• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 2개 대학 병원에서 폐결핵으로 진단 받고 치료 받았던 학동기 소아와 청소년들을 대상으로 임상 양상과 접촉 병력을 파악하고 접촉자 검진 실태에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2008년부터 2012년까지 부산대학교어린이병원과 부산대학병원에서 활동 폐결핵으로 진단 받고 치료 받은 10-18세, 54명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 의무기록을 통하여 진단 당시 임상 양상, 추정 감염 경로, 감염원과의 관계와 미생물학적 검사, 영상학적 검사, 접촉자 검진의 여부, 잠복결핵감염 치료 여부, 노출 후 결핵 발병까지의 기간 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 연령 중앙값은 16세였으며, 10-14세가 11명(20.4%), 15-18세가 43명(79.6%)이었다. 54명 중 35명(64.8%)은 전염성 결핵 환자와 접촉력이 없었고, 19명(35.2%)에서 접촉력이 있었다. 19명 중 가족 접촉자 군은 10명(52.6%)였고, 비가족 접촉자 군은 9명(47.4%)으로 학교 급우였다. 결핵 노출 후 접촉자 검진을 받은 환자는 가족 접촉자 군에서 10명 중 1명 이었고, 비가족 접촉자 군에서 9명 중 6명 이었다. 접촉자 검진을 받은 7명 중 3명이 활동 폐결핵, 1명이 잠복결핵감염, 3명은 결핵 감염의 소견은 없었다. 활동 결핵 환자와 노출 후 폐결핵으로 진단되기까지의 기간은 가족 접촉자 군에서 중간값이 2년, 비가족 접촉자 군에서 중간값 0.23년이었다. 결론: 학교 내 접촉자 검진과 같이 접촉자 검진이 적절하게 시행된다면 청소년 결핵을 조기에 발견하고 치료할 수 있게 되며, 이는 결핵의 확산 방지에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.45-66
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• 1997

This thesis is a study on the kaftan styles iin Asia. The purpose of he study was to examine the origin o the kaftan concentrating on the history and cultural backgrounds of nomads in he Western Central and North Eastern Asia. Secondly for more thorough study and expla-nation on how these kaftans contributed to East-West trade along the silk road. wall paintings and miniature illuminations along Oasis roads persia and Saracen period were compared, Also real kaftans were compared and analyzed the characteristics of Western (Turkey palestine) Central(Kazakistan Uz-bekistan Tadzhistan Qyrgyztan Turkmenistan) and the North Eastern Asian(Mongol) area. Thirdly an attempt has been made to provide the North Eastern Asian(Mongol) area. Thirdly an attempt has been made to provide the style classifications according to their peculiarities of the various kaftans as well as how kaftan gave important influences on custumes of different religious sects. The kaftan is a long coat-like garment with front openings fastened with long sash having an extra long sleeves which were worn by middle and high class nomadics throughout the West Central and North Eastern Asia This type of kaftans were a basic clothing for nomadics since they were constantly moving fromone to another areas on their horse back riding. They also wore tight trousers with boots. Kaftans seem to be originated from nomads of Steppe around B.C. 800 On B. C 400 west asian areas such as Solokha Kul-oba Kulogan had pictures sculptues on vases showing kaftans of half coat type length with front opening tied with band. Also the materials used were the products of animals such as wool or felt with animal designs showing Scythian nomads. In the North Eastern Asia Hsiung-Nu were active in Kazakha North Altai and Mongol The Clothing and fabrics exfavated near Noin-ula Pazyrik showed many samples of kaftan with trousers with other interment be-longings with a corpse around B.C 300 to A. D 100 when trades along the silk roads were proven by many historians Kaftans excavated in this area wore red front opening silk materials which suggesting settling down of nomads. in he central Asia Dol-gull near Altai mountain area were mainly miners who later had many trades with Persia and Bizantine. After Dol-gull Bezeklik temple Samarkant Kizil cow Budda sculture wall paintings of Astana tomb showed typical kaftan of this re-gion. These were both hip covered length as well as long coat with narrow sleeves. Es-pecially