• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.360-367
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• 1991

Effect of Mylabris sidae(MS) and Epicauta gorhami(EG) polysaccharide fractions on the inflammation and immune responses were studied in vivo. MS and EG contained cantharidin about 0.61 and 0.65%, respectively. It was shown that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg have the significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity; They inhibited significantly the carrageenin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome. They accelerated significantly the carbon clearance and the phagocytosis of colloidal carbons by Kupffer cells in liver, but they at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg suppressed significantly the Arthus reaction in the sheep red blood cell(S-RBC)-sensitized mice in accordance with the inhibition of haemaglutinin titer, haemolysin titer and plaque-forming cells. On the other hand, they at a oral dose of 200 mg/kg accelerated slightly the oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats and delayed hypersensitivity in the S-RBC-challenzed mice in consistent with the increase of rosette forming cells. As the above results, it exhibited that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions inhibited the humoral immune responses, but they accelerated the function of macrophages and cellular immune responses. EG polysaccharide fraction had more active than MS polysaccharide fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.502-507
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• 2007

The oxidation treatment of several carbon materials with a sodium chlorate and 70 wt.% of nitric acid, combined with heat treatment, were attempted to achieve an electrochemical active material with a larger capacitance. Among pitch, needle coke, calcinated needle coke and natural graphite, the structure of needle coke and calacinated needle coke were changed to the graphite oxide structure with the expansion of the inter-layer. On the other hand, the calcinated needle coke after oxidation and heating at $200^{\circ}C$ has exhibited largest capacitance per weight and volume of 29.5 F/g and 24.5 F/ml at the two-electrode system in the potential range of 0 to 2.5 V. The electrochemical performance of the calcinated needle coke was discussed with the phenomenon of the electric field activation and the formation of new pores between the expanded inter-layer at first charge.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2013

Perchlorate ($ClO{_4}^-$) is the material that is used as propellants of rockets and material of explosive as a form of ammonium perchlorate salts. Ammonium perchlorate solution of high concentration is recovered from expired rocket through demilitarization process by the water-jet method. If people take perchlorate in food and water, it interferes with adsorption of iodide which is the substance needed to synthesize thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland. It has an bad influence upon disturbing pregnancy and synthesis of growth hormone. So the effective method is necessary to remove perchlorate anion in water. By considering economic aspect, we studied effective desorption (regeneration) of perchlorate anion from adsorbent with studies on removal and adsorption of perchlorate anion. Desorption experiment was conducted as batch type. Depending on various conditions (concentration, pH, cation anion form) elution, we evaluated amount, efficiency of desorption(amount of adsorption/desorption ${\times}$ 100). Also, research confirmed the efficiency of mixed resins between anion exchange resin and activated carbon and expected synergic effect from advantages of both adsorbents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.425-435
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• 2020

Numerous chemical modifications on activated carbon such as acidic conditioning, thermal treatment and metal impregnation have been investigated to enhance adsorption capacities of micropollutants in water treatment plants. In this study, chemical modification including acidic, alkaline treatment, and iron-impregnation was evaluated for adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). For Fe-impregnation, three concentrations of ferric chloride solutions, i.e., 0.2 M, 0.4 M, and 0.8 M, were used and ion-exchange (MIX) of iron and subsequent thermal treatment (MTH) were also applied. Surface properties of the modified carbons were analyzed by active surface area, pore volume, three-dimensional images, and chemical characteristics. The acidic and alkaline treatment changed the pore structures but yielded little improvement of adsorption capacities. As Fe concentrations were increased during impregnation, the active adsorption areas were decreased and the compositional ratios of Fe were increased. Adsorption capacities of modified ACs were evaluated using Langmuir isotherm. The MIX modification was not efficient to enhance 2,4-DCP adsorption and the MES treatment showed increases in adsorption capacities of 2,4-DCP, compared to the original activated carbon. These results implied a possibility of chemical impregnation modification for improvement of adsorption of 2,4-DCP, if a proper modification procedure is sought.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2005

Volatile compounds, isolated from Elsholtzia splendens using simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Twenty-nine compounds, comprising 3 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, 11 hydrocarbons, 5 ketones, and 3 miscellaneous ones, were tentatively identified from volatile compounds of Elsholtzia splendens flowers. From leaves, 30 compounds, comprising 3 aldehydes, 6 alcohols, 11 hydrocarbons, 6 ketones, and 11 miscellaneous ones, were tentatively identified. Volatile compounds extracted by HS-SPME in E. splendens flowers were 3 alcohols, 18 hydrocarbons, 3 ketones, and 2 miscellaneous ones. In leaves, 31 compounds, comprising 7 alcohols, 15 hydrocarbons, 7 ketones, and 2 miscellaneous ones, were tentatively identified. Major volatile compounds identified by SDE and HS-SPME were naginataketone and elsholtziaketone, which were identified as aroma-active compounds, representing characteristic aroma of E. splendens.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.689-692
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• 2005

