Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sarcopenic obesity can be negatively associated with active physical activity and adequate intake of some nutrients in Korean elderly: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011)

  • Son, Jina (Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Yu, Qiming (Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Seo, Jung-Sook (Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University)
  • Received : 2019.01.15
  • Accepted : 2019.01.22
  • Published : 2019.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to sarcopenic obesity among the elderly in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,367 elderly (${\geq}65years$) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011) were included in this analysis. The subjects were assessed to determine their sarcopenia and obesity status. Sarcopenia was assessed by determining their appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). Obesity was defined by the waist circumference. An association of sarcopenic obesity and the related factors was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risk of sarcopenic obesity of the subjects was decreased by active physical activity. After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in men of the highest level group (Q4) decreased by 45% (OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.334-0.905, P trend 0.018) compared to that in the reference group (Q1). Among the women, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in the Q3 and Q4 groups decreased by 29.0% (OR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.512-0,984) and 56.7% (OR = 0.433, 95% CI = 0.281-0.668), respectively, compared to that in the Q1 group (P trend < 0.001). The mean daily energy intake was higher in the non-sarcopenia group than in the sarcopenia group. The risk of sarcopenic obesity in subjects not meeting the recommended intakes of energy, riboflavin, and vitamin C increased significantly by 25.4%, and 36.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, compared to that in the subjects meeting the recommended nutrient intake. CONCLUSION: Active physical activity as well as an adequate intake of energy and some vitamins might be negatively associated with the development of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly.