they had different color band fron the main kaftan with grogeously and splendously designed silk. In perusia during A. D 1400 to 1600 minia-ture illumination showed kaftan as a high class symbol more than clothing purpose. They had best quality silk with extra long sleeves draping and had a layers of kaftans one on top of anther as a symbol of wealth These Kaftans with different colors and designs were even more beautiful with their effective combinations and contrast of colors. On the other hand the lower class common people and servants wore simple kaftan with the front part of the kaftan were slipped into the belt in order to be more active and con-venient to work, The real kaftans discovered at Topkapi Saray palace of Turkey from A. D 1300 to 1900 were also compared. These kaftans were very numerous in numbers as well as designs The materials and designs used were also vari-ous such as Chinese to Italian silk. The shaped and pattern itself were not much different from the previous nomad's Kaftans. The Palestian kaftans remained were from the beginning of 19th and 20th century. Since this area is hot and dry desert they used black and navy blue colors mostly in order to exclude the sun lights. The patterns used were similar to Nomads and Bedouin with cross stiches and patch work decorations. In the central Asia they had similar life style and natural environmental cnditions with Turkish tribe which resulted in similar kaftan styles as nomads. Mongols conserved basic patterns of kaftan since Cinggis Khan with deep folding in order to keep warm. At last the kaftans studided in this thesis were classified in to four such as half coat long coat jacket and vest style. A pattern used in the Central Asia were zigzag and ani-mal design whereas in the West Asia were floral plant arabesk and circle pattern. As I discussed previously kaftan styles of nomads in the Asia maintained its basic pat-tern throughout the history except slight changes in color gusset sleeve shapes. These slight changes were made according to the need to adapt the need of environmental natu-ral conditions, The reason for aboriginality of kaftan in Asia was its simplicity and con-venience Most interesting fact is that for all these years Mongols are still wearing kaftan in their life ensuring us that they art the preserves of old kaftan. Since this thesis dealt enormous Asian regions I had a limitation of not being able to cover the Far Esatern asian areas such as Korea China and Japan how these kaftans were influenced in their clothing history as well as Eastern and Western culture. This topic along with the studies on materials and designs of patterns of kaftan will be another research project in the future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1985

1984년 5월부터 11월까지 6개월간 경북지역에서 출현하는 모기의 종류와 그 생태를 조사함과 아울러, 유문등에 의한 매개모기의 계절적 출현 소장을 관찰하였다. 조사 기간중에 채집된 모기의 종류는 4층 14종이었으며, 기중 Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles(작은 빨간집모기), Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann(중국얼룩날개모기), Culex pipiens pallets Coquillett(빨간집모기), 3종이 우점종으로 전 채집수의 95.5%를 차지하였다. 지역별로는 경산군에서 채집한 모기 34,571마리 중 C. tritaeniorhynchus가 44.9%로 가장 많았고. 그 다음은 34.3%를 나타내는 분. pipiens pallens였으며, A. sinensis는 18.9%로 중간치를 나타내었다. 이에 반하여 뇌염환자의 다발성 지역인 안강읍에서 채집한 모기 13,075마리 중, A. sinensis가 75.8%로 가장 많았고, C. tritaenorhynchus는 23.2%, C. pipiens pallens는 0.6%였다. 조사지역에서 C. tritaeniorhynchus를 처음으로 채집할 수 있는 시기는 6월 중순이었으며, 이 기간중 기온은 $21.9^{\circ}C~25.0^{\circ}C$, 습도는 60~80%, 그 밀도(Average number of female mosquito/trap.night)는 1.2마리였다. C. tritaeniorhynchus의 최대 밀도시기는 8월 하순에서 9월 초순 사이었으며, 그 기간중 기온은 $23.0^{circ}C~27.9^{\circ}C$, 습도는 64~88%였고, 최대밀도는 1,008.4마리였다. 