• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.749-765
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• 2010

There are on-going efforts to utilize guided waves for structural damage detection. Active sensing devices such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) have been widely used for guided wave generation and sensing. In addition, there has been increasing interest in adopting wireless sensing to structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. One of major challenges in wireless SHM is to secure power necessary to operate the wireless sensors. However, because active sensing devices demand relatively high electric power compared to conventional passive sensors such as accelerometers and strain gauges, existing battery technologies may not be suitable for long-term operation of the active sensing devices. To tackle this problem, a new wireless power transmission paradigm has been developed in this study. The proposed technique wirelessly transmits power necessary for PZT-based guided wave generation using laser and optoelectronic devices. First, a desired waveform is generated and the intensity of the laser source is modulated accordingly using an electro-optic modulator (EOM). Next, the modulated laser is wirelessly transmitted to a photodiode connected to a PZT. Then, the photodiode converts the transmitted light into an electric signal and excites the PZT to generate guided waves on the structure where the PZT is attached to. Finally, the corresponding response from the sensing PZT is measured. The feasibility of the proposed method for wireless guided wave generation has been experimentally demonstrated.

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2019

The LiDAR sensor, which is widely regarded as one of the most important sensors, has recently undergone active commercialization owing to the significant growth in the production of ADAS and autonomous vehicle components. The LiDAR sensor technology involves radiating a laser beam at a particular angle and acquiring a three-dimensional image by measuring the lapsed time of the laser beam that has returned after being reflected. The LiDAR sensor has been incorporated and utilized in various devices such as drones and robots. This study focuses on object detection and recognition by employing sensor fusion. Object detection and recognition can be executed as a single function by incorporating sensors capable of recognition, such as image sensors, optical sensors, and propagation sensors. However, a single sensor has limitations with respect to object detection and recognition, and such limitations can be overcome by employing multiple sensors. In this paper, the performance of an eight-channel scanning LiDAR was evaluated and an object detection algorithm based on it was implemented. Furthermore, object detection characteristics during daytime and nighttime in a real road environment were verified. Obtained experimental results corroborate that an excellent detection performance of 92.87% can be achieved.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1279-1282
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• 2008

Organic field effect transistors are excellent candidates for addressing and local amplification elements for large area electronics because they can easily be processed at low temperatures on essentially arbitrary substrates. We present the use of these devices in an active matrix photodetector and as a buffer for a strain sensor.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.126-136
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• 2008

사경재배에서 이식후 70일 동안 생육된 연초 식물체를 이용하여 지상원격측정 센서들의 유효 측정거리와 측정 효율성을 평가하였다. 센서의 측정거리와 목표물의 캐노피 형태는 연초 엽의 제거방법을 상위엽부터 하위엽으로 차례로 제거하는 top-down 방법과 하위엽부터 상위엽으로 차례로 제거하는 bottom-up 방법으로 구분하여 조절하였다. 시험에 적용된 센서들은 수동형센서로서 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}$과 Spectroradiometer 그리고 능동형 센서는 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$ red와 amber 및 $GreenSeeker^{TM}$ red와 green 등 4개 종류를 비교하였다. 검토된 모든 센서들의 반사율지표는 수동형과 능동형 센서의 종류에 관계없이 연초식물의 하위엽보다 상위엽의 캐노피 형태에 따라 크게 영향을 받았다. 비교 검토된 측정거리보다 큰 213 cm의 유효거리를 갖 는 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$에 의한 반사율지표들은 센서의 유효거리가 제한되지 않은 수동형 센서의 경우와 동일하게 측정거리에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나유효거리 80-120cm로 제시된 $GreenSeeker^{TM}$능동형 센서는 유효측정거리의 한계로 규정된 120 cm보다 멀어질 경우 반사율지표는 크게 감소되고 측정오차를 보여 센서별로 규정된 유효 측정거리는 반드시 지켜야 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 연초 엽의 top-down 제거방법에 따른 건물중과 반사율지표의 상대비율로 상호관계를 평가한 결과 건물중 변화를 검출하는 능력은 수동형 센서보다 능동형 센서가 양호한 경향이었으며 센서 종류별로는 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$ red >$Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$ amber = $GreenSeeker^{TM}$ red > $Crop\;Circle^{TM}$ passive > $GreenSeeker^{TM}$ green > spectroradiometer의 순으로 측정효율이 감소되었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

