• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

The most common local cause of active gingival bleeding is the vessel engorgement and erosion by severe inflammation. Abnormal gingival bleeding is also associated with the systemic disturbances. Hemorrhagic disorders in which abnormal gingival bleeding is encountered include the following: vascular abnormalities (vitamin C deficiency or allergy), platelet disorders, hypoprothrombinemia (vitamin K deficiency resulting from liver disease), and other coagulation defects (hemophilia, leukemia). There are many conventional methods for gingival bleeding control, such as, direct pressure, electrocoagulation, direct suture, drainage, application of hemostatic agents and crushing and packing. If the active continuous gingival bleeding is not stopped in spite of the application of all conventional bleeding control methods, the life of patient is threatened owing to upper airway obstruction, syncope, vomiting and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid and correct hemostatic method is very important in the emergency dental care. This is a case report of active gingival bleeding care via dental crown removal and emergency primary endodontic drainage as a last method in liver cirrhosis patient with advanced periodontitis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.592-596
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• 2010

The common local causes of active gingival bleeding are the vessel engorgement and erosion by severe inflammation and injury to hypervascularity lesion. Abnormal gingival bleeding is also associated with systemic bleeding disorders (liver disease, leukemia etc.). There are many conventional methods for gingival bleeding control, such as, direct pressure, packing, electrocoagulation, tight suture and application of hemostatic agents. If the continuous gingival bleeding is not stopped in spite of the all local application methods, the medical consultation should be obtained for systemic condition care and the major feeding arterial embolization. This is a case report of severe gingival bleeding and periodontitis control in a patient with liver cirrhosis and oral metastatic lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma. The bleeding lesion was placed in left buccal mucosa and gingiva of the left mandibular molars. The control methods were dental crown removal, primary endodontic drainage, gingival sulcus drainage and maxillary arterial embolization with medical consultation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.733-740
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• 1995

This investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between the amount of polymorphonuclear leukocyte(PMN) enzyme myeloperoxidase(MPO) in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) collected from active or control site and gingival disease status described by clinical indices(gingival index, papillary bleeding index, pocket depth, periotron unit). The results were as follows : 1. MPO activity/site was greater at active sites than at control sites. 2. According to increasing the clinical parameters, MPO/sites was higher statistically (P<0. 01, P<0.05). 3. High MPO(unit/site) groups was higher statistically than low MPO(unit/site) groups in various clinical parameters. 4. Correlation coefficients between MPO(unit/site) and GI, MPO($unit/{\mu}l$ GCF) and periotron unit were 0.4782, -0.5901, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.271-282
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• 1994

Active treatment of periodontal disease consists of plaque control by the patient, with root planing and surgery perfomed by the dental practitioner. Chlorhexidine rinse has been the most effective antiplaque agent available today and tetracycline has been the most favored antibiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was compared the different effect among groups(saline mouthrinse[group I], 0.125% chlorhexidine mouthrinse [groupII], and 0.125% chlorhexidine mouthrinse containing tetracycline[groupIII]) during the immediate post periodontal therapy. We assessed plaque index, gingival index, papillary bleediing index, gingival crevicular volume, periodontal attachment loss, and periodontal pocket depth in 3 sites per subject. The assessment was made at baseline. At 1 week after scaling, and at 2 weeks after curettage. All groups were clinically and statistically reduced plaque score, gingival score, papillary bleeding score, and gingival crevicular volume at 2 weeks after curettage. Group II was significantly reduced periodontal pocket depth.(P<0.05) At 1 week after scaling, al clinical index scores were reduced but not singificantly difference between the groups.(p>0.05) At 2 weeks after curettage, plaque score, gingival score and papillary bleeding score were significantly difference between the groups.(P<0.05) During the experimental period, gingiva was not damaged and stain of the tongue or teeth were not noted in all groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1995

It is very important to understand the chief complaint of a patient prior to evaluation of prognosis and establishment of treatment plan. The purpose of this study was to prepare the basic data available for dental practitioners in establishing the treatment plan of periodontal patients. The chief complaints were statistically analyzed according to age and sex from 5.843 periodontal cases(age range: $20{\sim}70,male$: 3,048, female: 2,795) by means of Chi-Square Test in Microstat program. The results were as follows : 1.The proportion of each chief complaint, except routine check was in the following order: pain(32.84%) ; gingival swelling(13.35%); tooth mobility(13.2S%); hypersensitivity(12.53%) ; gingival bleeding(8.45%) ; pus discharge(8.33%) ; food impaction(3.80%); gingival recession(3.59%); halitosis(2.70%) ; itching sensation(1.90%); spacing(O.48%) ; implant(O.39%) ; gingival discoloration(0.38%). 2. The pain was the predominant chief complaint of periodontal patients regardless of age and sex(p

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

This study conducted a 'specialist tooth brushing' method against the severely disabled once every other week. The purpose of this study is to analyze and validate the effectiveness of maintaining healthy periodontal management when consistent oral hygiene lasts with minimum stimuli for 24 - months. The conclusions were as follows. Table 2 compares the difference between group 1 and 2 from the 1^st to 11th management and verifies the actual difference in measurement of each index. Group 1 used a professional tooth brush while Group 2 used a general brush. There were found many significant differences in dental index. As for PHP, Oral Malodor index and gingival bleeding, it was found that one or two times of dental care can make substantial differences in dental health condition. These results show that as the number of toothbrush method has been increased, gingival bleeding and periodontal index are significantly improved, not to mention the improvement of gingivitis and periodontal disease. This is because periodontal tissue is affected by brushing method, brushing time and consistency of dental care. During the 6-month period, 20 minutes of active periodontal care was intensively conducted, and for 18-months the effect of consistent care was verified by 10-minute periodontal care once every other week. As a result of the test, it was found that there was no complete regression in the basic periodontal treatment and the periodontal health condition had been maintained for 24 months. Also this test shows that, despite of inconsistent dental hygienic care, regular plague control can prevent dental diseases and maintain the dental health. This study proved that periodontal condition can be maintained by periodontal care once every other week as the tooth brushing properly stimulates the gums with positive effect. Therefore, professional dental healthcareworkers should be designated for each facility for the disabled, and dental health of the disabled should be professionally cared on a regular basis, and consistent and repetitive management by the dental care specialist are required.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.221-231
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• 1994