매개모기의 야간 흡혈 활동성을 알아보기 위해 7월 17~18일과 8월 3~4일 2회에 걸쳐 저녁 19시부터 그 다음 날 아침 6시까지 1시간 간격으로 모기를 채집하였다. C. tritaeniorhynchus의 활동이 가장 활발한 시간은 21시에서 22시, 24시에서 1시 사이였으며, 아침 5시 이후에는 한마리도 채집할 수 없었다. 조사 지역에서 채집한 유충은 사육실로 옮겨 종을 동정 하였던 바, 4층 14종이었으며, 매년 사회적으로 문제가 되는 뇌염 매개종인 C. tritaeniorhynchus의 유충서식처는 답, 옹덩이, 작은 연못, 늪, 미나리논 및 소택지 등이었다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보아 뇌염 매개 모기, C. tritaeniorhynchus는 6월 중순에 처음으로 출현하며, 8월 하순과 9월 초순에 최대 밀도를 나타내였고, 10월 중순 부터는 채집할 수 없음을 알았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

제주도에서 지하수의 충전지역으로 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 한라산의 중산간 지역에 집중적으로 골프장이 건설되고 있어 잔디 관리용으로 살포된 농약에 의한 지하수의 오염이 우려되고 있다. 흡착제인 활성탄, Orpar또는 zeolite를 Iysimeter 형태의 모형그린에 35 cm 깊이에 3 cm 두께로 처리하여 농약의 용탈 억제 효율을 비교하였다. 시험 농약으로는 fenitrothion, triadimefon, diniconazole을 수화제로 모형그린 표면에 살포하였으며 통상적인 그린 관리 조건하에서 농약의 용탈현상을 조사하였다. 용탈현상은 주로 자연강우에 의해 발생되었으며 비강우시의 관수는 농약의 용탈에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 잔류성이 짧거나 흡착성이 큰 농약인 fenitrothion과 triadimefon의 용탈은 강우량이 많은 조사 초기에만 매우 제한적으로 일어났으며 특히 fenitrothion은 용탈 가능성이 거의 없는 농약으로 나타났다. 잔류성이 긴 diniconazole은 조사기간 동안 지속적으로 또 가장 높은 농도로 용탈되었다. 따라서 투수성이 크고 유기화합물에 대한 흡착력이 낮은 사질의 그린 조건에서는 농약의 잔류성이 용탈에 영향을 미치는 주 요인으로 나타났다. 초기 살포량을 기준으로 계산된 용탈율을 보면 fenitrothion과 triadimefon은 0.2% 이하였으며 diniconazole은 1.8% 정도로 비교적 높았다. 흡착제의 처리로 이들 농약의 용탈을 크게 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 활성탄과 Orpar를 흡착제로 처리한 모형그린에서 농약의 용탈율을 0.01%이하로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 흡착제를 처리하지 않을 경우에 용탈수 중에서 검출된 농약의 농도는지하수로 유입된다 하여도 음용수의 수질 측면에서 문제가 되지 않을 정도로 낮았으며, 활성탄과 같은 흡착제를 처리함으로써 골프장에서의 농약 용탈 문제를 보다 근원적으로 차단할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data regarding effective learning opportunities in childbirth education classes. Also analysis of the data indicates the optimum conditions for the welfare and improvements in the promotion of health in childbearing mothers. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The average age of the subjects in this study was 30.6 years and the total number of subjects was 58 pregnant women. The average number of children was one and 84.5% of the subjects were unemployed even though 63.8% of them held over bachelor's degrees. It was found that 22.4% of the subjects were living in an extended family. Also 61.5% of them were living with parents-in-law. The number of pregnancies were calssified as one, two, or three to nine times with the percentages of 58.7%, 22.4% and 18.9%, respectively. Further, 72.4% of the subjects had no abortion experience and 15.5% had one aborion experience. While 89.7% of the subjects planned to feed their babies with breastmilk, mixed feeding were used by only 22.4% of the sample. These data were collected at about 6 months after delivery. Thus one can see that a low rate of breastfeeding was common. 2) The length of one period of childbirth education is four weeks. It was found that 36.2% of the subjects participated in childbirth education only once, where as 13.8% participated four times and 19% of the subjects participated in this class more than four times. pregnant at least once. Further, 75.9% of the participants were participated in this education through their own will. Their motivation for participation developed through information, advertisement and posters which contained information on childbirth education. Those with unplanned pregnancies 92.9% participated