In order to improve the electrochemical performances of Li-ion batteries when spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ is employed as a cathode active material, binary conductive agents were prepared using two different particle-sized carbons like Super P Black and $Vulcan^{(R)}$ XC-72R. The electrochemical performances of the $LiMn_2O_4$ cell system using binary conductive agents were evaluated in terms of specific charge and discharge capacities and cycle life. The cell with binary conductive agent in the 3:7 weight ratios of Super P Black and $Vulcan^{(R)}$ XC-72R showed better electrochemical performances due to the proper combination of ionic diffusion rate and electric contact.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

In this study, oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFP) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was used as raw materials for making pellets. EFB and PKS are valuable lignocellulosic biomass that can be used for various purposes. If EFB and PKS are used as alternative raw materials for making pellets instead of wood, wood could be saved for making pulps or other value-added products. In order to explore their combustion characteristics, EFB and PKS were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with ultimate and proximate analyses. From the TGA results, thermal decomposition of EFB and PKS occurred in the range of 280 to $400^{\circ}C$ through devolatilization and combustion of fixed carbon. After $400^{\circ}C$, their combustion were stabilized with combustion of residual lignin and char. PKS contained more fixed carbons and less ash contents than EFB, which indicated that PKS could be more active in combustion than EFB.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.3331-3335
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• 2014

We examine the potential use of disordered mesoporous carbon as a functional additive for confining dissolved Li-polysulfides and improving the cycling performance of Li-S batteries. To promote a better understanding of the correlation between the total pore volume of disordered mesoporous carbon and the cycling performance of Li-S batteries, a series of disordered mesoporous carbons with different total pore volumes are successfully synthesized using a commercial silica template. Based on the electrochemical and structural analyses, we suggest that the total pore volume of disordered mesoporous carbon is a predominant factor in determining its capability for either the absorption or adsorption of Li-polysulfides, which is primarily responsible for enhancing the cycling performance. The addition of disordered mesoporous carbon is also effective in enhancing the homogeneous distribution of active sulfur in the cathode, thereby affecting the cycling performance.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2015

In this study, we carry out a study on how to improve performance of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) through promoting reaction rate of rate determining vanadium reaction ($[VO]^{2+}/[VO_2]^+$). In order to do that, three different carbons like Vulcan (XC-72), CMK3 and MSU-F-C are adopted as the catalysts, while their catalytic activity and reaction reversibility are evaluated using half-cell tests. Their topological images are also measured by TEM. For estimation of the VRFB performance, multiple charge-discharge curves of VRFBs including the catalysts are measured by single cell tests. As a result of that, MSU-F-C shows relatively excellent catalytic activity and reaction reversibility as well as large surface area compared to those of Vulcan (XC-72) and CMK3. Also, in terms of the performance of VRFBs including the catalysts, VRFB including MSU-F-C indicates (i) low charging/discharging overpotentials and low internal resistance, (ii) high charge/discharge capacities and (iii) high energy efficiency. These VRFB performance data are well agreed with results on catalytic activity and reaction reversibility. The reason that MSU-F-C induces superior VRFB performances is attributed to (i) its large surface area and (ii) its hydrophilic surface functional groups that mainly consist of hydroxyl bonds that are supposed to play active surface site role for facilitaing $[VO]^{2+}/[VO_2]^+$ redox reaction. Based on the above results, it is found that adoption of MSU-F-C as catalyst for VRFB results in improvement in VRFB performance by promoting the languid $[VO]^{2+}/[VO_2]^+$ redox reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2013

Cancer cells exhibit increased demand for glutamine-derived carbons to support anabolic processes. Indeed, the spectrum of glutamine-dependent tumors and the mechanisms through which glutamine supports cancer metabolism remain areas of active investigation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of glutamine deprivation on the correlation between tightening of tight junctions (TJs) and anti-invasive activity in human prostate carcinoma LnCap cells. Glutamine deprivation markedly inhibited cell motility and invasiveness in a time-dependent manner. The anti-invasive activity of glutamine deprivation was associated with an increased tightness of the TJ, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited in a time-dependent fashion by glutamine deprivation, which was correlated with a decrease in expression of their mRNA and proteins and up-regulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expression. Furthermore, glutamine deprivation repressed the levels of the claudin family members, which are major components of TJs that play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Moreover, the levels of E-cadherin, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, and snail, an epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulator and zinc finger transcription factor, were markedly modulated by glutamine deprivation. Taken together, these findings suggest that TJs and MMPs are critical targets of glutamine deprivation-induced anti-invasion in human prostate carcinoma LnCap cells.