• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to sarcopenic obesity among the elderly in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,367 elderly (${\geq}65years$) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011) were included in this analysis. The subjects were assessed to determine their sarcopenia and obesity status. Sarcopenia was assessed by determining their appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). Obesity was defined by the waist circumference. An association of sarcopenic obesity and the related factors was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risk of sarcopenic obesity of the subjects was decreased by active physical activity. After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in men of the highest level group (Q4) decreased by 45% (OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.334-0.905, P trend 0.018) compared to that in the reference group (Q1). Among the women, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in the Q3 and Q4 groups decreased by 29.0% (OR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.512-0,984) and 56.7% (OR = 0.433, 95% CI = 0.281-0.668), respectively, compared to that in the Q1 group (P trend < 0.001). The mean daily energy intake was higher in the non-sarcopenia group than in the sarcopenia group. The risk of sarcopenic obesity in subjects not meeting the recommended intakes of energy, riboflavin, and vitamin C increased significantly by 25.4%, and 36.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, compared to that in the subjects meeting the recommended nutrient intake. CONCLUSION: Active physical activity as well as an adequate intake of energy and some vitamins might be negatively associated with the development of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2017

Side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS) is known to be as harmful and hazardous to human health as is active smoking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the exposure to SSCS and its stimulatory and subacute effects on the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A methionine and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCDHF) diet was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. During the first three weeks of MCDHF diet feeding, each diet group was exposed to SSCS (0, 20, $40{\mu}g/L$) or fresh air for 2 hrs per day and 5 days per week. Additional experiments were performed by increasing the concentration (0, 30, $60{\mu}g/L$) and exposure time (6 hours per day) of SSCS. According to histopathologic analysis and serum levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), there were no differences in hepatic fat deposition, fibrosis, apoptosis or liver damage in MCDHF-fed mice based on SSCS exposure. There were also no differences in the expression of inflammation-, oxidative stress- or fibrosis-related genes between MCDHF-fed mice with or without SSCS exposure. Therefore, it is concluded that SSCS with current exposure amounts does not have additive detrimental effects on the early stage of NASH.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether salivary findings of active matrix-metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) chairside (point of care; POC) tests were associated with periodontal risk assessment parameters in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Methods: A total of 125 patients receiving regular SPT were included, and their records were examined. The following inclusion criteria were used: a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, at least 1 non-surgical periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) with following regular SPT (minimum once a year), at least 6 remaining teeth, and clinical and aMMP-8 findings that were obtained at the same appointment. In addition to anamnestic factors (e.g., smoking and diabetes), oral hygiene indices (modified sulcus bleeding index [mSBI] and approximal plaque index), periodontal probing depth simultaneously with bleeding on probing, and dental findings (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) were recorded. Salivary aMMP-8 levels were tested using a commercial POC test system (Periomarker, Hager & Werken, Duisburg, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and ${\chi}^2$ test, as appropriate (P<0.05). Results: Only the mSBI was significantly associated with positive salivary aMMP-8 findings (aMMP-8 positive: $27.8%{\pm}20.9%$ vs. aMMP-8 negative: $18.0%{\pm}14.5%$; P=0.017). No significant associations were found between aMMP-8 and smoking, diabetes, periodontal parameters, or parameters related to the maintenance interval (P>0.05). Conclusions: Salivary aMMP-8 chairside findings were not associated with common parameters used for periodontal risk assessment in patients receiving SPT. The diagnostic benefit of POC salivary aMMP-8 testing in risk assessment and maintenance interval adjustment during SPT remains unclear.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify malignant tumor-related factors in breast diseases and to find out how recently reported oral contraceptives affect women in Korea. The research method is data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and was provided according to the procedures for use guided through the website of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analyzed data covered a total of 9,981 people, 3,341 in 2016, 3,263 in 2017 and 3,377 in 2018. The results from the study showed the significance of age, smoking, drinking, hyperlipidemia and unmarried related variables, especially the significance of oral contraceptives. Based on this study, it can contribute to active prevention of related factors and cancer-causing suppression policies, especially since the use of oral contraceptives is on the rise, it is believed that continuous research of the subjects to be taken, such as the period and dosage, should be carried out.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium. serum estrogen level and physical activity on the bone status of 116 healthy elderly women living in urban area. Current calcium intake was assessed by convenient method(refered to as Ca intake) and calcium containing food frequency method(refered to as Ca index) Daily activity record was used for the estimation of physical activity level, and serum estrogen level was measured from fasting blood of subjects. The rate of bone resorption was evaluated by the determination of hydroxyproline(Hpr) in fasting urine with correction for creatinine excretion. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) Average daily Ca intake of subjects was 621.4$\pm$155.8mg, which is above the Korean recommended dietary allowances. However 44.8% of the subjects consumed Ca below RDA level. Ca index score was significantly correlated with the bone status(P<0.05), Ca intake did not show significant correlation with the bone status although a positive trend of influence was evident. 2) Average serum estrogen level of subjects was 18.7$\pm$9.8pg Contrary to our anticipation. estrogen level did not show any significant relation to age and bone status. 3) Daily physical activity was classified into four categories by activity intensity : sedentary. moderate, active and severe. The average physical activity of subjects belong to moderate level. and the bone status was significantly related to the physical activity(P<0.01) 4) Among other influential factors such as age, pocket-money. family type. drinking, smoking and BMI, there was a significant difference between bone status and BMI(P<0.05). 5) Multiple regression analysis of variables showed that physical activity has greater effect than other variables when the entire subjects were taken into account. However. eliminating the subjects whose bone status rated as excellent(Hpr/cr<0.009), Ca index showed higher correlation than physical activity. These results have demonstrated that dietary calcium intake is the primary important factor for keeping good bone health and that bone status of subjects with a sufficient calcium intake is affected by various factors such as physical activity, age, smoking. BMI and others.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare and evaluate nutritive conditions of the female elderly (2,893 people) based on a national health nutrition survey and health-related factors influencing nutritional intake. The results are as follows.- Average age of all subjects was $72.12{\pm}5.2$ old. BMI ($24.48{\pm}3.3kg/m^2$) and waist size ($83.9{\pm}9.5cm$) of urban elderly was larger ($23.74{\pm}3.3kg/m^2$, $82.28{\pm}9.9cm$) than that of rural elderly. MAR[4] and MAR[10] were also higher in urban elderly than rural elderly. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that factors influencing poor nutrition of elderly subjects were increasing age, smoking, and self-rated health. Old-old and current smokers were associated with a higher likelihood of poor nutrition (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.43~2.30) and (OR 3.40, 95%CI 2.17~5.33) elderly female subjects in urban areas. Smoking (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.33~3.95), poor self-rated health (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.11~2.16), over nine hours of sleep per nighting (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.17~2.53) and stress (OR 1.46, 95%CI 1.10~1.92) of elderly female subjects in rural areas were associated with higher likelihood of a poor nutrition. In conclusion, rural elderly are more influenced by poor health practice behaviors (self-rated health, sleeping stress) and psychological factors. Nutrition status of the rural elderly is worse than that of the urban elderly. To reduce nutritional risk of Korean elderly, especially rural elderly, active nutrition arbitration should include psychological environmental factors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