after a suggestion by the nurses. The number of participants in terms of percentage according to the childbirth education contents can be classified as following. The most active participation was shown in preparation of delivery(77.6%), postpartrm management(56.9%) fetal development(37.6%) and physiology of pregnancy(17.2%). It was found that 75.9% of the subjects were willing to participate again if they were given a chance. The reason can be summarized as following: The content of the education is very helpful(47.7%). Scientific knowledge can be obtained through this program(20.5%). Participation helps in achieving psychological stability(9.1%). Participation enables one to establish a friendly relationship with other participants(6.8%) of the sample. 24.1% of the participants did not want to participate again. The reasons can be as following: They do not want another baby(42.9%). The first paricipation in childbirth education gave enough knowledge about childbirth(21.4%). Another reason for not want to participate again was because they had a cesarean birth(14.3%). Only 7.1% of them responded with a negative view. A response that they do not need childbirth education after their operation can be traced back to the general belief that childbirth education is the place where one prepares for natural birth through the Lamaze breathing technique. Of the subjects, 91.4% suggested that this program could be recommended to other childbearing mothers, because this program gave educational content along with psychological stability for childbearing women. Of the subjects 41.4% did not see any efforts towards the welfare of the baby, where as 88.2% did. Among the subjects 58.6% made some effort to eliminate the discomfort of labor by breathing and imagination and breathing and walking. Further 41.7% of the 24 subjects did not do anything toward the welfare of the baby, because they did have a cesarean section so that they didn't have a chance even though they had been educated about childbirth. Also 33.3% of the subjects did not do anything toward the welfare of the baby, because they lacked a willingness. After leaving the hospital, only 75.9% of the subjects did some exercises. The subjects who tried participate this program with their husband accounted for 20.7% of the sample. Interviewing with the subjects solved some of the uneasiness and. fear of delivery, increased self-confidence in parenting and active coping in the delivery process.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2001

일본재첩의 자원관리를 위한 기초조사로 배우자 형성과정 및 생식주기, 군성숙도, 발생과정 등을 조사한 결과, 자웅이체 난생 종으로 암컷의 생식소는 회흑색, 수컷의 생식소는 유백색을 띄어 육안적으로 뚜렷히 구별되었다. 배우자의 형성과 성장은 수온에 지배되는 것으로 나타났으며, 성숙한 난모세포는 원형으로 그 크기는 약 80$\mu\textrm{m}$ 전후였다. 생식주기는 초기활성기 (2-4월), 후기활성기 (5-7월), 완숙기 (6-9월), 부분산란기 (7-9월), 퇴화 (9-10월) 및 비활성기 (10-익년 5월)의 연속적인 5 단계로 구분할 수 있었으며, 방란.방정후 생식소 자체가 완전히 퇴화되지 않고 새로운 조직에서 신생되면서 비활성기를 지나 이듬해 봄에 다시 분화가 활발히 개시되었다 따라서 일본재첩의 번식생태는 긴 생식소의 발달기간에 비해 짧은 방란.방정기를 가지는 종으로 특징 지워진다. 자원의 증식과 관리를 위한 자료로 매우 중요한 군성숙도를 조사한 결과 암컷과 수컷의 50% 개체가 각각 생식에 참가하는 각장은 약 10-12 mm로 추정되었고, 각장 16 mm 이상이면 전 개체가 생식에 참가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 생식에 참가하는 최소각장에 있어 암.수 개체간 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 방출된 알은 분리침성란으로 수정란의 난경은 약 80-90 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 범위에 있었으며, 수온 26.5-28.$0^{\circ}C$에서 수정 후 약40분이 지나면서 극체 (polar body) 가 방출되었다. 수정 14시간 후에는 낭배기, 27시간 후에는 담륜자기로 발생하였다. 이어 수정후 4일경부터 유각이 형성되고 폐각근, 장관, 면반 등이 분화된 D형 자패가 출현하였다. 개체간 성장 차이는 있었지만 57일간의 사육일수에 대한 각장과 각고의 상대성장식을 구한 결과, 사육일수 (X) 에 대하여 각장 (Y) 의 성장은 Y = 14.4X + 209.58 ($r^2$= 0.9078), 각고 (Y) 는 Y = 11.5l7X + 167.48 ($r^2$= 0.8744)로 나타났다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1994