The short-term effects of plaque control instruction were studied in 42 adolescent orthodontic patients under active fixed treatment. At first visit, all the patients were received plaque control instruction using materials such as oral hygiene education slides, dentiform, disclosing agents, tooth brush and interdental brush. After that, Pateints were asked to perform the tooth brushing according to instructions. Such a procedure was repeated every week lot 3 weeks. Plaque index and bleeding index were scored once a week for 4 weeks and were compared according to ages, sex and duration with fixed appliance. The results were as follows: 1. Plaque control instruction was effective in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation of the orthodontic patients. 2. The effect of plaque control instruction was continued during 3 weeks among all groups of subjects, and it was prominent at the first week. 3. There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of the plaque control of instruction according to sex, ages, or duration with fixed appliances.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2007

The long term success of periodontal treatment is dependent upon the effectiveness of the main-tenance care program after active treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether nutraceutical containing PRF-K2 as natural product from plant and seaweed has beneficial effects on clinical parameters, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and GCF cytokine levels during main- tenance phase after periodontal treatment. Among the generally healthy and non-smoking. moderate to severe chronic periodontitis patients during maintenance phase in Department of Periodontics, Chonnam National University Hospital, twenty eight patients took nutraceutical containing PRF-K2 (Oscotec Inc. Cheonan, Korea) for 3 months as experimental group and sixteen patients received only maintenance care as control group. Clinical examination and GCF collection were performed at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months of experiment. Total amounts and concentrations of GCF IL-1{\beta}, IL-1ra and $PGE_2$ were evaluated using ELISA kit. In probing pocket depth, experimental group showed the tendency of more reduction than control group after 3 months of experiment. Sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and GCF volume were significantly decreased in experimental group(p<0.05), whereas they were increased in control group. GCF IL-1{\beta} level tended to decrease in both experimental and control group and IL-1ra concentration tended to increase in experimental group and to decrease in control group. IL-1ra/IL-1{\beta} ratio tended to increase in experimental group and to decrease in control group during experimental period. GCF $PGE_2$ amount did not show any change in experimental group and tended to increase in control group. These results suggest that nutraceutical supplement which contain PRF-K2 could improve perio-dontal condition during maintenance phase after periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1996

This study was performed to estimate the effects of cultured bone cell inoculated on porous type hydroxyaptite for the regeneration of the artificial alveolar bone defect. In this experiment 3 beagle dogs were used, and each of them were divided into right and left mandible. Every surgical intervention were performed under the general anesthesia by using with intravenous injection of Pentobarbital sodium(30mg/Kg). To reduce the gingival bleeding during surgery, operative site was injected with Lidocaine hydrochloride(l:80,000 Epinephrine) as local anesthesia. After surgery experimental animal were feeded with soft dietl Mighty dog, Frisies Co., U.S.A.) for 1 weeks to avoid irritaion to soft tissue by food. 2 months before surgery both side of mandibular 1st premolar were extracted and bone chips from mandibular body were obtained from all animals. Bone cells were cultured from bone chips obtained from mandible with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. Porous type hydroxyapatite were immerse into the high concentrated cell suspension solution, and put 4 hours for attachin the cells on the surface of hydroxyapatite. Graft material were inserted on the artificial bone defect after 3 days of culture. Before insertion of cellinoculated graft material, scanning electronic microscopic observation were performed to confirm the attachment and spreading of cell on the hydroxyapatite surface. 3 artificial bone defects were made with bone trephine drill on the both side of mandible of the experimental animal. First defect was designed without insertion of graft material as negative control, second was filled with porous replamineform hydroxyapatite inoculated with cultured bone marrow cells as expermiental site, and third was filled with graft materials only as positive control. The size of every artificial bone defect was 3mm in diameter and 3mm in depth. After the every surgical intervention of animals, oral hygiene program were performed with 1.0% chlorhexidine digluconate. All of the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks after surgery. For obtaining histological section, tissus were fixed in 10% Buffered formalin and decalcified with Planko - Rycho Solution for 72hr. Tissue embeding was performed in paraffin and cut parallel to the surface of mandibular body. Section in 8um thickness of tissue was done and stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin. All the specimens were observed under the light microscopy. The following results were obtained : 1. In the case of control site which has no graft material, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone forming tendency were revealed compared with experimental groups. But bone surface were observed depression pattern on defect area because of soft tissue invasion into the artificial bone defect during the experimental period. 2. In the porous hydroxyapatite only group, inflammatory cell infiltration was prominet and dense connective tissue were encapsulated around grafted materials. osteoblastic activity in the early stage after surgery was low to compared with grafted with bone cells. 3. In the case of porous hydroxyapatite inoculated with bone cell, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone formation activity was revealed than hydroxyapatite only group. Active new bone formation were observed in the early stage of control group. 4. The origin of new bone forming was revealed not from the center of defected area but from the surface of preexisting bony wall on every specimen. 5. In this experiment, osteoclastic cell was not found around grafted materials, and fibrovascular invasion into regions with no noticeable foreign body reaction. Conclusively, the cultured bone cell inoculated onto the porous hydroxyapatite may have an important role of regeneration of artificial bone defects of alveolar bone.