• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1386-1391
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• 1999

치자(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) 열매의 methanol추출물은 Gram양성 세균, Gram음성 세균, 효모 등의 미생물에 대하여 항미생물 활성을 보여, solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, HPLC등에 의해 얻어진 활성 물질을 MS, GC-MS, $^{1}H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ 그리고 2D-NMR 등의 기기 분석에 의해 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid는 동정하였다. 치자 열매에서 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid가 항미생물 활성물질로 분리 동정된 것은 처음으로 생각된다. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid는 건조 치자열매에 g당 $32.7\;{\mu}g$ 정도 함유되어 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2014

Microbes such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses are ubiquitous and people are exposed to them continuously. Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent proinflammaotry substance. When a person is exposed to environmental endotoxin, an innate immune response is initiated upon the initial recognition and this response produces various inflammatory mediators and recruits inflammatory cells to the exposed tissues. A purified chemical form of endotoxin is called lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the lipid A portion of the molecule is a biologically active moiety. Exposure to endotoxin may result in various complex health effects depending on time, route, and dose of exposure, as well as host susceptibility. Gene-environment interactions play important roles in health effects of endotoxin exposure, e.g. development or aggravation of asthma. To accurately assess exposure to endotoxin in environmental or epidemiologic studies, methods of sampling, extraction, and analysis must be carefully selected since the selected methods may substantially affect analytical results and there is no internationally-agreed standard method to date. The lack of a standardized method hampers the establishment of exposure-response relationships. While an internationally-agreed health-based exposure limit does not exist, the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety recently recommended $90EU/m^3$ as a health-based occupational exposure limit. The current article reviews various scientific issues on how we measure environmental endotoxin and the health effects of endotoxin exposure.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

This study examined the mechanisms underlying the effects of the vasorelaxation active substance(VAS), dimethyladenosine-5'-L-arabinose, and its partial purification fraction on nitric oxide synthase in improving erectile dysfunction with particular focus on the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathways. Two rat models, 9-month-old SD rats and 11-month-old SD rats, were given VAS(40 mg/kg per day) for 4 days, The aqueous fraction of silworm male pupae extract; semi-purified VAS(100 mg/kg per day) for 10 days, respectively. The NOS activities of the following three enzymes were examined: neuronal NO synthase(nNOS), inducible NOS(iNOS), endothelial NOS(eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor on endothelial cells(VEGF) and anti-inflammation effect of Tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$. The results showed increases in the nitric oxide synthase activities. Western blotting of the tissue homogenate showed an increase in the nNOS level in the brain and tongue, and an increase in the endothelial NO synthase(eNOS) level in penis. However, there was little association with VEGF production in HUVEC endothelial cells and no relationship with TNF-$\alpha$ which showed low levels.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.63-66
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• 1969

As a result of analyzing the change of material substance of all sorts biochemically and comparing the control with ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation (800r, 400 min), incubating the silkworm egges (bombyx. mori. L.) as the objective in the process of growth of embryo shortly before hatching, the following conclusion has been found. 1. Glucose has shown the increase of 281.2 mg/g in control during the pigment stage and it has shown the increase of 179.6 mg/g in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation during the same period. The difference in quantity between the former and the latter is due to the fact that the growth of embryo has been influenced by the radio active. Glucose has changed with phosphorus the other way round. 2. Control organic phosphorus has shown the increase of 5.23 mg/g during the Byong B or KI A in which organ and tissue in the embryo has been formed. Organic phosphorus in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation has shown the increase of 5.73 mg/g during KI B. Inorganic Phosphorus has shown only a little change in the control and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. The phosphorus in both has shown a little quantity in the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation in early period of incubation. After the Ki A embryo, it has increased rapidly and it has increased till the hatching more continually than in control. The about results of the research will be helpful and instructive to the betterment and improvement, breeding and management of animals and plants.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.303-306
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• 2012

Anti-angiogenesis therapy is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of cancer. We investigated the anti-angiogenesis activity of an extract from the ark shell Scapharca subcrenata and attempted to purify the active compounds. The crude extract of the ark shell inhibited the proliferation of human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-1) and tube formation by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). The methanol extract of the viscera of the ark shell showed activity. The ark shell extract acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor and could be developed further as a health substance, functional food, and anticancer agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2001

In many Gram-negative bacteria, autoinducers, such as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone(acyl-HSL) and its derivative molecules, mediate the cell-density-dependnet expression of certain operons. The current study identified the autoinducers produced by Burkholderia cepacia G4, a trichloroethylene-degrading lagoon isolate, using TLC bioassays with Agrobacterium tumefaciens NT1(pDCI141E33) and Chromobacterium violaceum CVO26, and a GC-MS analysis. The ${R_f}\;and\;{R_t}$ values and mass spectra were compared with those of synthetic compounds. Based on the analyses, it was confirmed that G4 produces N-hexanoyl (C6)-, N-octanoyl (C8)-, N-decanoyl (C10)-, N-dodecanoyl (C12)-HSL, and an unknown active species. The integration of the GC peak areas exhibited a ratio of C8-HSL:C10-HSL:C12-HSL at 3:17:1 with C6-HSL and C10-HSL production at trace and micromolar levels, respectively, in the culture supernatants. Nutants partially defective in producing acyl-HSLs were also partially defective in the biosynthesis of an antibiotic substance. These results indicate that the autoinducer-dependent gene regulation in G4 is dissimilar to the clinical B. cepacia strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.284-288
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• 1996