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systematic disease with unpredictable course of exacerbation and remission, characterized by pain, joint deformity and reduced activity by joint limitation. The growing public awareness of the need for health management of chronic illnesses, provides impetus for nursing to demonstrate social effectiveness by active nursing intervention in this vast area in general, and with rheumatoid condition in particular. However, nursing interventions to date have not demonstrated its active participation in the management of chronic conditions. Nursing intervention for the patients having rheumatoid arthritis is one such area that needs to be studied intensively and to demonstrate their effectiveness empirically. The purposes of this study were two fold : first, to develop a comprehensive program that was intensified with therapeutic joint exercises in water, self-help group activities and utilization of self-efficacy promoting strategies : and secondly, to determine the effect of aquatic exercise program on pain, physiological changes and quality of life in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirty five female subjects participating in this study were selected from outpatients in the Rheumatism Center, Hanyang University hospital. The period of data collection was from December, 1992 to March, 1993 in seoul and Taejeon. Subjects in Taejeon were assigned to the experimental group. The comprehensive aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 6 weeks in regular swimming pool. Subjects in Seoul did not participated in the program, and treated as the control group. Data were analyzed with repeated measure MANCOVA, t-test, ANCOVA, percentage of change, Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Scores on Korean pain scale, Numeric pain score, and RAI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.11, p=0.022 ; F=4.40, p=0.044 : t=3.10, p=0.002). 2) There was significant improvement in the physiological parameters (higher joint movement parameters, F=15.64, p=0.024 ; higher lean body mass, percentage of change=+12.2, lower body weight, t=1.01, p=0.026 : lower ESR, t=1.69, p=0.001) in the experimental group compaired with subjects In the control group. 3) There was significant improvement in the specific self-efficacy score through the comprehensive aquatic exercise program(t=2.73, p=0.011), but not in the general self- efficacy score(t=0.62, p=0.113). 4) The quality of life failed to show significant improvement in the experimental group as compaired with the control group (F=3.69, p=0.064). 5) In the experimental group, findings from additional analysis showed no significant difference in the specific self-efficacy between those who continued to aquatic exercise after completing 6 week program and those who stopped (X2=0.086, p=0.690). Therefore, adherence to aquatic exercise program for 6 weeks seem to be affected mainly by self-help group activities. An indepth study to delve into articulation of mechanisms affecting the effect of aquatic exercise program be recommended. A further study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of group and individual aquatic exercise program, to assess factors affecting adherence to exercise for an extended length of time.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-36