Keywords

References

  1. Smalley KJ, Knerr AN, Kendrick ZV, Colliver JA, Owen OE. Reassessment of body mass indices. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:405-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/52.3.405
  2. Gallagher D, Visser M, Sepulveda D, Pierson RN, Harris T, Heymsfield SB. How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? Am J Epidemiol 1996;143: 228-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008733
  3. Kim J, Lee Y, Kye S, Chung YS, Kim KM. Association of vegetables and fruits consumption with sarcopenia in older adults: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age Ageing 2015;44:96-102 https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu028
  4. Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. J Nutr 1997;127:990S-991S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.990S
  5. Grimby G, Saltin B. The ageing muscle. Clin Physiol 1983;3:209-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.1983.tb00704.x
  6. Lean ME, Katsarou C, McLoone P, Morrison DS. Changes in BMI and waist circumference in Scottish adults: use of repeated crosssectional surveys to explore multiple age groups and birth-cohorts. Int J Obes 2013;37:800-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.122
  7. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA 2012;307:491-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.39
  8. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA 2014; 311:806-14. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732
  9. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2010: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.
  10. Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A, Di Francesco V. Sarcopenic obesity: a new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008;18:388-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.10.002
  11. Kim TN, Choi KM. The implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on cardiometabolic disease. J Cell Biochem 2015;116:1171-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.25077
  12. Gadelha AB, Paiva FM, Gauche R, de Oliveira RJ, Lima RM. Effects of resistance training on sarcopenic obesity index in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016;65:168-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.03.017
  13. Batsis JA, Mackenzie TA, Jones JD, Lopez-Jimenez F, Bartels SJ. Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and inflammation: results from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin Nutr 2016;35:1472-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.028
  14. Szulc P, Munoz F, Marchand F, Chapurlat R, Delmas PD. Rapid loss of appendicular skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher all-cause mortality in older men: the prospective MINOS study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1227-36. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28256
  15. An KO, Kim J. Association of sarcopenia and obesity with multimorbidity in Korean adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016;17:960. E1-7.
  16. Aggio DA, Sartini C, Papacosta O, Lennon LT, Ash S, Whincup PH, Wannamethee SG, Jefferis BJ. Cross-sectional associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older men. Prev Med 2016;91: 264-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.040
  17. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zuniga C, Arai H, Boirie Y, Chen LK, Fielding RA, Martin FC, Michel JP, Sieber C, Stout JR, Studenski SA, Vellas B, Woo J, Zamboni M, Cederholm T. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age Ageing 2014;43:748-59. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu115
  18. Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, Harris TB, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB, Lee JS, Sahyoun NR, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB; Health ABC Study. Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:150-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.1.150
  19. Marzani B, Balage M, Venien A, Astruc T, Papet I, Dardevet D, Mosoni L. Antioxidant supplementation restores defective leucine stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle from old rats. J Nutr 2008;138:2205-11. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.094029
  20. Lim S, Kim JH, Yoon JW, Kang SM, Choi SH, Park YJ, Kim KW, Lim JY, Park KS, Jang HC. Sarcopenic obesity: prevalence and association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). Diabetes Care 2010;33:1652-4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0107
  21. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity. Seoul: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity; 2012.
  22. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1381-95. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
  23. Szulc P, Duboeuf F, Marchand F, Delmas PD. Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men: the MINOS study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:496-503. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.2.496
  24. Shephard RJ, Park H, Park S, Aoyagi Y. Objectively measured physical activity and progressive loss of lean tissue in older Japanese adults: longitudinal data from the Nakanojo study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:1887-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12505
  25. Hong S, Choi WH. Clinical and physiopathological mechanism of sarcopenia. Korean J Med 2012;83:444-54. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2012.83.4.444
  26. Roubenoff R, Parise H, Payette HA, Abad LW, D,Agostino R, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Dinarello CA, Harris TB. Cytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Med 2003; 115:429-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.05.001
  27. Ozaki H, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Stager JM, Abe T. Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:369-75.
  28. Kubo K, Ishida Y, Suzuki S, Komuro T, Shirasawa H, Ishiguro N, Shukutani Y, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of 6 months of walking training on lower limb muscle and tendon in elderly. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008;18:31-9.
  29. Hwang B, Lim JY, Lee J, Choi NK, Ahn YO, Park BJ. Prevalence rate and associated factors of sarcopenic obesity in Korean elderly population. J Korean Med Sci 2012;27:748-55. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.7.748
  30. Jang BY, Bu SY. Total energy intake according to the level of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults aged 30 years and older: an analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008-2011. Nutr Res Pract 2018;12:222-32. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.222
  31. Scott D, Blizzard L, Fell J, Giles G, Jones G. Associations between dietary nutrient intake and muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older adults: the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010;58:2129-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03147.x
  32. Park SH, Lee KS, Park HY. Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Korean: analysis of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Int J Cardiol 2010;139:234-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.011
  33. Choi HJ, Kang DH, Kim GE, Cheong HS, Kim SH. A study on nutritional status of the long-lived elderly people in Kyungnam. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2002;31:877-84. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.5.877
  34. Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants. J Nutr Biochem 2010;21:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.014
  35. Sahni S, Mangano KM, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, McLean RR. Higher Protein intake is associated with higher lean mass and quadriceps muscle strength in adult men and women. J Nutr 2015;145:1569-75. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204925
  36. Burd NA, Gorissen SH, van Loon LJ. Anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis with aging. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2013;41:169-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e318292f3d5
  37. Ashoori M, Saedisomeolia A. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and oxidative stress: a review. Br J Nutr 2014;111:1985-91. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000178
  38. Semba RD, Blaum C, Guralnik JM, Moncrief DT, Ricks MO, Fried LP. Carotenoid and vitamin E status are associated with indicators of sarcopenia among older women living in the community. Aging Clin Exp Res 2003;15:482-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327377
  39. Semba RD, Lauretani F, Ferrucci L. Carotenoids as protection against sarcopenia in older adults. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007;458:141-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2006.11.025
  40. Ministry of Health and Welfare; The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2010.
  41. Kim TH, Hwang HJ, Kim SH. Relationship between serum ferritin levels and sarcopenia in Korean females aged 60 years and older using the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2, 3), 2008-2009. PLoS One 2014;9:e90105. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090105
  42. Verlaan S, Aspray TJ, Bauer JM, Cederholm T, Hemsworth J, Hill TR, McPhee JS, Piasecki M, Seal C, Sieber CC, Ter Borg S, Wijers SL, Brandt K. Nutritional status, body composition, and quality of life in community-dwelling sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults: a case-control study. Clin Nutr 2017;36:267-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.013
  43. van Dronkelaar C, van Velzen A, Abdelrazek M, van der Steen A, Weijs PJ, Tieland M. Minerals and sarcopenia; the role of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018;19:6-11.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.026
  44. Aytekin N, Mileva KN, Cunliffe AD. Selected B vitamins and their possible link to the aetiology of age-related sarcopenia: relevance of UK dietary recommendations. Nutr Res Rev 2018;31:204-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422418000045
  45. Bathalon GP, Tucker KL, Hays NP, Vinken AG, Greenberg AS, McCrory MA, Roberts SB. Psychological measures of eating behavior and the accuracy of 3 common dietary assessment methods in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:739-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.739
  46. Sawaya AL, Tucker K, Tsay R, Willett W, Saltzman E, Dallal GE, Roberts SB. Evaluation of four methods for determining energy intake in young and older women: comparison with doubly labeled water measurements of total energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:491-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/63.4.491
  47. Denison HJ, Cooper C, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Prevention and optimal management of sarcopenia: a review of combined exercise and nutrition interventions to improve muscle outcomes in older people. Clin Interv Aging 2015;10:859-69.
  48. Daly RM, O'Connell SL, Mundell NL, Grimes CA, Dunstan DW, Nowson CA. Protein-enriched diet, with the use of lean red meat, combined with progressive resistance training enhances lean tissue mass and muscle strength and reduces circulating IL-6 concentrations in elderly women: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99:899-910. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.064154
  49. Kim H, Kim M, Kojima N, Fujino K, Hosoi E, Kobayashi H, Somekawa S, Niki Y, Yamashiro Y, Yoshida H. Exercise and nutritional supplementation on community-dwelling elderly Japanese women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016;17:1011-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.016

Cited by

  1. Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments vol.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00568
  2. Physical Activity Decreases the Risk of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults with the Incidence of Clinical Factors: 24-Month Prospective Study vol.46, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073x.2020.1716156
  3. Sex- and age-specific effects of energy intake and physical activity on sarcopenia vol.10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66249-6
  4. Association between dietary branched-chain amino acid intake and skeletal muscle mass index among Korean adults: Interaction with obesity vol.15, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.203
  5. A lacto-ovo-vegetarian dietary pattern is protective against sarcopenic obesity: A cross-sectional study of elderly Chinese people vol.91, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111386