An active compensation method for the deformation of composite structures using additional controllable metal parts is proposed, and its feasibility is experimentally investigated in a simulated space environment. Composite specimens are tested in a vacuum chamber, which is able to maintain pressure on the order of 10-3 torr and interior temperature in the range of ${\pm}30^{\circ}C$. The displacement-measuring interferometer system, which consists of a heterodyne HeNe laser and an interferometer, is used to measure the displacement of the whole structure. Meanwhile, the strain of the composite part and temperature of both parts are measured by fiber Bragg grating sensors and thermistors, respectively. The displacement of the composite structure is maintained within a tolerance of ${\pm}1{\mu}m$ by controlling the elongation of the metal part, which is bonded to the end of the composite part. Also, the possibility of fiber Bragg grating sensors as control input sensors is successfully demonstrated using a proper corrective factor based on the specimen temperature gradient data.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The technology and market size of image sensors continue to develop thanks to the release of image sensors that exceed 100 million pixels in 2019 and expansion of black box camera markets for vehicles in addition to existing mobile applications. We review the technology flow of image sensors that have been constantly evolving for 40 years since Hitachi launched a 200,000-pixel image sensor in 1979. Although CCD has made inroads into image sensor market for a while based on good picture quality, CMOS image sensor (CIS) with active pixels has made inroads into the market as semiconductor technology continues to develop, since the electrons generated by the incident light are converted to the electric signals in the pixel, and the power consumption is low. CIS image sensors with superior characteristics such as high resolution, high sensitivity, low power consumption, low noise and vivid color continue to be released as the new technologies are incorporated. At present, new types of structures such as Backside Illumination and Isolation Cell have been adopted, with better sensitivity and high S/N ratio. In the future, new photoconductive materials are expected to be adopted as a light absorption part in place of the pn junction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.471-484
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• 2016

Optical fiber sensors have been proven that they have the potential to detect high-frequency ultrasonic signals, in structural health monitoring field which generally refers to acoustic emission signals from active structural damages and guided waves excited by ultrasonic actuators and propagating in waveguide. In this work, the sensing properties of optical fiber sensors based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer were investigated in the metal plate. Analytical formulas were conducted first to explore the parameters affecting its sensing performances. Due to the simple and definable frequency component, the Lamb wave excited by the piezoelectric wafer was employed to study the sensitivity of the proposed optical fiber sensors with respect to the frequency, rather than the acoustic emission signals. In the experiments, according to above investigations, spiral shape optical fiber sensors with different size were selected to increase their sensitivity. Lamb waves were excited by a circular piezoelectric wafer, while another piezoelectric wafer was used to compare their voltage responses. Furthermore, by changing the excitation frequency, the tuning frequency characteristic of the proposed optical fiber sensor was also investigated experimentally.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2023

An asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal Al_0.24Ga_0.76N ultraviolet (UV) sensor was fabricated, and the effects of local Joule heating were investigated. After dielectric breakdown, the current density under a reverse bias of 2.0 V was 1.1×10^-9 A/cm², significantly lower than 1.2×10^-8 A/cm² before dielectric breakdown; moreover, the Schottky behavior of the Ti/Al/Ni/Au electrode changed to ohmic behavior under forward bias. The UV-to-visible rejection ratio (UVRR) under a reverse bias of 7.0 V before dielectric breakdown was 87; however, this UVRR significantly increased to 578, in addition to providing highly reliable responsivity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed interdiffusion between adjacent layers, with nitrogen vacancies possibly formed owing to local Joule heating at the AlGaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au interfaces. X-ray photoelectron microscopy results revealed decreases in the peak intensities of the O 1s binding energies associated with the Ga-O bond and OH-, which act as electron-trapping states on the AlGaN surface. The reduction in dark current owing to the proposed local heating method is expected to increase the sensing performance of UV optoelectronic integrated devices, such as active-pixel UV image sensors.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2001

This paper presents an experimental study on active control of self-excited vibration for a high speed turbomachinery. In order to suppress the self-excited vibration, it is necessary to actively control the air film pressure or the air film thickness. In this study, active pads are used to control the air film thickness. Active pads are supported by pivots containing piezoelectric actuators and their radial position can be actively controlled by applying voltage to the actuators. The transfer characteristics from actuator inputs to shaft vibration outputs are experimentally investigated. In a tilting-pad gas bearing (TPGB), a shaft is supported by the pressurized air film. Four gap sensors were used to measure the vibration of the shaft and PID was used in the feedback control of the shaft vibration. The experimental results show that the self-excited vibration of the rotor can be effectively suppressed if the PID controller gains are properly chosen. As a result we find that the feedback control is effective for suppressing the self-excited vibration of a rotor system using stack-type PZT actuators.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.353-354
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• 2014

An active vibration control technique of a time-varying cantilever beam is proposed in this study. A simple in-house coil sensor instead of expensive commercial sensors was used to measure the vibrational displacement of the beam. Active band pass filters and artificial neutral net works detect the frequencies, amplitudes, and phases of the main vibration mode. The time constants of the low pass filter representing the positive position feedback controller are updated in real-time, which generates the control voltage input to actuate the piezoelectric actuator and suppress the vibration. An experiment was successfully performed to verify the algorithm for a cantilever beam, which fundamental natural frequency arbitrarily varies between 9 Hz ~ 18 Hz. The present active vibration suppression technique can be applied to variety of structures which undergoes large variation of dynamic characteristics while operating.