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• 1982

본 연구는 누에의 인공사료를 개선함에 있어서 사료자원을 저렴한 가격으로 손쉽게 취득할 수 있는 방법을 연구하기 위하여 49종의 식물과 5종의 Cellulose원에 대하여 사료자원으로서의 적부를 검정하고 한편으로는 82종의 보존잠품종에 대한 계통별 섭식상황을 조사하고 또한 사육조건에 따른 섭식성의 차이와 잠체내의 효소활성과의 관계에 관하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시할 49종의 식물중에서 대조구(기본인공사료)보다 모진율, 2령기잠률 및 기잠체중이 더 높은 것은 동부, 오리나무, 결명차, 고구마, 토끼풀, 벚나무, 콩등이었다. 2. 모진율과 2령기잠률이 우수한 동부, 고구마. 방동산이, 오리나무 결명차, 망초구를 선발하여 전령사육을 행한 결과 대조구에 비하여 최성잠체중과 견중이 무겁고 화통비율도 더 높았으므로 이들 식물은 인공사료자원으로 이용할만한 충분한 가치가 인정되었다. 3. 인공사료조성에 첨가할 Celluloso원은 뽕나무 Cellulose가 잠체중과 견층비율이 높고 감잠비율은 낮으며 과과일수가 짧아서 가장 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. Cellulose조제방법은 NaOH처리법이 가장 간편하고 가공비도 절약되었다. 4. 우리나라 보존잠품종 82종의 인공사료에 대한 섭식성은 잠품종에 따라 차이가 있고 계통간에도 차이가 인정되었는데 대체로 일본종계가 양호한 편이고 중국종계, 구주종계의 순이다. 5. 사료조건이 상이한 경우 즉 인공사료육에서 상엽육으로 또는 상엽육에서 인공사료육으로 전환하는 시기는 다같이 4령초기가 적당한 것으로 생각되며 3령기도 무방할 것 같다. 6. 인공사료육에 적당한 온도범위는 1~3령기는 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4~5령기는 28$^{\circ}C$로 밝혀졌으며 전령 27$^{\circ}C$도 거의 비슷한 사육결과를 보여 주었다. 7. 잠품사별, 사육온도별 그리고 사료원별로 Esterase 및 Phosphatase의 Agarose gel 전기영동상을 비교해 보면 1) 상엽육과 인공사료육잠아의 중장 Esterase영동상은 잠령기별로 서로 다르고 상엽육잠아에는 인공사료육잠아에 비하여 1~2개의 활성대가 더 많이 나타나고 있다. 2) 인공사료에 대한 섭식성이 양호한 중 15는 섭식성이 불량한 중 60희에 비하여 중장 Esterase활성대가 1~2개 더 많은 경향이 있었다. 3) 사육온도별로 3~4령잠의 중장 Esterase영동상을 비교하면 28$^{\circ}C$구는 3,4령 모두 5개활성대가 인정되었으며 35$^{\circ}C$구에서는 3령기에 4개활성대, 4령기에 6~7개의 활성대가 나타났다. 4) 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Esterase영동상은 각기 상이하다. 즉 중장에는 5개활성대. 혈액에는 1개활성대, 견사선에는 3개활성대가 인정되며 발육 계제에 따라 활성대수에 변화가 있었다. 5) 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Acid Phosphatase영동상을 보면 중장에는 3령잠에 1개, 4령잠에 2개, 5령잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었으며 혈액에는 3,4령잠에 각1개, 5령잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었다. 중잠과 혈액의 Acid phosphatase형은 잠품종간이나 사육온도간에 약간의 차이가 있기는 하지만 뚜렷하지는 않았다. 견사선에는 활성대가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 1992

토양(土壤)의 온도(溫度)가 콩의 지상부(地上部) 및 뿌리생육(生育) 특성(特性)과 물 및 양분(養分)의 흡수(吸收)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 온도(溫室) 내에서 포트시험(試驗)을 하였다. 온도(溫度)가 자동조절(自動調節)되는 대형수조(大型水槽)에 근권(根圈)의 토양온도(土壤溫度)를 저온(低溫)인 $17^{\circ}C$, 중온(中溫)인 $25^{\circ}C$ 및 고온(高溫)인 $32^{\circ}C$로 조절(調節)하여 삼각사양토(三角砂壤土)와 이현미사질양토(梨峴微砂質壤土)로 충전(充塡)된 포트에 발아(發芽)된 팔달(八達)콩을 심어 43일간 재배(栽培)하면서 지상부(地上部)와 뿌리의 생육특성(生育特性)을 조사(調査)하고 P및 K의 흡수량(吸收量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 토양온도(土壤溫度) $17^{\circ}C$에서 $32^{\circ}C$ 범위(範圍)에서 지상부(地上部)와 지하부(地下部)의 생육량(生育量)은 온도(溫度)가 높을수록 많았으며, 초기(初期)의 지하부(地下部) 건물중(乾物重) 증가(增加)는 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重) 증가(增加) 보다 빨랐다. 저온(低溫)과 중온조건(中溫條件)에서는 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)와 사양토(砂壤土) 간에 지상부(地上部) 생육량(生育量)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었으나 고온(高溫)에서는 생육(生育) 35일(日) 이후에 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)에서 생육(生育)한 콩의 뿌리의 길이가 길었고, 저온조건(低溫條件)의 사양토(砂壤土)에서 生育한 콩의 뿌리가 굵었다. 콩 식물체(植物體) 전체(全醴)의 P및 K의 흡수량(吸收量)은 온도(溫度)가 높을수록 많았고 단위(單位) 뿌리길이당 흡수속도(吸收速度)는 사양토(砂壤土)에서 빨랐다. $25^{\circ}C$에서의 단위(單位) 뿌리표면적(表面積)당 흡수속도(吸收速度)를 기준(墓準)으로 Dalton과 Gardner의 물흡수속도(吸收速度)의 온도의존성(溫度依存性)과 비교(比較)하여 본 결과(結果) P및 K모두 강한 온도의존성(溫度依存性)을 보였으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 저온(低溫)으로 갈수록 능동적흡수(能動的吸收)가 없는 온도의존성(溫度依存性)을 그리고 고온(高溫)으로 갈수록 능동적흡수(能動的吸收)가 있는 온도의존성(溫度依存性)을 보였다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.53-83
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• 2012

