment. Low dose (0.1% or 0.3%) of extracts have not significantly affected, compared with that in controls. By contrast, 0.5% extract have dramatic effect on wound healing activity of keratinocytes. Effects of Vinca minor extract in a filter-based cell mobility assay appear similar to that of wound closure assay, which suggests that the Vinca minor extract have wound healing effects on skin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.849-858
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• 2006

Previous screening of the pharmacological action of Gastrodia elata (GE) root (Orchidaceae) showed that methanol (MeOH) extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties. The antiinflammatory agents of GE, however, remain unclear. In this experiment, MeOH extracts of GE were fractionated with organic solvents for the anti-inflammatory activity-guided separation of GE. Eight phenolic compounds from the ether (EtOEt) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were isolated by column chromatography: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (II), benzyl alcohol (III), bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (IV), 4(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl-methylether (V), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (VI), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (VII), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (VIII). To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of these compounds, their effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema, arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and analgesic activity in acetic acid (HAc)-induced writhing response were carried out in vivo; cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL 2H3) cells and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were determined in vitro. These phenolic compounds not only had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo, but also inhibited COX activity and silica-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Among these phenolic compounds, compound VII was the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Compound VII significantly inhibited silica-induced ROS generation and compound VI significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compounds I, II and III significantly inhibited the activity of COX-I and II. These results indicate that phenolic compounds of GE are anti-inflammatory, which may be related to inhibition of COX activity and to anti-oxidant activity. Consideration of the structure-activity relationship of the phenolic derivatives from GE on the anti-inflammatory action revealed that both C-4 hydroxy and C-3 methoxy radicals of benzyl aldehyde play an important role in anti-inflammatory activities.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.533-551
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 '동일한' 문제 조건으로부터 생성과 재구성을 모두 경험할 수 있는 문제제기 활동을 적용하되, 활동을 세분화하여 학생들의 자주적인 활동을 강조한 활동과 학생들의 보편적 사고를 유도하며 교사 안내가 수반되는 활동으로 구분하여 이에 대한 두 절차를 구안하고, 이 두 활동에 의거하여 문제생성과 재구성 활동에 관해 탐색하고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 본 연구에서는 예비교사들을 대상으로 연구자가 구안한 문제제기 활동을 적용한 실험 수업 후 설문조사를 통하여 문제생성과 재구성에 대한 난이도 및 흥미도, 인지적 정의적 측면에서의 효과, 그리고 수학 수업 및 평가에서의 활용성 등을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 문제생성은 창의력을 증진시키고 수학에 대한 흥미를 유발하며, 문제 재구성은 문제 해결력 향상에 도움이 되고 자신감을 길러주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수업 상황에서는 문제생성 활동이 더 효과적이고, 평가 상황에서는 문제재구성 활동이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났으나 각 상황에서 문제생성과 재구성에 대한 응답의 차이가 크지 않았으므로 두 활동 모두 수업 및 평가에 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 교사는 학습자의 수준, 가르칠 영역, 진도 등을 고려하여 수업 및 평가 상황에서 문제생성과 재구성 활동을 적절한 시기에 알맞게 적용함으로써 학습자의 인지적, 정의적 성취의 함양을 돕도록 해야 할 것이다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2016

Flavonoid myricetin, usually found in tea and medicinal plants, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Our objectives in this study were to verify the effects of myricetin on periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) under inflammatory conditions and to observe its effects on osteoclast generation and on cytokine expression in RAW264.7 cells. To determine the effects of myricetin on PDLFs, we examined the expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes, including MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-8, which all play an important role in chronic periodontitis. We observed the effects of myricetin on intracellular signal transduction to verify the molecular mechanism involved. By measuring the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and the expression and activity of MMP-8, we were able to assess the effects of myricetin on osteoclast generation. In addition, by measuring the secretion of IL-6 and NO, we could evaluate the effects of myricetin on inflammatory mediators. We found that Myricetin had no effect on the viability of the PDLFs in the presence of inflammation, but it did decrease both the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 and the enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in these fibroblasts. Myricetin also decreased the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, p38 signaling, IKKB, AKT, and p65RelA in the PDLFs. In the RAW264.7 cells, myricetin inhibited both the expression and the activity of MMP-8. Furthermore, Myricetin not only suppressed the generation of LPS-stimulated osteoclasts, but it also slightly inhibited LPS-stimulated degradation of IkB and decreased the release of LPS-induced IL-6 and NO. These findings suggest that myricetin alleviates the tissue-destructive processes that occur during periodontal inflammation.