• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.153-162
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the horticultural activity program on high school students' stress, self-esteem and quality of life. Methods: Research method used in this was nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The number of students in experimental and control group were 25 students; The horticultural activities were conducted 15 times twice a week from May $30^{th}$ 2012 to July $18^{th}$ 2012. Results: There were statistically significant differences of stress scores(F=12.678, p=.001) self-esteem scores(t=-2.836, p=.009), quality of life scores (t=-2.958, p=.007) between the experimental and control group. Conclusions: Based on the results, horticultural activity program for high school students was effective in decreasing stress, increasing self-esteem and quality of life. Therefore the horticultural activity program can be adopted as a effective intervention for high school students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of calcium concentration in saliva on dental caries activity after consuming calcium. Methods: A total of 59 adult women aged 20 to 40 years were surveyed for calcium intake. The daily average calcium intake was analyzed through dietary records of the subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups based on daily average calcium intake. Salivary pH and concentrations of minerals in the saliva were obtained from A group and B group. Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) and magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$) concentrations in saliva were measured by HPLC-Ion chromatography using 15 mM sulfuric acid. The dental caries activity test was quantified by salivary buffer capacity test and plaque pH test. Results: The mean $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations of A group was $12.75{\mu}g/m$, the mean $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations in the B group was $16.30{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05) and respectively, $Mg^{2+}$ concentrations were found to be $0.48{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.51{\mu}g/mL$. Calcium intake and calcium concentration in saliva showed a significant correlation (r=0.380). Conclusions: The mean $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations in saliva was higher in the high calcium intake group. Therefore, calcium intake in saliva was correlated with dental caries.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electromyography (EMG)-biofeedback based closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) on quadriceps muscle activity and dynamic balance ability in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: Thirty subjects with PFPS were included and they were divided into EMG-biofeedback using CKCE (Group I) and squat exercise using CKCE (Group II), each group consisted of 15 patients. Group I and Group II was performed by the patients for three times a week, for six weeks. sEMG was used to measure quadriceps muscle activity and star excursion balance test (SEBT) was used to measure dynamic balance ability. Results: According to the results of the comparisons between the groups, after intervention, quadriceps muscle activity and dynamic balance ability were significantly higher in Group I than in the Group II. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that EMG-biofeedback using CKCE that provides real-time biofeedback information on muscle contraction may have a beneficial effect on selective muscle strength of vastus medialis oblique muscle and dynamic balance ability in PFPS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity and energy drinks consumption in Korean Adolescents. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis using statistics from the 2017(13th) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The variables used in the study were physical activity, energy drinks consumption and socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, academic achievement, household economic status and weekly allowance. The data were analyzed by $x^2$ test and multinominal logistic regression and the results were presented in percentage. Results: As the number of days engaging in moderate and vigorous physical activities increased, the response that they consume energy drinks 'more than 5 times a week' also increased. The subjects who participated in a 'moderate' or 'high' level of moderate physical activity consumed 1.4 times more energy drinks than those who do not participate in physical activity. And the subjects who engaged in a 'low' or 'moderate' level of vigorous physical activity consumed about 1.3 times more energy drinks than those who don't work out. Conclusion: As the level and intensity of physical activity increased, the number and frequency of energy drinks consumption increased. The results of this study can be used as basic data for intervention programs to reduce energy drinks consumption and promote proper physical activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying intensity on the muscle activity and muscle hardness of the upper trapezius muscle in adult males when TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) was applied. In addition, this study intends to prepare the scientific basic data of TENS for the purpose of relaxation based on the experimental results. Methods : Eighty-seven healthy adult males participated in the experiment, and they were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. All subjects in this study were healthy subjects without musculoskeletal or nervous system damage. All subjects were subjects who voluntarily consented to the purpose and method of the experiment. All subjects were provided with a load by typing for 20 minutes, and muscle activity and muscle hardness of the upper trapezius muscle were measured immediately. Afterwards, TENS was given to each groups for 15 minutes, and the experimental group received stimulation at the motor threshold level, and the control group received a placebo stimulation. After stimulation, muscle activity and muscle hardness of the upper trapezius muscle were measured in the same method. The measured data were compared between groups through an independent t-test and dependent t-test. The statistical significance level was set at .05. Results : The application of TENS statistically significantly decreased the muscle activity and muscle hardness of the trapezius muscle in the experimental group, and the results showed a significant difference from the control group. Conclusion : Application of TENS significantly decreased the muscle activity and muscle stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle. The application of TENS of applying intensity that induces muscle contraction may induce relaxation by reducing the muscle activity and muscle hardness of the trapezius muscle.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Background: This study investigated the effect of robot-assisted arm training on muscle activity of arm and weight bearing in stroke patients. Methods: The study subjects were selected 20 stroke patients who met the selection criteria. 10 people in the robot-assisted arm training group and 10 people in the task-oriented arm training group were randomly assigned. The experimental group performed robot-assisted arm training, and the control group performed task-oriented arm training for 6 weeks, 5 days a week, 30 minutes a day. The measurement tools included surface electromyography and smart insole system. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the paired sample t-test. Results: Comparing the muscle activity of arm within the group, the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences in muscle activity in the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius. Comparing the muscle activity of arms between the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in all muscle activity of arm compared to the control group. Comparing the weight bearing within the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings and there were significant differences in anterior and posterior weight bearing. The control group showed significant difference only in the non-affected side weight bearing. Comparing the weight bearings between groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed that robot-assisted arm training applied to stroke patients for 6 weeks significantly improved muscle activity of arm and weight bearing. Based on these results, it is considered that robot-assisted arm training can be a useful treatment in clinical practice to improve the kinematic variables in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the frequency of consumption of sports drinks and energy drinks and aerobic physical activity in the 6-29 year old group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sociodemographic characteristics, aerobic physical activity, and beverage intake of the subjects were calculated using composite sample descriptive statistics, and the mean difference between groups was analyzed by cross-tabulation, χ²-test, and binary logistic regression analysis. High-intensity aerobic activity was analyzed as an increase in the intake frequency of sports drinks(ionic drinks, vitamin drinks) and energy drinks(high-caffeine drinks) (p<0.05). Compared to moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, high-intensity aerobic physical activity was analyzed as a factor influencing the increase in beverage intake frequency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and beverage consumption, which is a critical issue for promoting health both now and in the future, and to developed an intervention program based on the findings. Through this study, we aimed to gather basic data that can help people live healthy lives, and raise both individual and societal awareness of the importance of making better beverage choices.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to determine paternal rearing behavior according to rearing characteristics and demographic characteristics. This study is designed as descriptive survey. This study's subjects are 200 people who live in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Seoul and Gyeonggido and they have preschool children of 3-6years old. They live with their children together and they are bringing up their children with a spouse, and they agreed with this study. It was measured by the instrument that 3 nursing scholars modified for content validity based on 18 items which developed parental behavior questionnaire of Bigner(l977). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC program with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA test. It was used Scheffe' test as post-hoc measurement. As a result of analysis is the following. 1. The results that are measured paternal rearing behavior by mean and standard deviation are that 'activity of play interaction' score was the highest($280{\pm}.59$), and then 'activity of daily living'($2.41{\pm}.58$), and then 'activity of discipline'($2.40{\pm}.93$). The lowest area was 'activity of outhouse'($225{\pm}.85$). As examined paternal rearing behaviors by item, 'express physical affection to children' was the highest and the next items is 'consult with wife about children's rearing problem.'. Item that was shown the lowest score was 'wash children's dress'. 2. Compared paternal rearing behaviors level by demographic characteristics, that showed Significant differences among the fathers job type(F=3.492, p=.005), family monthly income (p=2.011, p=.047), children's number(F=4.641, p=.011). 3. Compared paternal rearing behaviors level by rearing characteristics, that showed significant difference in the satisfaction of marred life (F=3.932, p=.021). In spite of Paternal rearing behavior can influence on children's health and health activity, that is apt to exclude in various family health educational program development and application in nursing field. Therefore, nursing researches about paternal rearing behavior will have to be needed to study in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.77-92
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper is an empirical investigation of the mediation effect of innovation activity in industry transformation considering the relationship between the semiconductor industry and high-quality economic development. The research questions are whether the semiconductor industry drives high-quality economic development and if so, what is the semiconductor industry's role in high-quality development? We found that the semiconductor industry has clearly improved the quality of economic development, and its comparative advantage has significantly increased per capita national incomes. Furthermore, innovation activity proved to be an intermediary factor for the semiconductor industry to promote high-quality economic development. The world economy should aim to reasonably develop the international semiconductor industry and cultivate innovation markets. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the relationship between the semiconductor industry, innovation activity, and high-quality economic development. We constructed an analysis framework based on data from 199 World Bank economies between 1995 and 2019, and we used a mediation effect method to calculate the total effect of the semiconductor industry on promoting high-quality economic development, the indirect effect of the semiconductor industry on promoting innovation activity, and the mediation effect of these innovation activities on the promotion of high-quality economic development. Findings - The results show that the semiconductor industry has significantly promoted high-quality economic development. This is true even after the robustness test of grouping and alternative variables was applied. An analysis of the mechanism shows that promoting patents, scientific research, efficient government, and urban management innovation are important mechanisms for the semiconductor industry to release high-quality development dividends. Originality/value - Although it has been shown that specific industries like semiconductors can affect high-quality economic development through industrial upgrading, few researchers have attempted to empirically test the impact of the semiconductor industry on high-quality economic development. In this paper, we use a mediation effect model, alternative variables and a grouping test to find the internal mechanisms of the comparative advantage of the semiconductor industry in high-quality economic development from the perspective of innovation activity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.851-858
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• 2016

This paper presents a new statistical voice activity detection (VAD) based on the probabilistic interpretation of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). The objective function of the NMF using Kullback-Leibler divergence coincides with the negative log likelihood function of the data if the distribution of the data given the basis and encoding matrices is modeled as Poisson distributions. Based on this probabilistic NMF, the VAD is constructed using the likelihood ratio test assuming that speech and noise follow Poisson distributions. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperformed the conventional Gaussian model-based and NMF-based methods at 0-15 dB signal-to-noise ratio simulation conditions.