This thesis is a study of artistic measures and climate refugees, based on Hack's World Climate Refugee Camp project. According to Hack, climate refugees appeared with the process of globalization. Hack claimed that the people who put climate refugees in danger are the industrialized nations, and therefore, their rejection of refugees is nonsense. He also stated that the fundamental solution would be the active participation of such nations. Thus, he travels around the world, encouraging participants and globalizing his project. Interestingly, the practical participation method of his climate calamity project is divided into four methods, which are all related to realizing the danger and presenting various solutions. First, the aesthetic of survival: the reason Hack focused on the warming trend and claimed that we have to accept the climate refugees as refugees comes from the thought that we are all potential refugees, and the anxiety that climate refugees may cause war in the end. The solution Hack found for surviving in such a world is to create "refugee camps" to notify people about the seriousness of climate change, and to put the "aesthetic for survival" in action. Second, a relation-oriented relationship: communication between Hack and the participants was done in various ways. They are experiencing a bond and emotions of an interrelationship through their actions in the experimental field, experiencing a new form of art, which they were not able to experience in a museum. Third, a utopian measure: Hack's utopian measure started from the fear of dystopia but Hack still believes that it is not only a dream, but that it can be realized. He claims that even though the start may be feeble, it is possible to rescue children from starvation and to treat climate refugees as proper human in the end, when communication and cooperation is done the right way and properly. Fourth, the aesthetic of global relation, the internet: the new solution Hack is trying on the internet is to make more people participate in his project. It is fate that "human are the wrongdoer and the victim at the same time", but according to Hack's opinion, social disaster can be avoided through effort and it is optimistic that we can give form to the culture revolution we are experiencing now. Hack's project illustrated the importance of daily life, compared to art inside a museum, through active participation of the people and opened up a new method of art through realistic responses to disasters. This is distinctive from the past exhibitions, where artists gave shape and form to ideals and an imaginary world, in that it shows that the artist and audience aim for creating a community-like structure, just like Bourriaud's art method. Hack's project of climate calamity illustrates that installation and action art is not only an art genre which shows installation and activities, but that it can include social and political issues and that it can be completed with the help of participants, consequently becoming a genre of modern art. Hack raises a question about art's identity through various descriptions. Artists as planners, who base their artworks on their subjectivity or the characteristics of a specific period, the people as participants, the duet of art work and play, human and human, and further, human and nature. The practical participation method, as a measure for "disaster", reveals the new art of the 21st century within Hack's artworks. Even though there are several problems with Hack's usage of art as a measure for disaster, it will actively open up a new page for the 21st century's art with the theme of disaster.