Among the bacteria isolated from compost piles of cattle excretion in a pasture located at the suburbs of Chunchon city, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KMCS-1 was selected for the test of antifungal substances produced. Six fractions were separated by silica gel column chromatography, and then the antifungal activity of each fraction was assayed against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus nidulans, Coprinus cinereus, and Pyricularia oryzae by paper disc method. Two fractions showed significant suppressive activities against A. nidulans, C. cinereus, and P. oryzae however, their mycelial growth was not affected by neither of these fractions. Inhibitory activities of these fractions to sporulation was assayed at the concentration of 50. 25, 12. 5, and 6.25 $\mu$g/ml and the average inhibition rates against sporulation of A. nidulans, C. cinereus, and P. oryzae were 94.0, 98.3, and 77.9%, respectively. Further purification and analysis of active substances are now being conducted.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2016

Mucus in the respiratory system is a factor to cause not only respiratory diseases but also chronic diseases. In this regard, this study is to investigate whether Benincasa hispida extracts (BHE) would stimulate secreting mucus in trachea and tracheobronchial lumen of rats. As a result, effect of stimulating the mucus secretion into trachea and trachebronchial lumen of rats is significantly increased in accordance with the administration concentration of Benincasa hispida seed extracts (BHSE). The secretion amounts of phenol red (PR) and sodium fluoreseceine (NaFI) are significantly increased by 25% and 34%, respectively, when 70% EtOH extracts of Benincasae pericarpium (BPE) are administrated to rats at the concentration of 200 mg/kg. In addition, the secretion amounts of PR and NaFI are significantly increased when BuOH fraction and water fraction are intraperitoneally administrated to rats at the concentration of 200 mg/kg. It seems the result implies the physiologically active substance that stimulates the secretion of mucus is contained in Benincasa hispida. Thus, Benincasa hispida is considered to be effective for Korean medicine treatment as a medicinal plant having effect of antitussive and apophlegmatic, and it also can be useful in developing functional food and beverage.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2000

This study was attempted to evaluate an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor of several medicinal pants, which have been used as sedatives in oriental medicine. The activities of the methanol extracts of composite preparation of oriental drugs were compared with those of the simple drugs, furthermore, the active fraction was found out from the simple preparation. Inhibitory effects of composite preparations, Cyperus rotundus/Acorus gramineus, Thuja orientalis/Euphoria longan, Thuja orientalis/Albizzia julibrissin, on the binding of ${[^3H]}$Ro15-1788, a selective benszodiazepine receptor antagonist to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices, were observed to be lower than those of corresponding simple preparations. These unexpected results suggest that some components of the composite druge may rather act as an obstacle, not to show the sinergistic effect. The methanol extracts of Cyperus rotundus having the highest activity were fractionated using polar and nonpolar solvents to give ethylacetate and hexane fractions, respectively. The ethylacetate fraction containing relatively polar components exhibited much higher activity than the hexane fraction, which consiste of nonpolar agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. However, in the presence of GABA, this fraction inhibited ${[^3H]}$flunitrazepan binding, and these positive GABA shift supported the strong possibility of agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptro. As a result, it may be concluded that the substance or substances with neurochemical properties as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may contribute to the sedative property of Cyperus rotundus.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2006

Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP, EC 3.4.21.26, also referred to as prolyl oligopeptidase) degrades proline containing, biologically active neuropeptides such as vasopressin, substance P and thyrotropin-releasing hormone by cleaving peptide bonds on carboxyl side of prolyl residue within neuropeptides of less than 30 amino acids. Evaluation of PEP levels in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients revealed significant increases in PEP activity. Therefore, a specific PEP inhibitor can be a good candidate of drug against memory loss. Upon our examination for PEP inhibitory activity from micronutrients, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) showed small but significant PEP inhibition (13% PEP inhibition at $8{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$). Palmitic acid showed almost no PEP inhibition. However, 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbic acid ($\underline{1}$) showed 70% PEP inhibition at $8{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ indicating that hydrophobic portion of the compound $\underline{1}$ may facilitate the inhibitory effect. $IC_{50}$ value of compound $\underline{1}$ was $12.6{\pm}0.2{\mu}M$. The primary and secondary Lineweaver Burk and Dixon plots for compound $\underline{1}$ indicated that it is a non-competitive inhibitor with inhibition constant (Ki) value of $23.7{\mu}M$.