Objectives : Routine vaccination against influenza is recommended for all people aged 65 years or more. Without active encouragement to receive the vaccine, the rate of compliance is generally low. A study was undertaken to assess and compare the effectiveness of two reminder systems in improving the influenza vaccination rate. Methods : A total of 2,017 patients aged 65 or over in a tertiary care hospital family practice center were randomly assigned to a control, a telephone reminder, or a postcard reminder group before the influenza season in 1998. The outcome measure, receipt of vaccination, was determined by telephone interview. Demographic and clinical characteristics were checked through the medical chart review. Results : Among the 1,312 patients who actually received reminders and interviewed, the vaccination rate was 46.7% in the control group, 56.3% in the postcard reminder group, and 63.3% in the telephone reminder group. Vaccination compliance was significantly higher in people reminded by telephone (Odds ratio [OR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-2.64) and postcard (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18-2.02) compared to that in the control group. Of the characteristics investigated, number of high risk co-morbidity was positively associated with vaccination compliance while current smoking was negatively associated. Conclusions : This result suggests that telephone and postcard reminders can significantly improve compliance with influenza vaccination in this group of Korean elderly. However, additional strategies need to be developed to encourage vaccination among noncompliant.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined socio-demographic and health status factors associated with hazardous drinking in male and female elderly with hypertension. Methods: The sample consisted of 2,322 seniors with hypertension and was obtained from the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (VII-1, VII-2, VII-3). Complex sample analysis was performed using the independent t-test, the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression in SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: The factors associated with hazardous drinking in the male hypertensive seniors were age (OR=2.13, CI=1.37-3.32), weekly drink number (OR=0.11, CI=0.07-0.16) and weight gain control (OR=0.44, CI=0.21-0.94), and corresponding factors in female hypertensive seniors were age (OR=4.56, CI=2.37-8.80), income level (OR=1.88, CI=1.05-3.37), weekly drink number (OR=0.09, CI=0.04-0.17), current smoking (OR=6.88, CI=2.29-20.64), weight loss control (OR=1.99, CI=1.14-3.47), hypertension treatment (OR=35.62, CI=2.02-629.43), and hypertension drug (OR=0.06, CI=0.01-0.61). Conclusion: Risk drinking in elderly with hypertension was found to be related to personal characteristics and health status. Therefore, to manage hypertension effectively in the elderly, drinking patterns should be improved and active participation in the practice of healthy activities such as weight control, smoking cessation, and decreased alcohol intake, should be encouraged.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.60-75
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• 2019

The primary aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on periodontal disease progression after treatment in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and to identify predictors of clinical attachment level (CAL) loss. A protocol was developed to answer the following focused question: In adult patients treated for periodontitis, what is the disease progression in terms of CAL loss after surgical or non-surgical treatment? Randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and longitudinal observational human studies with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after surgical or non-surgical treatment that reported CAL and probing depth changes were selected. Seventeen publications reporting data from 14 investigations were included. Data from 964 patients with a follow-up range of 5-15 years was evaluated. When the CAL at the latest follow-up was compared to the CAL after active periodontal therapy, 10 of the included studies reported an overall mean CAL loss of ${\leq}0.5mm$, 3 studies reported a mean CAL loss of 0.5-1 mm, and 4 studies reported a mean CAL loss of >1 mm. Based on 7 publications, the percentage of sites showing a CAL loss of ${\geq}2mm$ varied from 3% to 20%, and a high percentage of sites with CAL loss was associated with poor oral hygiene, smoking, and poor compliance with SPT. The outcomes after periodontal therapy remained stable over time. Disease progression occurred in a reduced number of sites and patients, mostly associated with poor oral hygiene, poor compliance with SPT, and smoking.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.660-673
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of early recognition of myocardial infarction in adult smokers and to analyze factors related to cognition. In a descriptive survey using raw data from the 2021 Community Health Survey, 210,899 out of 229,942 people who completed the survey, excluding 18,343 subjects with insufficient responses, were selected as study subjects. Age, marital status, education level, smoking cessation plan, health examination_cancer examination, diabetes diagnosis, subjective health level, and social physical environment were significantly related to early symptoms of myocardial infarction. Based on the results of the study, active promotion and education for high-risk groups with a high risk of developing myocardial infarction are needed.